The wines of the marquis. Mercantilism on a border of the Viceroyalty Río de la Plata (18th century)

En esta ponencia se analiza la conformación del espacio mercantil, la mano de obra, y el rol del hacendado, en la producción y comercialización del vino dentro del marquesado del Valle de Tojo (Norte del virreinato del Rio de la Plata, siglo XVIII).This paper analyses the formation of the commercial space, labour force, and the role of the squire in the production and marketing of wine within the marquisate of the valley Valle de Tojo (North of the Viceroyalty Río de la Plata, 18th century).Fil: Cruz, Enrique Normando. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Poder y adaptación al Sur de Charcas en el siglo XVIII: curas doctrineros y curacas en San Antonio de Humahuaca

En el artículo se estudian las relaciones de poder en los curatos rurales indígenas al sur de Charcas en el siglo XVIII. Se parte de la conjetura de que la confi guración del poder hispano en torno al clero dio lugar a la elaboración de un «acuerdo de dominación colonial» entre curas doctrineros y autoridades indígenas.In this article are studied the power relationships of indigenous rural curacies in the South of Charcas in the 18th century. Starting from the conjecture, and the idea that the confi guration of Hispanic power around the clergy gave rise to the development of a «colonial domination agreement» between parish priests and indigenous authorities.Fil: Cruz, Enrique Normando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencis Sociales. Centro de Estudios Indigenas y Coloniales; Argentin

Redefining clinical outcomes and endpoints in glaucoma

Introduction: Increasing life expectancy and ageing populations across the world are causing the number of glaucoma patients to rise dramatically. With longer lifespans also comes the need to improve the timeframe and accuracy with which we can diagnose, monitor and treat patients, ensuring longevity of vision contributes to a meaningful quality of life. Current markers used in glaucoma practice are in many cases suboptimal in their ability to accurately identify glaucomatous damage in time to prevent irreversible optic neuropathy. // Areas covered: This review summarises the important properties of successful biomarkers and surrogates, and relates this to how intraocular pressure, visual field testing, and imaging have been refined to improve early diagnosis and progression analysis of glaucoma patients. Secondly, we discuss newer concepts in imaging, genetics, and quality of life measures which may provide biomarkers and surrogate endpoints with which to develop novel treatments in the future. // Expert commentary: We summarise the key relevant points in glaucoma research, and the current techniques being trialled that are most likely to lead to valuable biomarkers for the future

The influence of social media access on self-perception of oral health-related quality of life considering the malocclusion among adolescents from Amazon region

This cross-sectional study evaluated the influence of social media access on self-perception of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) considering the malocclusion among low-income adolescents from riverine and urban communities in the Amazon. 266 adolescents without access to social media, answered the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14) and were clinically evaluated to determine their malocclusion using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). A multilevel Poisson regression analysis evaluated the association between variables related to the individuals (1st level) and regions (2nd level) and quality of life. DAI and CPQ mean values were, respectively, 29.6 (SD 6.8) and 8.3 (SD 6.9) for the adolescents from the riverine community farthest from the urban center, 24.5 (SD 6) and 11.8 (SD 7.9) for those living in the riverine area nearest to the urban center and 23.8 (SD 5.9) and 11.4 (SD 6.8) for urban adolescents. The severity of malocclusion had no statistically significant impact on self-perception of OHRQoL (RR 1.00 to 1.05). Adolescents in the remote areas reported a better quality of life (RR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.24-0.60, p < 0.001), regardless the severity of dental malocclusion., than those in the urban area.

NGF modulates trkANGFR/p75NTR in αsMA-expressing conjunctival fibroblasts from human ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP)

OBJECTIVE: In a previous study, we reported the upregulation of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and trkANGFR expression in Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid (OCP), an inflammatory and remodeling eye disease. Herein, we hypothesize a potential NGF-driven mechanism on fibroblasts (FBs) during OCP remodeling events. To verify, human derived OCP-FBs were isolated and characterized either at baseline or after NGF exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conjunctival biopsies were obtained from 7 patients having OCP and 6 control subjects (cataract surgery). Both conjunctivas and primary FB cultures were characterised for αSMA, NGF and trkANGFR/p75NTR expression. Subcultures were exposed to NGF and evaluated for αSMA, NGF, trkANGFR/p75NTR expression as well as TGFβ1/IL4 release. For analysis, early and advanced subgroups were defined according to clinical parameters. RESULTS: OCP-conjunctivas showed αSMA-expressing FBs and high NGF levels. Advanced OCP-FBs showed higher αSMA expression associated with higher p75NTR and lower trkANGFR expression, as compared to early counterparts. αSMA expression was in keeping with disease severity and correlated to p75NTR. NGF exposure did not affect trkANGFR levels in early OCP-FBs while decreased both αSMA/p75NTR expression and TGFβ1/IL4 release. These effects were not observed in advanced OCP-FBs. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these data are suggestive for a NGF/p75NTR task in the potential modulation of OCP fibrosis and encourages further studies to fully understand the underlying mechanism occurring in fibrosis. NGF/p75NTR might be viewed as a potential therapeutic target

Effects of a delay in feed delivery on behaviour, milk yield and heamatological parameters of dairy cows

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a delay (at 09:30 instead of 07:30 h) in Total Mixed Ration (TMR) delivery on the behaviour, milk yield, and haematological parameters in dairy cows. Twelve healthy Italian Holstein cows, divided into two homogeneous groups of six each, were involved. The TMR delay was applied either for one (on Tuesday; single delay, SD) or for three consecutive days (Tuesday to Thursday; repeated delay, RD) to one group at a time while the other acted as control. A week of pause was interposed between treatments and the order of the treatment was randomised. Behaviour was observed by instantaneous scan sampling every 2 min during seven half-hour periods on Tuesday and Thursday and blood samples were taken at 14:30 h on these days. Milk yield was recorded daily. Data were analysed by a mixed models for repeated measurements. The delay caused a marked increase in activities towards the feeding rack prior to feeding on day 1 when delay was applied both as SD (P<0.01) and RD (P<0.05). On the third day of delay, pre- and post-meal agonistic behaviour increased in delayed cows (P<0.01). Milk yield and blood parameters were not affected by the delay. Results suggest that a two hours delay in feeding can affect behaviour in cows, increasing behavioural patterns, which may be a sign of mild frustration

C. EDU, 4 marzo 2014, ricorsi nn. 18640/10, 18647/10, 18663/10, 10668/10 e 18698/10, Franzo Grande Stevens e altri c. Italia, in www.duitbase.it

The aim of this paper is to verify whether and to which extent a person is protected from the risk of trial and sentence duplication within the European judicial compass. To that end, we have analyzed the progressive development of the ne bis in idem principle in light of the different sources of national law and international treaty law in which it is included, and the newly emerging issues related to identifying the principle’s operative boundaries in the recent jurisprudential drafting

Recuperación crítica y devolución sistemática del retorno a la tierra de Orlando Fals Borda

The article meticulously reviews various primary, secondary and tertiary sources of the production of the master Fals Borda since 1953. It begins with his first academic work "Notes on the evolution of peasant dress in Central Colombia" until the last dissertation on March 28, 2008, in Memphis (Tennessee) on receiving the Malinowski Prize. The award was on a crucial issue: critical recovery and systematic return, as key tools of the IAP. This can be applied in the current context of great importance for the country: the overcoming of the conflict and the development in the construction of a post- conflict scenario.El artículo recorre de manera meticulosa en diversas fuentes primarias, secundarias y terciarias la producción del maestro Fals Borda desde 1953 con su primer trabajo académico “Notas sobre la evolución del vestido campesino en la Colombia central” hasta la última disertación del 28 de marzo del 2008 en Memphis (Tenesse) con motivo de haber recibido el Premio Malinowski. Se centra en un tema crucial: la recuperación crítica y la devolución sistemática, como herramientas claves de la IAP, que puedan aplicarse en el contexto actual de suma importancia para el país: la superación del conflicto y el avance en la construcción de un escenario de postconflicto