Projeto astronomia na escola com o grupo PIBID Física /UEL: 2014

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014O grupo atuante no projeto PIBID - Física /UEL-2014, participante do projeto “Astronomia aplicada no colégio” que foi criado com o intuito de ensinar Astronomia básica para alunos do ensino médio. O mesmo tem como objetivo fazer com que o aluno tenha contato com um ramo da ciência antiga e atual e também um pouco de astrofísica básica. São realizadas apresentações e estudos sobre o universo e seus componentes e posteriormente são feitas observações do céu. Os Alunos do PIBID orientam e explicam curiosidades a respeito dos corpos celestes (planetas, galáxias, luas e outros). Através do projeto cada vez mais se desperta o interesse dos alunos, provocando a curiosidade em física de diversos alunos dentro da sala de aul

IMPACTO DE LAS INTERVENCIONES NO FARMACOLÓGICAS EN EL SUENO DE INDIVIDUOS COM ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON - REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA

Objetivos: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva caracterizada por uma extensa disfunção nos sistemas monoaminérgicos. Ela é marcada pelo aparecimento de sintomas motores e não motores. Dentre esses sintomas, é comum que os pacientes com DP apresentem algum distúrbio do sono, o que pode ocasionar diminuição da qualidade de vida. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, elaborada segundo as recomendações do protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: Foram encontrados 527 trabalhos, dos quais 15 foram eliminados por duplicatas. Os 512 foram submetidos a leitura de título e resumo para a identificação dos critérios de inclusão, resultando em 9 trabalhos para compor a revisão, abordando como intervenções não farmacológicas: acupuntura, eletroacupuntura, yoga, exercício Qigong, estimulação magnética transcraniana repetitiva, estimulação cerebral profunda subtalâmica e intervenção cirúrgica. Conclusões: As intervenções não farmacológicas se apresentam como uma terapêutica complementar que pode colaborar com a minimização da medicalização do tratamento dos distúrbios do sono em pacientes com Parkinson. Entretanto, há poucos estudos que orientem a aplicação sistematizada destas práticas nos indivíduos com Parkinson.Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by extensive dysfunction in monoaminergic systems. It is marked by the appearance of motor and non-motor symptoms. Among these symptoms, it is common for patients with PD to have some kind of sleep disorder, which can lead to a decrease in quality of life. Methods: This is a systematic review of the literature, prepared according to the recommendations of the PRISMA protocol. Results: 527 papers were found, of which 15 were eliminated due to duplicates. The 512 were submitted to reading the title and abstract to identify the inclusion criteria, resulting in 9 works to compose the review, addressing as non-pharmacological interventions: acupuncture, electroacupuncture, yoga, Qigong exercise, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, subthalamic deep brain stimulation and surgical intervention. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological interventions are presented as a complementary therapy that can help minimize the medicalization of the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson's. However, there are few studies that guide the systematic application of these practices in individuals with Parkinson's.  Objetivos: La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa progresiva caracterizada por una extensa disfunción en los sistemas monoaminérgicos. Se caracteriza por la aparición de síntomas motores y no motores. Entre estos síntomas, es común que los pacientes con EP tengan algún tipo de trastorno del sueño, lo que puede llevar a una disminución en la calidad de vida. Métodos: Esta es una revisión sistemática de la literatura, realizada de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: Se encontraron 527 documentos, de los cuales se eliminaron 15 debido a duplicados. Los 512 se sometieron a la lectura del título y resumen para identificar los criterios de inclusión, lo que resultó en 9 trabajos para componer la revisión, que aborda intervenciones no farmacológicas como: acupuntura, electroacupuntura, yoga, ejercicio Qigong, estimulación magnética transcraneal repetitiva, estimulación cerebral profunda subtalámica y cirugía. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones no farmacológicas se presentan como una terapia complementaria que puede ayudar a minimizar la medicalización del tratamiento de los trastornos del sueño en pacientes con Parkinson. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que orienten la aplicación sistemática de estas prácticas en personas con Parkinson.Objetivos: A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença neurodegenerativa progressiva caracterizada por uma extensa disfunção nos sistemas monoaminérgicos. Ela é marcada pelo aparecimento de sintomas motores e não motores. Dentre esses sintomas, é comum que os pacientes com DP apresentem algum distúrbio do sono, o que pode ocasionar diminuição da qualidade de vida. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, elaborada segundo as recomendações do protocolo PRISMA. Resultados: Foram encontrados 527 trabalhos, dos quais 15 foram eliminados por duplicatas. Os 512 foram submetidos a leitura de título e resumo para a identificação dos critérios de inclusão, resultando em 9 trabalhos para compor a revisão, abordando como intervenções não farmacológicas: acupuntura, eletroacupuntura, yoga, exercício Qigong, estimulação magnética transcraniana repetitiva, estimulação cerebral profunda subtalâmica e intervenção cirúrgica. Conclusões: As intervenções não farmacológicas se apresentam como uma terapêutica complementar que pode colaborar com a minimização da medicalização do tratamento dos distúrbios do sono em pacientes com Parkinson. Entretanto, há poucos estudos que orientem a aplicação sistematizada destas práticas nos indivíduos com Parkinson.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Antibiotic Activity Potentiation and Physicochemical Characterization of the Fixed Orbignya speciosa Almond Oil against MDR Staphylococcus aureus and Other Bacteria

Orbignya speciosa (babassu) is an important palm tree in Brazil whose fixed almond oil is used in popular medicine and especially in food, in addition to being a research target for the manufacture of biofuels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fixed almond oil physicochemical characterization and its antibacterial activity in isolation and in association with aminoglycosides against standard and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Analyses such as water content, pH, acidity, peroxide index, relative density, and refractive index indicate the stability and chemical quality of the oil. In the oil’s GC/MS chemical composition analysis, a high saturated fatty acid (76.90%) content was observed. Lauric acid (56.28%) and oleic acid (23.10%) were the major oil components. In the antibacterial test, a more significant oil activity was observed against K. pneumoniae KP-ATCC 10031 (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 406.37 μg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (MIC = 812.75 μg/mL), but for the other strains—including standard and multi-resistant strains—the oil presented an MIC ≥ 1024 μg/mL. Furthermore, a synergistic effect was observed when the oil was associated with amikacin and gentamicin against S. aureus (SA-10) and an antagonistic effect was observed with amikacin against Escherichia coli. Data indicate the O. speciosa oil as a valuable nutritional source of lauric, oleic, and myristic fatty acids with an ability to modulate aminoglycoside activity

The Brazilian Soil Spectral Library (BSSL): A general view, application and challenges

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-15Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The present study was developed in a joint partnership with the Brazilian pedometrics community to standardize and evaluate spectra within the 350–2500 nm range of Brazilian soils. The Brazilian Soil Spectral Library (BSSL) began in 1995, creating a protocol to gather soil samples from different locations in Brazil. The BSSL reached 39,284 soil samples from 65 contributors representing 41 institutions from all 26 states. Through the BSSL spectra database, it was possible to estimate important soil attributes, such as clay, sand, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, pH and base saturation, resulting in differences among the multi-scale models taking Brazil (overall), regional and state scale. In general, spectral descriptive and quantitative behavior indicated important relationship with physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. Statistical analyses showed that six basic patterns of spectral signatures represent the Brazilian soils types and that environmental conditions explain the differences in spectra. This study demonstrates that spectroscopy analyses along with the establishment of soil spectral libraries are a powerful technique for providing information on a national and regional levels. We also developed an interactive online platform showing soil sample locations and their contributors. As soil spectroscopy is considered a fast, simple, accurate and nondestructive analytical procedure, its application may be integrated with wet analysis as an alternative to support the sustainable management of soils.Department of Soil Science Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) University of São Paulo (USP), Ave. Pádua Dias 11, Cx. Postal 9Department of Soil Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000Geographical Sciences Department Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Ac. Hélio Ramos, s/nDepartment of Agronomy State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790Department of Agriculture Biodiversity and Forestry Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi 3000 - Km 3Federal Rural University of Amazon, Ave. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine University of BrasíliaEMBRAPA - Solos, R. Antônio Falcão, 402, Boa ViagemCenter of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) USP, Av. Centenário 303CDRS/Secretary of Agriculture of São Paulo State, R. Campos Salles 507Department of Soils Federal University of Viçosa, Ave. Peter Henry Rolfs s/nEMBRAPA – Informática Agropecuária, Ave. André Tosello, 209Department of Nuclear Energy Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Luis Freire 1000Department of Geography Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Joaquim Gregório s/nAgronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Ave. Barão de Itapura 1481Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal Rural University of Amazônia, Ave. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, 66.077-830Department of Soil Science Federal University of LavrasFederal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367Department of Soils Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07 s/nSoil and Water Sciences Department University of Florida, 2181 McCarty Hallr, PO Box 110290EMBRAPA - Solos, R. Jardim Botânico, 1024Department of Soils and Fertilizers School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies São Paulo State University (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/nFederal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/nGraduate Program in Earth Sciences (Geochemistry) Department of Geochemistry Federal Fluminense University, Outeiro São João Batista, s/nFederal Institute of the Southeast of Minas Gerais, R. Monsenhor José Augusto 204Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Joaquim Gregório s/nFederal University of PiauíEMBRAPA Milho e Sorgo, Rod MG 424 Km 45Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal University of Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Valleys, Ave. Ver. João Narciso 1380Department of Biosystems Engineering ESALQ USP, Ave. Pádua Dias 11, Cx. Postal 9Federal University of Acre, Rodovia BR 364 Km 04Federal University of Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo O. J. Ramos 1200EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, BR-392, km 78Department of Agronomy Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Manuel de Medeiros s/nEMBRAPA Cocais, Quadra 11, Av. São Luís Rei de França 4Paraense Emílio Goeldi Museum, Av. Gov. Magalhães Barata 376Exata Laboratory, Rua Silvestre Carvalho Q 11Federal University of Rondônia, BR 364, Km 9.5Nacional Institute for Amazonian Research, Ave. André Araújo 2936Department of Forestry Sciences ESALQ-USP, Ave. Pádua Dias 11, Cx. Postal 9Department of Soils and Fertilizers School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies São Paulo State University (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/nFAPESP: 2014/22262-0FAPESP: 2016/26176-6FAPESP: 2017/03207-

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data