Ship-to-ship LNG Bunkering: Risk Assessment and Safety Zones

In this paper risk assessment for the ship to ship LNG bunkering is carried out by exploiting the results of the projects “SUstainability PERformance of LNG-based maritime mobility – PLUS” (SUPER-LNG PLUS) financed by Interreg-Adrion and the project “Risk management system for design and operation of installations for LNG refuelling” (TRiTON) financed by the Greek government. Ship to ship bunkering constitutes a simple method when storage tanks cannot be installed in the port areas. In brief, risk assessment is conducted in the following basic steps: a) assessment of plant damage states and their frequency of occurrence, b) assessment of consequences and c) risk integration. First, the Master Logic Diagram (MLD) technique is used to identify the initial events that create a disturbance in the installation and have the potential to lead to an LNG release during a ship to ship bunkering operation. Moreover, safety functions and systems for preventing LNG release, are identified and Event trees are developed to model the accident sequences which lead to damage states. By exploiting available failure rate data, the frequency of each damage state is estimated. In parallel, the consequences of LNG release are estimated based on the heat radiation or overpressure dose an individual receives. Finally, iso-risk contours are calculated by combining the frequencies of the various accidents with the corresponding consequences. A case study for a ship to ship bunkering in a Greek port is presented

RISK AND SAFETY ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL PLANTS. CASE STUDY: THE CATALYTIC REFORMING UNIT OF A REFINERY

THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS DISSERTATION ARE: 1. TO REVIEW AND EVALUATE THE METHODS FOR RISK AND SAFETY ANALYSIS WHICH WERE PRIMARY DEVELOPED FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT AND CHECK THEIR APPLICABILITY TO CHEMICAL INSTALLATIONS. 2. TO CONTRIBUTE TOTHE FORTHGOING OF SCIENCE IN THE DOMAIN OF RISK AND SAFETY ANALYSIS OF BY THEIMPROVEMENT OF THE DYLAM METHODOLOGY IN BOTH SENSES: FIRST IMPROVEMENT OF SOFTWARE AND SECOND ENLARGEMENT OF APPLICATION AREAS. 3. TO PRESENT A STANDARD RISKAND SAFETY ANALYSIS OF QUITE TYPICAL CHEMICAL PLANT SUCK AS THE NAPHTHA CATALYTIC REFORMING UNIT OF A REFINERY MODELLING ON THE ONE HAND THE CONSEQUENCES OF A PLAUSIBLE ACCIDENT AND HIGHLIGHTING ON THE OTHER THE STILL EXISTING METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS.Η ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΑΥΤΗ ΕΚΠΛΗΡΩΝΕΙ ΤΟΥΣ ΠΑΡΑΚΑΤΩ ΣΤΟΧΟΥΣ 1. ΑΞΙΟΛΟΓΕΙ ΤΙΣ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΥΣ ΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΣΦΑΛΕΙΑΣ ΠΟΥ ΕΧΟΥΝ ΑΝΑΠΤΥΧΘΕΙ ΔΙΕΘΝΩΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΠΙΣΗΜΑΙΝΕΙ ΕΚΕΙΝΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΜΠΟΡΕΙ ΝΑ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΣΤΟΥΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΝ ΙΔΙΟ ΤΥΠΟ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗΣ ΣΤΗ ΧΗΜΙΚΗ ΒΙΟΜΗΧΑΝΙΑ. 2. ΣΥΝΕΙΣΦΕΡΕΙ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΟΔΟ ΤΗΣ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΟΝΙΚΗΣ ΓΝΩΣΗΣ ΣΤΟ ΤΟΜΕΑ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗΣ ΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΣΦΑΛΕΙΑΣ ΜΕ ΤΗ ΒΕΛΤΙΩΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ DYLAM, ΤΟΣΟ ΑΠΟ ΑΠΟΨΗ ΛΟΓΙΣΜΙΚΟΥ ΟΣΟ ΚΑΙ ΑΠΟ ΑΠΟΨΗ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗΣ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΩΝ. 3. ΠΑΡΟΥΣΙΑΖΕΙ ΜΙΑ ΠΡΟΤΥΠΗ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΑΣΦΑΛΕΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ ΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΥ ΜΙΑΣ ΧΗΜΙΚΗΣ ΕΓΚΑΤΑΣΤΑΣΗΣ ΜΟΝΤΕΛΟΠΟΙΩΝΤΑΣ ΤΙΣ ΕΠΙΠΤΩΣΕΙΣ ΠΙΘΑΝΟΝ ΑΤΥΧΗΜΑΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΕΠΙΣΗΜΑΙΝΟΝΤΑΣ ΥΠΑΡΧΟΥΣΕΣ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΛΟΓΙΚΕΣ ΔΥΣΚΟΛΙΕΣ