Mps1 directs the assembly of Cdc20 inhibitory complexes during interphase and mitosis to control M phase timing and spindle checkpoint signaling

Cdc20 and Mad2 or Bub1 don’t come together in Mps1-null cells, resulting in a dramatic acceleration of anaphase onset (see also related papers by Hewitt et al. and Santaguida et al. in this issue)

Collaborative meta-analysis finds no evidence of a strong interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR genotype contributing to the development of depression

The hypothesis that the S allele of the 5-HTTLPR serotonin transporter promoter region is associated with increased risk of depression, but only in individuals exposed to stressful situations, has generated much interest, research, and controversy since first proposed in 2003. Multiple meta-analyses combining results from heterogeneous analyses have not settled the issue. To determine the magnitude of the interaction and the conditions under which it might be observed, we performed new analyses on 31 datasets containing 38 802 European-ancestry subjects genotyped for 5-HTTLPR and assessed for depression and childhood maltreatment or other stressful life events, and meta-analyzed the results. Analyses targeted two stressors (narrow, broad) and two depression outcomes (current, lifetime). All groups that published on this topic prior to the initiation of our study and met the assessment and sample size criteria were invited to participate. Additional groups, identified by consortium members or self-identified in response to our protocol (published prior to the start of analysis1) with qualifying unpublished data were also invited to participate. A uniform data analysis script implementing the protocol was executed by each of the consortium members. Our findings do not support the interaction hypothesis. We found no subgroups or variable definitions for which an interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR genotype was statistically significant. In contrast, our findings for the main effects of life stressors (strong risk factor) and 5-HTTLPR genotype (no impact on risk) are strikingly consistent across our contributing studies, the original study reporting the interaction, and subsequent meta-analyses. Our conclusion is that if an interaction exists in which the S allele of 5-HTTLPR increases risk of depression only in stressed individuals, then it is not broadly generalizable, but must be of modest effect size and only observable in limited situations

Habitat properties are key drivers of Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) prevalence in Ixodes ricinus populations of deciduous forest fragments

Background: The tick Ixodes ricinus has considerable impact on the health of humans and other terrestrial animals because it transmits several tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) such as B. burgdorferi (sensu lato), which causes Lyme borreliosis (LB). Small forest patches of agricultural landscapes provide many ecosystem services and also the disservice of LB risk. Biotic interactions and environmental filtering shape tick host communities distinctively between specific regions of Europe, which makes evaluating the dilution effect hypothesis and its influence across various scales challenging. Latitude, macroclimate, landscape and habitat properties drive both hosts and ticks and are comparable metrics across Europe. Therefore, we instead assess these environmental drivers as indicators and determine their respective roles for the prevalence of B. burgdorferi in I. ricinus. Methods: We sampled I. ricinus and measured environmental properties of macroclimate, landscape and habitat quality of forest patches in agricultural landscapes along a European macroclimatic gradient. We used linear mixed models to determine significant drivers and their relative importance for nymphal and adult B. burgdorferi prevalence. We suggest a new prevalence index, which is pool-size independent. Results: During summer months, our prevalence index varied between 0 and 0.4 per forest patch, indicating a low to moderate disservice. Habitat properties exerted a fourfold larger influence on B. burgdorferi prevalence than macroclimate and landscape properties combined. Increasingly available ecotone habitat of focal forest patches diluted and edge density at landscape scale amplified B. burgdorferi prevalence. Indicators of habitat attractiveness for tick hosts (food resources and shelter) were the most important predictors within habitat patches. More diverse and abundant macro- and microhabitat had a diluting effect, as it presumably diversifies the niches for tick-hosts and decreases the probability of contact between ticks and their hosts and hence the transmission likelihood.[br/] Conclusions: Diluting effects of more diverse habitat patches would pose another reason to maintain or restore high biodiversity in forest patches of rural landscapes. We suggest classifying habitat patches by their regulating services as dilution and amplification habitat, which predominantly either decrease or increase B. burgdorferi prevalence at local and landscape scale and hence LB risk. Particular emphasis on promoting LB-diluting properties should be put on the management of those habitats that are frequently used by humans. In the light of these findings, climate change may be of little concern for LB risk at local scales, but this should be evaluated further

The relational artwork and the antagonism

Udgangspunktet for at skrive denne opgave er interessen for at undersøge, hvorvidt det lykkes den relationelle kunst at indtage en kritisk position i dagens samfund. I en verdensorden, hvor kapitalismens varegørelse kan synes at have indoptaget kunstens kritiske potentiale, kan det være svært at forestille sig den position, hvorfra kunsten skulle have en reel politisk og social betydning. Ikke desto mindre er det min grundlæggende antagelse, at kunsten har og altid vil have en priviligeret mulighed for at opfordre beskueren til at stille spørgsmålstegn ved det bestående. På baggrund af en kritisk tekstanalyse af Nicolas Bourriauds essaysamling Esthetique Relationelle (1998) hvor blandt andre teoretikerne Claire Bishop, Stewart Martin og Grant Kester inddrages til en nuanceret diskussion. Samt gennem en analyse af værkerne It is What it Is, Conversations About Iraq og The American War. –Argumenterer jeg for, at den relationelle æstetik ikke formår at skabe en reel kritik af de sociale og politiske diskurser som omgiver os alle. Der efterlades dog et lille håb for kritikken idet Bishop, inspireret af den Belgiske teoretiker Chantal Mouffe, introducerer ideen om antagonismen som mulig kritikbærer.The primary foundation for writing this thesis originates from my interest in, whether or not there exists a critical potential, within the art form of relational aesthetics. In a World order, where capitalism seems to overshadow the critical potential within the arts, it can be difficult to imagine the position, from where art could have a significant influence in changing political and social issues. Regardless, it is my fundamental belief, that art will always have a privileged possibility of urging the viewer to question the existing. Grounded in a critical text analysis of Nicolas Bourriuads’ essay collection, Estetique Relationelle (1998), where, amongst other theorists, Clare Bishop, Stewart Martin and Grant Kester are implicated for a nuanced discussion. Accompanied by an analysis of the two relational works; It is What it Is, Conversations About Iraq and The American War, -This thesis argues that relational aesthetics does not succeed in creating a real critique of the social and political structures that surrounds us. Though, Bishop, inspired by the Belgian theorist Chantal Moueffe, introduces the idea of the antagonism as a possible critique carrier, and hereby leaves a fragment of hope for critique

Laborativ matematik : - Fem pedagogers syn på laborativ matematik

The students are usually eager to develop their mathematical learning. However, the Skolverket can see that this eagerness passes in the early years of school. A study shows that a varied mathematical education creates enthusiasm to learn, which can decrease the negative view of mathematics. The purpose of this study is to see how five pedagogues use laboratory mathematics, their approaches to laboratory mathematics as well as to find out their role in the laboratory education. The result of the study is based on interviews with the pedagogues, who are all teachers for students in year F-3. All of the pedagogues work in a laboratory way, but to different extents. The study shows that the pedagogues aim to make the mathematics as concrete and everyday as possible. The pedagogues use the laboratory way of working and materials in different ways and have slightly different views of what counts as laboratory material. Further, the study shows that there are more possibilities than obstacles with the laboratory way of working. The five pedagogues all agree that this way of working is beneficial for the pupils, especially for the students who are poor achievers. The possible obstacles raised by the pedagogues were lack of time and to some extend shortage of material. Two important factors within this way of working are communication and briefings

Kvalitetsarbete på fritidshem : En undersökning om fritidspedagogers kvalitetsarbete

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur fritidspedagoger ser på kvalitetsarbete samt ta reda på hur de går tillväga för att kvalitetsutveckla sin verksamhet. Vi vill även undersöka vilka förutsättningar fritidspedagogerna har för att kvalitetsutveckla sin verksamhet. Våra frågeställningar är följande: - Hur ser fritidspedagogerna på kvalitetsarbete? - Hur kvalitetsutvecklar fritidspedagogerna fritidsverksamheten? - Finns det likheter i fritidspedagogernas tillvägagångssätt i kvalitetsarbetet på olika skolor? - Hur ser fritidspedagogerna på sina förutsättningar för kvalitetsarbete? För att få svar på syfte och frågeställningar har vi använt oss av kvalitativ metod och intervjuer med fem fritidspedagoger. Resultatet visar att fritidspedagogerna tycker att det är viktigt att utvärdera sin verksamhet och sitt arbete. Fritidspedagogerna anser att kvalitet inte kan mätas fullt ut eftersom kvalitet har med upplevelser och värderingar att göra. De ser också många svårigheter med kvalitetsarbete, bland annat att mäta och utvärdera en del mål. Utvärdering görs muntligt samt skriftligt genom enkäter en gång om året. Fritidspedagogerna kvalitetsutvecklar verksamheterna på liknande sätt. Skillnader kan vara mål och fokus vid utvärderingar samt hur de synliggör arbetet för dem själva och för föräldrarna. Fritidspedagogerna upplever att de har stöd till kvalitetsredovisningen men saknar stöd i den dagliga verksamheten av rektorn. Nästan alla fritidspedagoger anser att de inte har tillräckligt med tid till utvärderingar. En del fritidspedagoger upplever att skolverksamhet utvärderas i högre grad än fritidsverksamhet

Trygghet - Fundamentet för en god övergång mellan förskola och förskoleklass : Förskollärares uppfattningar om samverkan

Validerat; 20160307 (global_studentproject_submitter

The correlation between core stability and dynamic balance in healthy young individuals : A pilot study

Introduktion: Balans definieras som förmågan att kontrollera tyngdpunkten i förhållande till understödsytan. Bålen är centrum av de kinetiska kedjorna och har en betydelsefull roll vid utförande och kvalitén på rörelser. Tidigare studier har föreslagit att bålstabilitetsträning har en positiv effekt på dynamisk balans. Nedsatt balans kan ge upphov till skador och rehabilitering av dessa sker ofta kliniskt. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka sambandet mellan bålstabilitet och dynamisk balans hos unga friska individer. Metod: Studien omfattade 8 försökspersoner. Förfrågan om medverkan sändes till sex klassgrupper med universitetsstudenter på Facebook. Dynamisk balans testades via star excursion balance test och bålstabiliteten testades via core muscle strength and stability test. Resultat: Mellan bålstabilitet och dynamisk balans vid stående på höger fot och sträckning av vänster fot, fanns ett måttligt positivt samband vid riktning posteriomedialt (r=0.63). Samt ett lågt positivt samband vid riktning posteriolateralt (r=0.35). Ett lågt negativt samband kunde ses vid stående på vänster fot och sträckning av höger fot, i den anteriora riktningen (r=-0.45). Konklusion: Samband kan antydas mellan bålstabilitet och dynamisk balans vid enstaka sträckriktningar och skiljer sig beroende på stödfot. Större studier behövs för vidare undersökning inom området

A Decolonial Approach to Comparing Bolivia and Sweden’s Positionality on Indigenous Rights

This study examines the concept of coloniality in relation to states' approach to indigenous people's rights, through the perspective of decoloniality. The two countries being compared are Bolivia and Sweden, two countries that differ in many ways. Indigenous peoples are living in the present time and have struggled since modern/Western interference in claiming their position and rights in the part of a reality of existing together. The states’ positioning towards indigenous peoples' rights is evidently contradicting depending on the context. Although international indigenous rights regimes are encouraging as well as setting new standards and norms, the challenges to fully implement them on a national level continue to exist.  Through a semi-systematic literature review, this study aims to analyze and compare how the two states (Bolivia and Sweden) position themselves towards indigenous rights. The theoretical framework for this study is based on decolonial reasoning and indigenous rights regimes, to determine what processes of coloniality are present. In Bolivia and Sweden, the context of indigenous challenges is markedly different, but this study strives to point to some similarities as also incongruencies and gaps when it comes to the state´s approach towards indigenous rights in the two countries