Microbial population in phyllosphere of mangroves grow in different salinity zones of Bhitarkanika (India).

Microbial population in phyllosphere of mangroves grow in different salinity zones of Bhitarkanika (India). The bacterial and fungal populations in phyllosphere of mangrove plants were investigated in order to evaluate differences in their occurrence associated with host species. Study sites included relatively undisturbed and purely mangrove area that were selected for sampling from both the low and intermediate salinity zones. Microbial population count was analyzed in 11 and 14 different and/or similar plant species from these two salinity zones. The maximum microbial population was observed in phyllosphere of low salinity zone. However, Crinum defixum L. was found to be most populated with bacteria among all other phyllosphere plant samples tested.Poblaciones microbianas de las hojas de manglares que crecen en zonas de diferente salinidad de Bhitarkanika (India). Se estudiaron las poblaciones de bacterias y hongos que se desarrollan sobre las hojas de manglares con el objeto de evaluar si había diferencias entre las especies hospedadoras. El estudio incluía manglares de áreas no alteradas, y se escogieron zonas que representasen valores de salinidad bajo (11 especies) y media (14 especies), respectivamente. El valor más alto de las poblaciones microbianas se detectó en hojas de manglares de la zona de baja salinidad, pero en la zona de salinidad media Crinum defixum L. fue la especie hospedadora con los niveles más altos de poblaciones bacterianas

Phosphate Solubilising Fungi from Mangroves of Bhitarkanika, Orissa

Mangroves have evolved several adaptations to swampy and saline environments. It is situated at the inter-phase between marine and terrestrial environment, which is highly productive providing nutrients to surrounding micro biota. Similar adaptive characteristics in the form and function may occur with the associated microflora in such environments. Several free living and symbiotic microorganisms occurred in such saline habitats and some of them are reported for their beneficial activity in mangrove ecosystem like biomineralization of organic matter and bio-transformation of minerals. In view of this, 106 fungi isolated from rhizosphere and phyllosphere of mangrove plants grown in Bhitarkanika, Orissa were screened on plate culture containing Pikovaskaya medium for the phosphate solubilization. Selected fungi were evaluated for their phosphate solubilization potential under different cultural conditions. A total of 36 fungi were isolated that showed variable halo zone on medium containing tricalcium phosphate when grown under different pH and temperature. The highest zone was formed by Aspergillus PF8 (63 mm) and Aspergillus PF127 (46.5 mm). The observation on tricalcium phosphate solubilization activity of Paecilomyces, Cladobotrytis, Helminthosporium is rare. However, a detailed and elaborative studies are needed to confirm better mineral solubilization potential of these fungi. Key words: mangrove, fungi, phosphat

BIOCHEMICAL & ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS USED FOR FOOD BY TRIBAL OF EASTERN INDIA

Objective: The main objective of this research was to analyze some selected indigenous wild edible mushrooms in Eastern India for their novel antioxidant components and their properties specifically used by primitive tribal groups of Eastern India.Methods: The antioxidant components were analyzed by standardized spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant properties were analyzed by DPPH Free radical scavenging & Reducing power ability assay.Results: The TPC (phenolic content) in the studied edible mushroom varied from 4.55 mg/g (Russula nigricans) to 0.9 mg/g GAE (Lentinus tuberigium). Measured in term of antioxidants Termitomyces group ranked higher than Russula and Volvariella sp. The scavenging effect of studied mushrooms on 1,1 DPPH varied from 61% to as high as 94%. On the other hand, reducing power (RPA) in methanolic extracts were in the order of T. clypeatus (4.21) T. heimi (2.20) ~R. breviceps (1.73) ~ Termitomyces eurrhizus (1.11) ~ T. rufum (1.07). Antioxidant potential inedible wild mushrooms are found to be on account of combinations of biochemicals, rather than any such significant individual components as TPC, AA, or alkaloid. Conclusion: This is for the first time wild edibles such as Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces eurrhizus, Termitomyces heimii, Russula brevipes, Tuber rufum, Russula nigricans, Volvariella volvaceae, Lentinus fusipes, Lentinus tuberigium and R. lepida from eastern India were observed, collected and subjected to nutritional and biochemical analysis. Of significance is the identification of Tuber rufum and Volvariella volvaceae growing wild as edible mushrooms which have not been profiled in the Indian context. The analysed mushroom especially Lentinus fusipes and Lentinus tuberigium was found valuable in terms of iron and calcium, besides having useful phytochemicals such as phenolics, ascorbic acid, carotenoids. Keywords: Deciduous forests, Orissa, Wild food, Phenolics, Ergosterol, Termitomyce

Solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate by microbes isolated from chromite, iron and manganese mines

Among 62 fungi and 253 bacteria obtained from heavy metal mines of Orissa (India) screened for phosphate solubilization properties, 12 fungi and 19 bacteria were found to solubilise tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Penicillium sp. 21 solubilised and released 81.48 mg PmL–1 whereas Penicillium sp. 2 showed better efficiency of rock phosphate solubilization and produced 4.87 mg PmL–1 into the liquid culture. Bacterial strains were comparatively poor solubilisers of TCPand rock phosphate in solid and liquid culture. The bacteria and fungi isolated from the mines of Orissa were endowed with phosphate solubilization properties. Phosphate solubilising fungi were acid producers and more efficient than bacterial isolates. Penicillium sp.21 and Penicillium sp. 2 were confirmed the best for TCP and rock phosphate solubilization

Response of <i>Albizia lebbek </i>and <i>Dalbergia sissoo </i>towards dual inoculation of Rhizobium and abuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1005-1011Growth performance of two forest tree species, Albizzia lebbek and Dalbergia sissoo was evaluated under field conditions for which seedlings were raised in sterilised soil inoculated with two Rhizobium R -Al and R -AcN and two arbuscular species namely , Glomus species 1 and Glomus species 2 in earthen pots, separately. Effects of various inoculations on growth of plants including, shoot height, root length ,number of leaves, dry biomass of shoot, root and leaf , numberand, biomass or nodule were studied. Biochemical effects of these symbionts were also determined in plant tissue for the status of protein and sugar level. In general Rhizobium and/or arbuscular inoculations was found to enhance the growth with respect to height, biomass and nodule status. Under experimental conditions, enhanced level or growth was observed in plant treated with Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhiza both. The necessity for the preinoculation of these symbiotic organisms at nursery stage of D. sissoo and A. lebbek for better plantation results is discussed

Откриване На Различни Морфотипове Streptomyces exfoliatus В Мангрови Екосистеми В Бхитарканика, Ориса, Индия

Ten strains of genus Streptomyces were isolated from phyllosphere of three mangrove tree species viz., Sonneratia caseolaris , Kandelai candel and Exoecocaria aggallocha found in Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosytem of Orissa. According to physiological and biochemical data, all ten isolates were taxonomically assigned to the species Streptomyces exfoliatus . However, all the strains varied morphologically and exhibited different extracellular activity. This is a unique report on this mangrove ecosystem as far as Streptomyces occurrence is concerned.От филосферата на три мангрови дървета, Sonneratia caseolaris , Kandelai candel и Exoecocaria aggallocha , намиращи се в мангровата екосистема на Бхитарканика, Ориса, са изолирани десет щама от род Streptomyces . Въз основа на физиологичните и биохимичните им характеристики, те са отнесени таксономично към вида Streptomyces exfoliatus . Щамовете варират морфологично и проявяват различна екстрацелуларна активност. Това е първото съобщение за установяване на представители на род Streptomyces в тази мангрова екосистема

Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in Banana Cultivars of Assam India

Endophytic fungal isolates (139 no.) were obtained from 143 (62 roots, 18 fruits and 54 leaves) samples of 15 different varieties of banana collected from 10 sites in Assam, India during 2018-2019. Overall isolation frequency from surface-sterilized tissue ranged from 10%-80% (as per site) and 6%-70% (as per variety of banana). All isolates were segregated into 40 different types on the basis of macromorphological and micro morphological characteristics. Forty different fungal taxa were isolated belonging to 14 genera including Absidia, Arthrinium, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Dendrophion, Fusarium, Humicola, Mortierella, Mucor, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, Verticillium and one mycelium sterile. Among them, Cladosporium cladosporioidies and Paecilomyces sp. frequently occurred in most of the sites surveyed whereas Cladospoirum cladosporioides and Aspergillus sp. 8, Fusarium graminseram were most frequently isolated from different varieties. However, all sites differed in their fungal diversity. Banana samples from Narigoan and Jorhat have been found with maximum fungal species followed by marigoan samples so as to Banana varieties Amrit Sagar endowed 27 no. of fungi followed by Jehaji and Honda which were associated with a maximum 14 fungal sp. Isolation frequency and relative abundance of Cladosporium cladosporiodes (80%, 4.6), Paecilomyces farinosus (80%, 4.6) followed by Penicillium ruburm, Aspergillus sp. 8 &amp; 9 (70%, 4.02) were recorded as maximum comparatively in different sites. However, Aspergillus sp. 8, Mortieralla sp. and Pacilomyces farinosus are isolated frequently from different banana varieties (73.33%, 4.93)

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Media optimization, extraction, purification and characterization of exopolysaccharide from Fusarium proliferatum: A novel source bioactive polysaccharide

Polysaccharides from fungal source have been proved to be effective in different plethora of biomedical fields. The present study was carried out on exopolysaccharide (EPS) production by Fusarium proliferatum, considered novel fungus as no reports on its EPS production capability has been reported yet. The main objective of this study was to optimize media for better EPS production extracellularly under submerged culture conditions. Among all malt extract broth was selected as favorable medium for EPS yielding 81.4 ± 0.48 mg/l. Optimization revealed 9 days of incubation period, pH 6.0 and temperature 25 °C best for the growth and EPS yield. The medium 12 out of sixteen media was selected as best for the EPS yield which was ensured by various permutation and combinations of chemical factors. The optimized medium includes: malt extract medium (basal medium), xylose 4%, glucose 4%, tryptophan 0.1%, olive oil 3%, Tween 80 0.2%, vitamin C 0.2%, K2HPO4 0.2%, CaCl2 0.5%, pH 6.0, incubation period of 9 days at temperature 25 °C yielding 4067 ± 153.08 mg/l of EPS. HPTLC, FTIR and LCMS analysis exhibited the monomeric composition of maltose, fructose, xylose, galactose, glucose, raffinose and sorbose with functional group of –OH, C=O, C–O–C, C–O, –C–H, COO– with glycosidic likanges and suggested the production of glycan by these fungi. Owing to the existing reports of anti-cancerous property of β-Glycan an in-silico investigation was carried out to which indicatedits higher reactivity and lower binding affinityin comparison to imatinib, an oral chemotherapy drug to treat cancer