TÍNH CHẤT QUANG CỦA DUNG DỊCH CACBON NANO CHẾ TẠO TỪ HẠT ĐẬU XANH

In this study, we synthesized carbon nanodots (CDs) from mung bean with the hydrothermal method. The average diameter of the CDs is 13.8 nm. The UV-vis absorption spectrum shows a characteristic peak at l = 280 nm, corresponding to the n → p* transition in the C=O bonds. The obtained CDs exhibit a broad emission spectrum ranging from 320 to 460 nm under different excitation wavelengths. Furthermore, by using the comparative method and quinine sulfate as a reference, we obtained a quantum yield of 12.18%. This quantum yield is relatively high compared with that of other precursors.Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi tiến hành chế tạo vật liệu hạt cacbon nano (CDs) từ hạt đậu xanh bằng phương pháp thủy nhiệt. Vật liệu CDs chế tạo được có đường kính trung bình d = 13,8 nm. Kết quả khảo sát phổ hấp thụ cho thấy đỉnh đặc trưng ở bước sóng l = 280 nm, ứng với chuyển dịch    n → π* của liên kết C=O. Các hạt CDs phát bức xạ dạng phổ rộng trong vùng 320–460 nm khi thay đổi bước sóng kích thích. Hơn nữa, sử dụng quinine sulfate làm dung dịch đối chứng và áp dụng phương pháp so sánh, chúng tôi đã bước đầu tính được giá trị hiệu suất lượng tử của dung dịch cacbon nano (12,18%). Đây là giá trị hiệu suất lượng tử khá cao khi so sánh với hạt cacbon nano chế tạo từ các nguồn nguyên liệu khác

Genetic study of congenital bile-duct dilatation identifies de novo and inherited variants in functionally related genes

Background: Congenital dilatation of the bile-duct (CDD) is a rare, mostly sporadic, disorder that results in bile retention with severe associated complications. CDD affects mainly Asians. To our knowledge, no genetic study has ever been conducted. Methods: We aim to identify genetic risk factors by a “trio-based” exome-sequencing approach, whereby 31 CDD probands and their unaffected parents were exome-sequenced. Seven-hundred controls from the local population were used to detect gene-sets significantly enriched with rare variants in CDD patients. Results: Twenty-one predicted damaging de novo variants (DNVs; 4 protein truncating and 17 missense) were identified in several evolutionarily constrained genes (p < 0.01). Six genes carrying DNVs were associated with human developmental disorders involving epithelial, connective or bone morphologies (PXDN, RTEL1, ANKRD11, MAP2K1, CYLD, ACAN) and four linked with cholangio- and hepatocellular carcinomas (PIK3CA, TLN1 CYLD, MAP2K1). Importantly, CDD patients have an excess of DNVs in cancer-related genes (p < 0.025). Thirteen genes were recurrently mutated at different sites, forming compound heterozygotes or functionally related complexes within patients. Conclusions: Our data supports a strong genetic basis for CDD and show that CDD is not only genetically heterogeneous but also non-monogenic, requiring mutations in more than one genes for the disease to develop. The data is consistent with the rarity and sporadic presentation of CDD

Review on membrane module configurations used for membrane distillation process

Nowadays, with the salient advantages of the seawater desalination process, membrane distillation (MD) technology has received increased interests to achieve desalination application. As a heat-based technology, by using the hydrophobic membrane, MD provides high efficiency in the desalination process of seawater, RO water and other solutes with high concentrations of dissolved solids. Besides, this is an alternative technology to significantly reduce the environmental impacts of traditional desalination technologies commonly used, such as distillation or reverse osmosis. In many factors affecting the desalination capacity of the membrane distillation system, membrane module configuration has a strong influence in evaluating the economic and technical efficiency of the technology. This review aims to assess the suitability of MD technology under different perspectives on the current types of membrane module configurations that include flat sheet, tubular, hollow fibre and spiral wound membranes. In addition, the evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the membrane module configurations will guide further studies to improve the shortcomings of existing MD technologies

Hydrogen production by newly isolated Clostridium species from cow rumen in pure- and co-cultures on a broad range of carbon sources

Three novel hydrogen-generating strains, ST1, ST4, and ST5, were isolated from the rumen of cow in Vietnam, and respectively identified as Clostridium beijerinckii ST1, Clostridium bifermentans ST4, and Clostridium butyricum ST5, based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis and physiobiochemical characteristics. The dark fermentative hydrogen production of these isolated Clostridium strains was performed and characterized in both pure- and co-cultures from various carbon sources including sucrose, glucose, lactose, xylose, molasses, cassava stumps, and rice distillers wet grains with soluble. The highest hydrogen production was achieved from a co-culture with three Clostridium strains. To optimize the operational conditions of temperature, time, and substrate concentration for the high-level production of hydrogen, response surface methodology in a Box-Behnken design was used. The results revealed a maximum hydrogen production of 1.13 ± 0.015 L H2/L medium by the three-strain co-culture under the following fermentation conditions: 11.63 g/L sucrose, 36.1 °C, in 51.13 h

Targeted next-generation sequencing on hirschsprung disease: A pilot study exploits DNA pooling

To adopt an efficient approach of identifying rare variants possibly related to Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), a pilot study was set up to evaluate the performance of a newly designed protocol for next generation targeted resquencing. In total, 20 Chinese HSCR patients and 20 Chinese sex-matched individuals with no HSCR were included, for which coding sequences (CDS) of 62 genes known to be in signaling pathways relevant to enteric nervous system development were selected for capture and sequencing. Blood DNAs from eight pools of five cases or controls were enriched by PCR-based RainDance technology (RDT) and then sequenced on a 454 FLX platform. As technical validation, five patients from case Pool-3 were also independently enriched by RDT, indexed with barcode and sequenced with sufficient coverage. Assessment for CDS single nucleotide variants showed DNA pooling performed well (specificity/sensitivity at 98.4%/83.7%) at the common variant level; but relatively worse (specificity/sensitivity at 65.5%/61.3%) at the rare variant level. Further Sanger sequencing only validated five out of 12 rare damaging variants likely involved in HSCR. Hence more improvement at variant detection and sequencing technology is needed to realize the potential of DNA pooling for large-scale resequencing projects. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd/University College London.postprin

RET Mutational Spectrum in Hirschsprung Disease: Evaluation of 601 Chinese Patients

Rare (RVs) and common variants of the RET gene contribute to Hirschsprung disease (HSCR; congenital aganglionosis). While RET common variants are strongly associated with the commonest manifestation of the disease (males; short-segment aganglionosis; sporadic), rare coding sequence (CDS) variants are more frequently found in the lesser common and more severe forms of the disease (females; long/total colonic aganglionosis; familial)

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

PHÂN LẬP VÀ SÀNG LỌC MỘT SỐ CHỦNG NẤM MỐC PHỤC VỤ CHO NGHIÊN CỨU TẠO DÒNG VÀ BIỂU HIỆN GEN PECTINASE

Pectinase, an enzyme that degrades pectin, is widely used in the food processing industry for wall softening and extraction of fruit juices; it supports filtering and making fruit juices and wine. From the peels of some fruits rich in pectin, we isolated and screened 113 strains of highly pectinase-active moulds and designated as M1–M113. The number of moulds capable to hydrolyse pectin in the samples ranged from 6,3×103 CFU/g to 35,1×103 CFU/g. Two strains, namely M45 and M68, were selected; they showed a strong pectinase activity of 110,2 U/mL and 98,5 U/mL, respectively. The ITS sequencing method revealed that the M45 strain wasidentified as Aspergillus oryzae and the M68 strain as Aspergillus flavus. The ITS sequences of strain A. oryzae (M45) and strain A. flavus (M68) were registered in GenBank with accession number MH746006 and MH746007, respectively.Pectinase là enzyme xúc tác sự thủy phân pectin, được sử dụng rộng rãi trong công nghiệp chế biến thực phẩm để làm mềm vách tế bào, tăng quá trình ly trích các loại nước ép trái cây; hỗ trợ quá trình lọc và làm trong các loại nước ép trái cây, rượu vang. Từ một số loại vỏ củ, quả giàu pectin chúng tôi đã phân lập và sàng lọc được 113 chủng nấm mốc có hoạt tính pectinase cao được kí hiệu M1–M113. Số lượng nấm mốc có khả năng phân giải pectin dao động từ 6,3×103 đến 35,1×103 CFU/g. Đã tuyển chọn được 2 chủng nấm mốc M45 và M68 có hoạt tính pectinase mạnh với hoạt độ chung lần lượt là 110,2 U/mL và 98,5 U/mL. Bằng phương pháp giải trình tự vùng ITS, chủng M45 được định danh là Aspergillus oryzae và chủng M68 là Aspergillus flavus. Các trình tự ITS của hai chủng A. oryzae 45 và A. flavus M68 đã được đăng ký trên GenBank với mã số lần lượt là MH746006 và MH746007

Distal duplication of chromosome 16q22.1q23.1 in a Vietnamese patient with midface hypoplasia and intellectual disability

International audienc

Drug resistance and the genotypic characteristics of and in rifampicin- and/or isoniazid-resistant isolates in central Vietnam

Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) are national health burdens in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of rifampicin (RIF) and/or isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide, INH) resistance in patients with suspected TB, and applied appropriate techniques to help rapidly target DR-TB. Methods In total, 1,547 clinical specimens were collected and cultured using the BACTEC MGIT system (Becton Dickinson and Co.). A resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) was used to determine the proportions of RIF and/or INH resistance. A real-time polymerase chain reaction panel with TaqMan probes was employed to identify the mutations of rpoB and katG associated with DR-TB in clinical isolates. Genotyping of the identified mutations was also performed. Results A total of 468 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were identified using the REMA. Of these isolates, 106 (22.6%) were found to be resistant to 1 or both antibiotics. Of the resistant isolates, 74 isolates (69.8%) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only, while 1 isolate (0.94%) was resistant to RIF only. Notably, 31 isolates (29.2%) were resistant to both antibiotics. Of the 41 phenotypically INH-resistant isolates, 19 (46.3%) had the Ser315Thr mutation. There were 8 different rpoB mutations in 22 (68.8%) of the RIF-resistant isolates. The most frequently detected mutations were at codons 531 (37.5%), 526 (18.8%), and 516 (6.3%). Conclusion To help prevent new cases of DR-TB in Vietnam, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the genotypic DR-TB isolates