Estudio de genes codificantes de proteínas de reserva, mapeo genético, análisis de QTLs y estudio de genes de resitencia a "Ascochyta lentis" en "Lens"

252 p.La tesis doctoral se centra en el estudio de distintas características que afectan a la lenteja cultivada (Lens culinaris) por su importancia en la alimentación humana al ser una de las primeras leguminosas domesticada y estar implantada en amplias zonas del subcontinente de la India y en ciertas regiones del Mediterráneo. Los distintos estudios que la forman se centran en analizar los aspectos que afectan negativamente al desarrollo de la planta y en cómo favorecer la obtención de un alto rendimiento y semilla de calidad, especialmente con un contenido proteico alto y equilibrado en su composición de aminoácidos. Para el desarrollo de la presente tesis, como material vegetal de trabajo se utilizaron distintas variedades de lenteja cultivada (Lens culinaris culinaris ) y su antecesor silvestre (L. culinaris orientalis) que se caracterizarán para su resitencia a sequía y al hongo Ascochyta lentis. También se utilizaron poblaciones segregantes formadas por un conjunto de líneas consanguíneas recombinantes obtenidas en el laboratorio de Genética de la Universidad de Leó

Level of Physical Activity in Adolescents who Attend Secondary School in Lima Institute

Foundation: the lack of physical activity is linked to high levels of sedentary behavior, which constitutes an important risk factor for the development of chronic diseases such as: overweight and obesity, which in adolescents has become a health problem worldwide. Objective: to determine the level of physical activity of the students of the secondary level of a public school in Lima. Method: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in which students between the ages of 12 and 17 enrolled in the 2019 school year were included. The population consisted of 470 high school students from the Institución Educativa Simón Bolívar school in the Palomino Urbanization of Cercado de Lima. The Inventory of Habitual Physical Activity for Adolescents and the eating behaviors module of the World Health Survey of Schoolchildren were applied. Simple random probabilistic sampling was used. Results: 52.3 % of the patients were male, the most frequent age range was 13 to 15 years with 70.1 %. Most presented a normal nutritional status (83.3 %). The level of habitual physical activity was mostly moderate with 62 % followed by low with 19.5 % and high with 18.3 %. Conclusions: the level of total habitual physical activity presented by the students of this educational institution is moderate, which does not meet the recommended levels of physical activity for children and adolescents

Multirresistencia en Escherichia coli asociada a Betalactamasas de Espectro Extendido en urocultivos obtenidos en pacientes de una provincia de la Amazonía Peruana

Background: Beta-lactam antibiotics are the most used in the treatment of urinary infections in Peru. Bacterial resistance is frequently produced by the presence of Extended Spectrum Betalactamases (ESBL) in Enterobacteriaceae. Objective: To determine the multi-resistance in E. coli associated to extended spectrum beta-lactamases in urine cultures from adults residing in the province of Tambopata-Madre De Dios. The study: Non-experimental, descriptive study, detection and confirmation of ESBL was performed with the double disc technique using ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefepime, aztreonam and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. Microbial resistance and susceptibility was identified using the diffusion disk technique. Findings: 162 strains of E. coli were isolated. Strains with resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin (71%), trimethoprine sulfamethoxazole (49%), ciprofloxacin acid (37%), nalidixic acid (37%) and aztreonam (31%) were identified. Conclusion: There is antimicrobial resistance mediated by ESBL-producing strains of E. coli.Introducción: Los antibióticos betalactámicos son los más utilizados en el tratamiento de las infecciones urinarias en el Perú. La resistencia bacteriana se produce frecuentemente por la presencia de Betalactamasas de Espectro Extendido (BLEE) en enterobacterias. Objetivo: Determinar la multirresistencia en E. coli asociada a betalactamasas de espectro extendido en urocultivos de adultos que residen en la provincia de Tambopata-Madre De Dios. El estudio: Estudio no experimental, descriptivo, la detección y la confirmación de BLEE se realizó con la técnica de doble disco usando ceftazidima, cefotaxima, cefepime, aztreonam y amoxicilina más ácido clavulánico. La resistencia y susceptibilidad microbiana se identificó usando la técnica de disco de difusión. Hallazgos: Se aislaron 162 cepas de E. coli. Se identificaron cepas con resistencia a los antibióticos ampicilina (71%), trimetoprim sulfametoxazol (49%), ácido ciprofloxacino (37%), ácido nalidíxico (37%) y aztreonam (31%). Conclusión: Existe resistencia antimicrobiana mediada por cepas de E. coli productoras BLEE

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Association between Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults from a Comprehensive Care Center in Lima

Background: the mental and cognitive health of older adults can present changes related to aging. Depression often leads to cognitive impairment, conditions that must be identified for timely detection and prevention of damage.Objective: to determine the association between the level of depression and cognitive impairment in older adults from a comprehensive care center in the city of Lima, Perú.Methods: a cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out in adults over 60 years of age, attending a center for the elderly in Lima, between January and July 2017. Cognitive deterioration was considered the dependent variable and the independent variables were depression and characteristics. sociodemographic. Descriptive statistics were performed based on the calculation of frequencies, percentages, dispersion and measures of central tendency. To find the association between the independent variables and cognitive impairment, the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used. The calculations were made with a confidence level of 95 %.Results: the average age was 67.4±7.4 years. 20.7 % presented depression and 31.0 % cognitive impairment. In the bivariate analysis, it was found that the age of 70 years or more (p&lt;0.001; OR=23.0 I.C. [6.68-79.15]), the educational level not superior (p=0.015; OR=4, 63 95% CI [1.25-17.16] and depression (p=0.012; OR=3.82 95% CI [1.3-11.24]) were associated with cognitive impairment. that only age was associated with cognitive impairment (p&lt;0.001; OR=24.93 CI95 % [6.04-97.74]).Conclusions: older age, low educational level and depression were associated with cognitive impairment, of these factors, only age 70 years or older was an independent factor associated with cognitive impairment.</p

Analysis of 27 Y-chromosomal STR loci of the Mestizo Peruvian population

BackgroundY-chromosome-specific short tandem repeat markers reside on the non-recombinant portion of the Y chromosome and are paternally inherited. These properties make Y-STRs a useful tool in investigations of sexual assault and other violent crimes, paternity cases, genealogical testing, and evolutionary studies. Native populations reside in the Peruvian coast, mountains, and jungle; however, the Mestizos are the largest population group in Peru.ResultsOf the 290 samples, 283 distinct haplotypes were observed. Gene diversities for each Y-STR marker ranged from 0.4271 to 0.8597. The haplotype diversity for the total sample was 0.9964.ConclusionsGenetic affinity was identified between the Peruvian Mestizo population and other Peruvian populations (except Jivaro, Awajun, and Shipibo-Conibo populations) and Bolivian Mestizo populations using multidimensional scaling and phylogenetic tree analysisPeer reviewe

Efecto hipoglicemiante de la canela cinnamomun verum j.Presl en ratas inducidas a hiperglicemia con estreptozocina

ABSTRACT The cinnamon Cinnamomun verum J.Presl is an evergreen tree from Sri Lanka. Various properties have been attributed to it, one of them being the reduction of the glucose level, therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of cinnamon Cinnamomun verum J.Presl, which grows in the Huyro district (Convention Province, Cusco-Peru) at an altitude of 1524 masl. Cinnamon was collected (leaves, fruit and stem), its taxonomic classification was carried out and with the collected samples the aqueous extract was used that was used to perform the phytochemical screening, bromatological analysis and to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity (in concentrations 60 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg) in rats induced by hyperglycemia with streptozocin. A significant decrease in blood glucose level was observed in rats treated with the aqueous cinnamon extract.La canela Cinnamomun verum J.Presl es un árbol de hoja perenne proveniente de Sri Lanka. Se le han atribuido diversas propiedades, siendo una de ellas la reducción del nivel de glucosa, por ello el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto hipoglicemiante de la canela Cinnamomun verum J.Presl que crece en el distrito de Huyro (Provincia de la Convención, Cusco-Perú) a una altitud de 1524 msnm. Se colectó canela (hojas, fruto y tallo), se realizó su clasificación taxonómica y con las muestras colectadas se realizó el extracto acuoso que fue empleado para realizar el tamizaje fitoquímico, análisis bromatológico y para evaluar la actividad hipoglicemiante (en concentraciones 60 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg y 150 mg/kg) en ratas inducidas a hiperglicemia con estreptozocina. Se observó una disminución significativa del nivel de glucosa en sangre en las ratas tratadas con el extracto acuoso de canela

Efecto hipoglicemiante de la canela cinnamomun verum j.Presl en ratas inducidas a hiperglicemia con estreptozocina

La canela Cinnamomun verum J.Presl es un árbol de hoja perenne proveniente de Sri Lanka. Se le han atribuido diversas propiedades, siendo una de ellas la reducción del nivel de glucosa, por ello el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto hipoglicemiante de la canela Cinnamomun verum J.Presl que crece en el distrito de Huyro (Pro- vincia de la Convención, Cusco-Perú) a una altitud de 1524 msnm. Se colectó canela (hojas, fruto y tallo), se realizó su clasificación taxonómica y con las muestras colectadas se realizó el extracto acuoso que fue empleado para reali- zar el tamizaje fitoquímico, análisis bromatológico y para evaluar la actividad hipoglicemiante (en concentraciones 60 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg y 150 mg/kg) en ratas inducidas a hiperglicemia con estreptozocina. Se observó una disminución significativa del nivel de glucosa en sangre en las ratas tratadas con el extracto acuoso de canela

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

International audienceThe Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/$c$ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm0.6$% and 84.1$\pm0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation

Reconstruction of interactions in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector with Pandora

International audienceThe Pandora Software Development Kit and algorithm libraries provide pattern-recognition logic essential to the reconstruction of particle interactions in liquid argon time projection chamber detectors. Pandora is the primary event reconstruction software used at ProtoDUNE-SP, a prototype for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector. ProtoDUNE-SP, located at CERN, is exposed to a charged-particle test beam. This paper gives an overview of the Pandora reconstruction algorithms and how they have been tailored for use at ProtoDUNE-SP. In complex events with numerous cosmic-ray and beam background particles, the simulated reconstruction and identification efficiency for triggered test-beam particles is above 80% for the majority of particle type and beam momentum combinations. Specifically, simulated 1 GeV/$c$ charged pions and protons are correctly reconstructed and identified with efficiencies of 86.1$\pm0.6$% and 84.1$\pm0.6$%, respectively. The efficiencies measured for test-beam data are shown to be within 5% of those predicted by the simulation