Evaluation of nutritional care of overweight adults from the perspective of comprehensive health care

Objective: Describe and evaluate the nutritional care provided for overweight adults by the Primary and Secondary Health Care services of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This study was carried out between 2013 and 2015 integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches; it was divided into two phases: (1) characterization and (2) evaluation. In phase 1, a census of Primary Health Care Units (n=28) and Secondary Health Care Units (n=4) was conducted using interviews with health service managers and/or health professionals. Data were analyzed using exploratory data analysis. In phase 2, in-depth interviews were conducted with health service managers and/or health professionals investigating a sample of the Primary Health Care services and the totality of Secondary Health Care services provided. Thematic analysis was carried out using the theoretical framework for comprehensive health care proposed by Pinheiro & Mattos. Results: A total of 40 professionals were interviewed: 36 in the primary health care services and 4 in the secondary health care services. Nutritional care in the Primary Care services is focused on individual care and referrals to other services; nutrition diagnosis and health promotion occur only when overweight is associated with another disease. It was observed that the referral and counter-referral system and intersectorial collaborations were ineffective. In Secondary Care services, nutritional care is focused on clinical care using traditional approaches to nutrition education. Limiting factors for promoting comprehensive care were identified at the two levels of care: unproductive actions, lack of actions for health promotion and protection, and little dialogue between the Primary and Secondary care services. Conclusion: Overweight is not an outcome based on Primary and Secondary Care, but rather on prescriptive practices, which are not very effective in promoting users’ autonomy. It is necessary to guide the actions taken in these two levels of care to ensure the promotion of effective nutritional care.Objetivo: Descrever e avaliar a atenção nutricional aos adultos com excesso de peso, na Atenção Primária e Secundária à Saúde, em Santos, São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo de caráter quanti e qualitativo, realizado entre 2013 e 2015, em duas etapas: diagnóstico (1) e avaliação (2). Na etapa 1, fez-se um censo dos serviços de Atenção Primária e Secundária (n=28) e Atenção Secundária a Saúde (n=4), entrevistando gestores e/ou profissionais; realizou-se análise exploratória dos dados. Na etapa 2, entrevistaram-se, em profundidade, gestores e/ou profissionais com uma amostra dos serviços da Atenção Primária a Saúde e a totalidade dos de Atenção Secundária a Saúde; realizou-se análise temática, utilizando o referencial teórico de integralidade segundo Pinheiro & Mattos. Resultados: Entrevistaram-se 40 profissionais: 36 na Atenção Primária a Saúde e quatro na Atenção Secundária a Saúde. A atenção nutricional na Atenção Primária a Saúde, restringe-se ao atendimento individual, com encaminhamento a outro ponto; diagnóstico nutricional e ações de promoção da saúde só ocorrem quando o excesso de peso se associa a outra doença; verificaram-se fragilidades na referência e contrarreferência e na efetivação da intersetorialidade. Na Atenção Secundária a Saúde, a atenção nutricional direciona-se ao atendimento clínico, utilizando abordagens tradicionais de educação alimentar. Nos dois pontos de atenção identificaram-se fatores limitantes da integralidade: ações fragmentadas; ausência de ações de promoção e proteção da saúde e pouco diálogo entre a Atenção Primária a Saúde e Atenção Secundária a Saúde. Conclusão: O excesso de peso não é um desfecho pautado na Atenção Primária a Saúde e, na Atenção Secundária a Saúde, pauta-se por práticas prescritivas, pouco potentes para promover a autonomia dos sujeitos. Faz-se necessário reorientar as ações nesses dois pontos de atenção, para qualificar a atenção nutricional.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Saude & Soc, Programa Posgrad Alimentos Nutr & Saude, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Saude & Soc, Dept Polit Publ & Saude Colet, R Silva Jardim 136, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Saude & Soc, Programa Posgrad Alimentos Nutr & Saude, Santos, SP, BraziUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Saude & Soc, Dept Polit Publ & Saude Colet, R Silva Jardim 136, BR-11015020 Santos, SP, BrazilCNPq: 486017_2011-7Web of Scienc

Modernidade e gestão da velhice

Este trabalho pretende encaminhar a discussão da velhice em dois grandes planos: o primeiro procura analisar as condições de experiência da velhice na actualidade. O segundo insiste na exploração das formas de dominação de modelos de comportamento social entrincheirados na estrutura económica, social e política da sociedade que se abatem sobre esse mesmo idoso

School aged anthropometry when enrolling in the first grade of elementary school in the city of Belém, Pará, 2001

OBJECTIVES: to perform anthropometric measurements in elementary school students of the public school system of the State of Belém, Pará, as a tool for nutritional surveillance and to study associations between nutritional status and biological, social and economic characteristics. METHODS: 793 students were assessed for their nutritional status, by z scores of height/age and weight /height according to the World Health Organization criteria. Biological, social and economic variables were: gender, age, place of birth, age of school enrolment and maternal education level. The chi square test was used to relate nutritional status to variables. RESULTS: of the 637 students assessed, 16.6% were of low stature or in risk of low stature, 4.5% malnourished or in risk of malnourishment, 7.4% were overweight or obese. There was no significant association between nutritional status and gender. The majority of the children was born in the capital, was enrolled late in school and had mothers with education level of >4 years. There was a significant correlation between obesity and low stature with low maternal education level; malnutrition risk and low stature with late school enrolment; and obesity and normal stature with regular enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: low maternal school level and late school enrollment are associated to nutritional problems. School nutritional surveillance is important to assess, treat and prevent children's health and nutrition risks.OBJETIVOS: realizar a antropometria em escolares da primeira série da rede pública estadual em Belém, Pará, como instrumento de vigilância nutricional e estudar as associações entre o estado nutricional e características biológicas e socioeconômicas. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados nutricionalmente 793 escolares, pelos escores z de estatura/idade e peso/estatura, segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde. As variáveis biológicas e socioeconômicas foram: sexo, idade, naturalidade, idade de ingresso da criança na escola e escolaridade materna. Utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado ao relacionar o estado nutricional com as variáveis. RESULTADOS: em 637 escolares observamos 16,6% de baixa estatura e risco de baixa estatura, 4,5% de desnutrição e risco de desnutrição, 7,4% de sobrepeso e obesidade. Não houve associação significante entre estado nutricional e sexo. A maioria das crianças nasceu na capital, ingressou tardiamente na escola e tinham mães com escolaridade >4 anos. Observou-se correlação significante entre obesidade e baixa estatura com menor escolaridade materna; risco de desnutrição e baixa estatura com o ingresso escolar tardio; e obesidade e estatura normal com o ingresso regular. CONCLUSÕES: a menor escolaridade materna e o ingresso tardio escolar estão associados à presença de desvios nutricionais. A vigilância nutricional escolar é importante para avaliar, tratar e prevenir os riscos para saúde e nutrição infantil.Universidade Federal do Pará Departamento de Assistência Materno Infantil IIUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PediatriaUNIFESP, Depto. de PediatriaSciEL

Validation of a Single RGB-D Camera for Gait Assessment of Polyneuropathy Patients

Motion analysis systems based on a single markerless RGB-D camera are more suitable for clinical practice than multi-camera marker-based reference systems. Nevertheless, the validity of RGB-D cameras for motor function assessment in some diseases affecting gait, such as Transthyretin Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP), is yet to be investigated. In this study, the agreement between the Kinect v2 and a reference system for obtaining spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters was evaluated in the context of TTR-FAP. 3-D body joint data provided by both systems were acquired from ten TTR-FAP symptomatic patients, while performing ten gait trials. For each gait cycle, we computed several spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters. We then determined, for each parameter, the Bland Altman's bias and 95% limits of agreement, as well as the Pearson's and concordance correlation coefficients, between systems. The obtained results show that an affordable, portable and non-invasive system based on an RGB-D camera can accurately obtain most of the studied gait parameters (excellent or good agreement for eleven spatiotemporal and one kinematic). This system can bring more objectivity to motor function assessment of polyneuropathy patients, potentially contributing to an improvement of TTR-FAP treatment and understanding, with great benefits to the patients' quality of life.This research was funded by ERDF – European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization - COMPETE 2020, and by national funds through the Porto Hospital Center (CHP) in the context of the scholarship BI.02/2018/UCA/CHP, and through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), in the context of scholarship SFRH/BD/110438/2015, and projects UID/CEC/00127/2019, UID/CEC/00127/2013, Incentivo/EEI/UI0127/2014, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028943 and FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-029673. It was also partially funded by NORTE2020 Integrated Project NanoSTIMA “NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000016”, and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028618 (PTDC/CCI-COM/28618/2017) - PERFECT, under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, and through the European Regional Development Fundinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Production Of Vegetable Oil Blends And Structured Lipids And Their Effect On Wound Healing

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Two oil blends (sunflower/canola oils 85/15 (BL1) and canola/linseed oils 70/30 (BL2)), were prepared and enzymatically interesterified to be applied to surgically-induced wounds in rats. Following surgery, the animals were submitted to the Treatment with Physiological Saline (TPS) (control group), Blends (TBL), and Structured Lipids (TSL). The control group (TPS) received physiological saline solution for 15 days. In TBL, BL1 was administered during the inflammation phase (days 0-3) and BL2 in the tissue formation and remodeling phase (days 4-15). In TSL, Structured Lipid 1 (SL1) and Structured Lipid 2 (SL2) were used instead of BL1 and BL2, respectively. The aim of this study was to compare wound closure evolution among rats treated with the blends or structured lipids versus control rats treated with physiological saline. The wound healing process was evaluated by measuring the wound areas along the treatments and the concentrations of cytokines. An increase in the areas of wounds treated with the blends and structured lipids in the inflammatory phase was observed, followed by a steeper closure curve compared to wounds treated with physiological saline. The changes observed during the inflammatory phase suggest a potential therapeutic application in cutaneous wound healing which should be further investigated.512415427Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Susceptibility of Argentinean Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biomphalaria straminea to infection by Schistosoma mansoni and the possibility of geographic expansion of mansoni schistosomiasis

IntroductionHuman migration and the presence of natural vectors (mollusks) of Schistosoma mansoni are the primary causes of the expansion of mansoni schistosomiasis into southern areas of South America. Water conditions are favorable for the expansion of this disease because of the extensive hydrographic network, which includes the basins of the Paraná and Uruguay rivers and favors mollusk reproduction. These rivers also aid agriculture and tourism in the area. Despite these favorable conditions, natural infection by S. mansoni has not yet been reported in Argentina, Uruguay, or Paraguay.MethodTwo species of planorbid from Argentina, Biomphalaria straminea and B. tenagophila, were exposed to the miracidia of five Brazilian strains of S. mansoni.Results Biomphalaria tenagophila (Atalaya, Buenos Aires province) was infected with the SJS strain (infection rate 3.3%), confirming the experimental susceptibility of this Argentinian species. Biomphalaria straminea (Rio Santa Lucía, Corrientes province) was susceptible to two Brazilian strains: SJS (infection rate 6.7%) and Sergipe (infection rate 6.7%). ConclusionThese results demonstrate that species from Argentina have the potential to be natural hosts of S. mansoni and that the appearance of foci of mansoni schistosomiasis in Argentina is possible.61161

SEROPREVALENCE OF CHAGASIC INFECTION IN YOUNG INDIVIDUALS IN A BLOOD CENTER IN THE STATE OF SAO PAULO, BRAZIL

SUMMARY This study aimed at estimating the number of cases of non-negative serological reactions to Chagas disease in blood donors at the Blood Center of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2003 to 2010 and at relating them to their cities of origin. Five hundred and seventy-four non-negative results for Chagas disease were evaluated. Of these, 371 (64.8%) were reagent, and 203 (35.4%) were inconclusive. The prevalence of Chagas disease in blood donors was 0.05%. There were, on average, 72 cases/year, and a prevalence of males was observed (64.8%). Forty-three (7.49%) individuals were 18 to 30 years old; 92 (16.02%) were 31 to 40; 147 (25.61%) 41 to 50, and 292 (50.87%) were older than 50 years. It was observed that 29.3% of females with reagent serology were at their fertile age (18 and 45 years). The majority of donors were originally from cities in the southwestern and central regions of São Paulo, but individuals from other states contributed with 20%. The provenance of most donors was the city of Botucatu/SP, followed by the city of Taquarituba/SP. Therefore, the profile of donors at this blood center favors the occurrence of a larger number of non-negative serological reactions. Although there has been a significant reduction in the number of new cases/year for this disease, it is still a public-health problem, and results suggest the need for new epidemiological assessments in the studied region.RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar o número de casos de reações sorológicas não-negativas para doença de Chagas em doadores de sangue do Hemocentro de Botucatu, São Paulo - Brasil de 2003 a 2010 e, relaciona-las com as suas cidades de origem. Quinhentos e setenta e quatro reações sorológicas não-negativas para doença de Chagas foram avaliados. Destes, 371 eram reagentes (64,8%), e 203 inconclusivos (35,4%). A prevalência da doença de Chagas nos doadores de sangue foi de 0,05%. Houve, em média, 72 casos/ano, e uma prevalência do sexo masculino foi observada (64,8%). Quarenta e três indivíduos (7,49%) tinham entre 18 e 30 anos, 92 (16,02%) de 31 a 40; 147 (25,61%) 41 a 50, e 292 (50,87%) tinham mais de 50 anos. Observou-se que 29.3% das mulheres com sorologia reagente estavam em idade fértil (18 e 45 anos). A maioria dos doadores eram naturais de cidades das regiões sudoeste e central da cidade de São Paulo, mas os indivíduos de outros estados contribuíram com 20%. A procedência da maioria dos doadores era a cidade de Botucatu/SP, seguido pela cidade de Taquarituba/SP. Portanto, o perfil de doadores de sangue neste hemocentro favorece a ocorrência de um número maior de reações sorológicas não-negativas. Embora tenha havido uma redução significativa no número de casos novos/ano para esta doença, ainda é um problema de saúde pública, e os resultados sugerem a necessidade de novas avaliações epidemiológicas na região estudada

Líder autêntico, trabalho seguro: a influência da liderança sobre o desempenho em segurança

This study analyzed the influence of authentic leadership on the workers’ safety performance, investigating the psychological mechanisms that explain the connection between authenticity and workplace safety. In addition, individual characteristics that could affect this behavior were also surveyed. The study was conducted based on a sample of 186 workers involved in projects within the oil industry. Results suggested that authentic leadership is associated with the feedback provided by supervisors as well as with worker’s perception of justice and their safety performance. Furthermore, perception of justice seems to be a relevant route through which more authentic leaders would promote safe behaviors among their followers. It was also observed that individuals who are more conscientious and less prone to take risks are also those who engage more frequently in safe behavior in the workplace.Este estudo analisou a influência exercida pela liderança autêntica sobre o desempenho na segurança dos trabalhadores, investigando os mecanismos psicológicos que explicam a conexão entre autenticidade e segurança no trabalho. Além disso, foram pesquisadas também características individuais que poderiam afetar esse comportamento. O estudo se baseou em uma amostra de 186 trabalhadores envolvidos em empreendimentos conduzidos na indústria do petróleo. Os resultados sugerem que a liderança autêntica está associada aos feedbacks transmitidos pelos supervisores, bem como à percepção de justiça por parte dos trabalhadores e ao seu desempenho em segurança. Além disso, a percepção de justiça parece ser uma via relevante por meio da qual líderes mais autênticos promoveriam o comportamento de segurança entre seus subordinados. Foi observado ainda que indivíduos mais conscienciosos e com menor propensão ao risco também são aqueles que engajam com maior frequência em comportamentos seguros no ambiente de trabalho