206 research outputs found

    Маргінеси „чужої” мови в романі Джені Ерпенбек „Словник”

    Get PDF
    Запропонована розвідка є однією із численних спроб постколоніальних феміністичних студій відповісти на питання, чи може підпорядковане промовляти. Йдеться про сучасну німецьку жіночу прозу Дженні Ерпенбек, зокрема її роман „Словник”, та визначення статусу жінки з комплексом дотичних до нього проблем у ході вписування жіночого, почасти автобіографічного досвіду, в національну історію тоталітарного минулого на прикладі запропонованого роману. Так, автобіографічні рефлексії письменниці щодо нацистського та соціалістичного режимів насилля презентують жінку як суб’єкта, що говорить, залишаючись поза структурою мови. Процес пригадування задля пошуків істини розкриває механізми поглинання мови ідеологічним міфом. Відтак духовний простір жінки залишається на маргінесах мови, суспільства, історії.The present study is based on the women’s autobiographic experience to tell the self- and national history of the totalitarian regime. The study seeks some the most important postcolonial aspects of the female existence in the mirror of the ideological language. To recognize the problem of language and violence is to show the mechanism of the women’s removing to the linguistic margins. In agree with the main postcolonial tendencies the article concludes such actual theories to prove these aspects: the term of the contemporal myth by R. Barthes, the discourse of language and violence in the feministic theory of L. Terel, the conception of the female language in the work of E. Showalter, the multicultural points of view of G.Ch. Spivak, the Strenger’s identity of B. Valdenfels

    Optical Tweezers 3d Photonic Force Spectroscopy

    Get PDF
    Since optical tweezers trapped microspheres can be used as an ultrasensitive force measurements technique, the knowledge of its theoretical description is of utmost importance. However, even the description of the incident electromagnetic fields under very tight focusing, typical of the optical trap, is not yet a closed problem. Therefore it is important to experimentally obtain whole accurate curves of the force as a function of wavelength, polarization and incident beam 3D position with respect to the center of the microsphere. Theoretical models for optical forces such as the Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory, can then be applied to the precisely evaluated experimental results. Using a dual trap in an upright standard optical microscope, one to keep the particle at the equilibrium position and the other to disturb it we have been able to obtain these force curves as a function of x, y and z position, incident beam polarization and also wavelength. Further investigation of optical forces was conducted for wavelengths in and out Mie resonances of the dielectric microspherical cavities for both TM and TE modes.6131Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Bjorkholm, J.E., Chu, S., Observation of a single-beam gradient force trap for dielectric particles (1986) Opt. Lett., 11, pp. 288-290Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria (1987) Science, 235, pp. 1517-1520Grier, D.G., A revolution in optical manipulation (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 810-816Neuman, K.C., Block, S., Optical trapping (2004) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 75, pp. 2787-2809Lock, J.A., Calculation of the radiation trapping force for laser tweezers by use of generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. I. Localized model description of an on-axis tightly focused laser beam with spherical aberration (2004) Appl. Opt., 43, pp. 2532-2544Lock, J.A., Calculation of the radiation trapping force for laser tweezers by use of generalized Lorenz-Mie theory. II. On-axis trapping force (2004) Appl. Opt., 43, pp. 2545-2554Mazolli, A., Neto, P.A.M., Nussenzveig, H.M., Theory of trapping forces in optical tweezers (2003) Proc. Royal Soc. London Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 459, pp. 3021-3041Fontes, A., Neves, A.A.R., Moreira, W.L., De Thomaz, A.A., Barbosa, L.C., De Paula, A.M., Cesar, C.L., Double optical tweezers for ultrasensitive force spectroscopy in microsphere Mie scattering (2005) Appl. Phys. Lett., 87. , Art. No. 221109Ren, K.F., Gouesbet, G., Gréhan, G., Integral localized approximation in generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (1998) Appl. Opt., 37, pp. 4218-4225Lock, J.A., Excitation efficiency of a morphology-dependent resonance by a focused Gaussian beam (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 15, pp. 2986-2994Davis, L.W., Theory of electromagnetic beams (1979) Phys. Rev. A, 19, pp. 1177-1779Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., Radiation pressure forces exerted on a particle arbitrarily located in a gaussian beam by using the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and associated resonance effects (1994) Opt. Commun., 108, pp. 343-354Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., Symmetry relations in generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (1994) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 11, pp. 1812-181

    Force Spectroscopy And Two Photon Excited Luminescence In An Optical Tweezers System

    Get PDF
    Up to now optical spectroscopies have analyzed the scattered light or the heat generated by absorption as a function of the wavelength to get information about the samples. Among the light matter interaction phenomena one that has almost never been used for spectroscopy is the direct photon momenta transfer. Probably because the forces involved are very small, varying from hundreds of femto to tens of pico Newtons. However, the nowadays very popular Optical Tweezers can easily accomplish the task to measure the photon momenta transfer and may be the basis for the Optical Force Spectroscopy. We demonstrate its potential as such a tool by observing more than eight Mie resonance peaks of a single polystyrene microsphere, and showed the capability to selective couple the light to either the TE, TM or both microsphere modes depending of the beam size, the light polarization and the beam positioning. The Mie resonances can change the optical force values by 30-50%. Our results also clearly show how the beam polarization breaks the usually assumed azimuthal symmetry by Optical Tweezers theories. We also obtained the spectrum from the two photon excited luminescence using the Optical Tweezers to hold a single bead suspended and a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser for the non-linear excitation. This spectrum shows the pair of peaks due to both TE and TM spherical cavity modes. We have been able to observe more than 14 Mie resonance peaks in the TPE luminescence. Our results are in good agreement with optical force calculations using Maxwell stress tensor and partial wave decomposition of the incident beam approximated to a 3th order gaussian beam.593017Ashkin, Dziedzic, J.M., Bjorkholm, J.E., Chu, S., Observation of a single-beam gradient force trap for dielectric particles (1986) Opt. Lett., 11, pp. 288-290Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Optical trapping and manipulation of viruses and bacteria (1987) Science, 235, pp. 1517-1520Grier, D.G., A revolution in optical manipulation (2003) Nature, 424, pp. 810-816Felgner, H., Frank, R., Schliwa, M., Flexural rigidity of microtubules measured with the use of optical tweezers (1996) J. Cell Sci., 109, pp. 509-516Sakata-Sogawa, K., Kurachi, M., Sogawa, K., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., Tashiro, H., Direct measurement of DNA molecular length in solution using optical tweezers: Detection of looping due to binding protein interactions (1998) Eur. Biophys. J., 27, pp. 55-61Berg, H.C., Berry, R.M., Absence of a barrier to backwards rotation of the bacterial flagellar motor demonstrated with optical tweezers (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 94, pp. 14433-14437Huruta, R.R., Mechanical properties of stored red blood cells using optical tweezers (1998) Blood, 92, pp. 2975-2977Brandão, M.M., Optical tweezers for measuring red blood cell elasticity: Application to the study of drug response in sickle cell disease (2003) Eur. J. Haematol., 70, pp. 207-211Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., (1977) Phys. Rev. Lett., 38, pp. 1351-1355Barber, P.W., Chang, R.K., (1988) Optical Effects Associated with Small Particles, , Word Scientific, SingaporeVan De Hulst, H.C., (1981) Light Scattering by Small Particles, , Dover, New YorkAshkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Observation of optical of dieletric particles by light-scattering (1981) Appl. Optics, 20, pp. 1803-1814Benner, R.E., Barber, P.W., Owe, J.F., Chang, R.K., Observation of structure resonances in the fluorescence spectra from microspheres (1980) Physical Review Letters, 44, pp. 475-478Leung, C.H., She, T.C., Lee, W.K., Positions of low order morphology dependent resonances determined by elastic light scattering (1995) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 12, pp. 1259-1266Schaschek, K., Popp, J., Kiefer, W., Observation of morphology dependent in- And output-resonances in time dependent Raman spectra of optically levitated microdroplets (1993) J. Raman Spectrosc., 24, pp. 69-75Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J.M., Observation of resonances in radiation pressure on dieletric particles (1977) Phys. Rev. Lett., 38, pp. 1351-1354Bisht, P.B., Fukuda, K., Hirayama, S., Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence study of some dyes in polymer microspheres showing morphology dependent resonances (1996) J. Chem. Phys., 105, pp. 9349-9361Arnold, S., Shift of whispering gallery modes in microspheres by protein adsorption (2003) Opt. Lett., 28, pp. 272-274Vollmer, F., Multiplexed DNA quantification by spectroscopic shift of two microsphere cavities (2003) Biophys. J., 85, pp. 1974-1979Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., Radiation pressure forces exerted on a particle arbitrarily located in a gaussian beam by using the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory and associated resonance effects (1994) Opt. Commun., 108, pp. 343-354Ren, K.F., Gréhan, G., Gouesbet, G., Symmetry relations in generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (1994) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 11, pp. 1812-1817Bohren, C.F., Huffman, D.R., (1983) Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, , Wiley, New YorkVan De Hulst, H.C., (1981) Light Scattering by Small Particles, , Dover, New YorkDavis, L.W., Theory of electromagnetic beams (1979) Phys. Rev. A, 19, pp. 1177-1779Richards, B., Wolf, E., Electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems II. Structure of the image field in an aplanatic system (1959) Proc. R. Soc. London A, 253, pp. 358-379Ren, K.F., Gouesbet, G., Gréhan, G., Integral localized approximation in generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (1998) Appl. Opt., 37, pp. 4218-4225Lock, J.A., Excitation efficiency of a morphology-dependent resonance by a focused Gaussian beam (1998) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 15, pp. 2986-2994Bateman, J.B., Weneck, E.J., Eshler, D.C., Determination of Particle Size and Concentration from Spectrophotometric Transmission (1959) J. Colloid Sci., 14, pp. 308-32

    Tejo Internacional. Guia de Visita.

    Get PDF
    Em sintonia com os objetivos fixados aquando da criação do Parque Natural do Tejo Inernacional, em agosto de 2000, assume-se como propósito deste guia a apresentação de um instrumento de informação e orientação que potencie o respeito pelos valores intrínsecos do PNTI, bem como o usufruto e fruição equilibrada dos mesmos. Neste contexto procede-se a uma breve descrição caracterizadora do Território do Parque, informação relativa ao apoio à visitação, é ainda apresentado um elenco de espécies de fauna e flora.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Livro Oficial do Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional

    Get PDF
    O Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional (PNTI) existe há 19 anos, sobrepondo-se parcialmente à Zona de Proteção Especial do Tejo Internacional, Erges e Ponsul, classificada ao abrigo da Diretiva Aves, integra o Parque Internacional Tejo-Tajo, desde 2013, e foi classificado como Reserva da Biosfera da UNESCO, em 2016. Entre outras iniciativas, que, no seu conjunto, dão corpo a uma gestão ativa e de proximidade, em abril de 2017, foi lançado o Projeto Piloto para a Gestão Colaborativa do PNTI, envolvendo sete entidades: os três Municípios (Castelo Branco, Idanha-a-Nova e Vila Velha de Ródão), o Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, a Quercus, o Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco e a Associação Empresarial da Beira Baixa. Pretendeu-se constituir uma dinâmica de colaboração e partilha, em que as diferentes entidades colocaram ao serviço do PNTI os seus saberes e competências. Este Projeto Piloto permitiu evoluir para a conceção de um novo modelo de cogestão para as áreas protegidas. Trata-se de um instrumento que marcará o futuro da valorização do nosso capital natural, baseado na proximidade aos territórios e às pessoas que nele habitam, exercem as suas atividades económicas e os visitam, mas também baseado em mais conhecimento, comunicação e reforço identitário. E este livro, que ilustra os atributos desta parcela do território, como é valiosa, singular e pode catalisar o seu desenvolvimento, é já uma evidência dos bons resultados que é possível alcançar quanto se trabalha em rede. É compilada informação disponível sobre o PNTI que se disponibiliza, de modo muito acessível a quem a lê. Informação que contribuirá para a promoção dos valores presentes nesta área protegida, dos seus habitats, espécies e paisagens que lhe conferem uma identidade tão própria. Reforçará ainda os comportamentos que reconhecem o valor dos serviços que os ecossistemas prestam que, não valorizados pelo mercado, são indispensáveis para o bem-estar da sociedade, tais como o controlo da erosão, o sequestro de carbono, a regulação do ciclo hidrológico, a conservação da biodiversidade, a redução da suscetibilidade ao fogo, os espaços de lazer e fruição, entre outros.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Recursos naturais e desenvolvimento local: caso de estudo do município de Proença-a-Nova

    Get PDF
    As estratégias territoriais são importantes instrumentos de apoio ao desenvolvimento local; tendo por base os recursos endógenos próprios de cada território, identificam os eixos estratégicos de intervenção e os projetos considerados prioritários no suporte ao ciclo de desenvolvimento local. Território de baixa densidade, marcado pela recessão demográfica e pela ruralidade, o município de Proença-a-Nova enfrenta o desafio de criar fatores de atração que afirmem a sua identidade e potencialidades e que ajudem a atrair e fixar novos públicos. Proença-a-Nova assume-se como um território essencialmente rural onde a expressão da atividade florestal e agrícola é preponderante, muito por força das suas características morfológicas e climatológicas. Estas concorrem, ainda, indiretamente, para o elevado valor ambiental, paisagístico e até social que se reconhece ao território. Deste modo, o modelo de desenvolvimento local proposto, definido através de uma metodologia participativa, alicerça-se nas múltiplas vertentes dos recursos naturais como fatores chave da competitividade territorial do município: a vertente económica relacionada com a floresta de produção e a agricultura orientada para o mercado; a vertente ambiental relacionada com a sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas e dos abundantes recursos hídricos existentes; a vertente desportiva e turística relacionada com os desportos em natureza, aproveitando os recursos já existentes (aeródromo das Moitas, via ferrata, percursos trail e BTT) e a vertente cultural ligada ao projeto em curso “Museu da Paisagem”. Nesta comunicação far-se-á a caracterização do território e a apresentação do modelo de desenvolvimento proposto com base nos recursos naturais do território.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Quantifying the impact of variability in railway bridge asset management

    Get PDF
    Bridge asset management is often a challenging and complicated task due to the diversity, multitude and variation of bridge configurations. Much research has been carried out in the field of asset management which has resulted in a wealth of models to help with the decision making process. However, often these models oversimplify the process, resulting in a decision making tool that trivialises the complexity of the decisions. The purpose of this study was to ascertain what the main sources of variability are in the process and then quantify the impact of them in terms of the Whole Life-Cycle Cost (WLCC). The study focuses on human-induced variability to ensure the results are directly influenceable by bridge portfolio managers. The sources of variability identified include misdiagnoses of defects as well as imperfect repairs and variability in costs, all of which are aspects that bridge portfolio managers are exposed to. The sources of variability are quantified and then incorporated into an existing railway bridge WLCC model, established in a previous study, which uses a flexible Petri-Net (PN) approach which is able to incorporate the complex logic and probabilistic aspects. The model itself is able to replicate some of the more complicated decisions which have to be made in bridge asset management, especially those which influence the decisions around rehabilitation. The resulting model, enhanced with the probabilistic variability, is able to reveal the impact of variability on the asset condition, WLCC and even understand where operational complexities are occurring within the system. Incorporating human-induced variability into any model will inevitably increase the financial and operational burden predicted by the model, however, recognising and modelling these aspects is a crucial step in providing bridge portfolio managers a more robust and accurate decision making tool which can more accurately replicate the real world system

    3.º Relatório do Projeto “Promover e Valorizar o PNTI”

    Get PDF
    Relatório Final do Projeto “Promover e Valorizar o PNTI”, onde são descritas as atividades desenvolvidas no período de 1 de abril a 31 de agosto de 2019. Para além da descrição das atividades desenvolvidas no período em apreço, este último relatório procura sintetizar todo o Projeto, configurando-se assim como Relatório Global do Projeto. Neste sentido, complementa-se informação apresentada no primeiro e segundo Relatórios, tendo em consideração a duração total do Projeto, desde 1 de outubro de 2018, a 31 agosto de 2019. O Projeto consistiu na proposta e desenvolvimento de ações com vista à manutenção e melhoria da sinalética, bem como a instalação de painéis informativos que contribuam para a fruição, atratividade e condições de visitação do Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional através de soluções de comunicação e promoção.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Review and application of Artificial Neural Networks models in reliability analysis of steel structures

    Get PDF
    This paper presents a survey on the development and use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models in structural reliability analysis. The survey identifies the different types of ANNs, the methods of structural reliability assessment that are typically used, the techniques proposed for ANN training set improvement and also some applications of ANN approximations to structural design and optimization problems. ANN models are then used in the reliability analysis of a ship stiffened panel subjected to uniaxial compression loads induced by hull girder vertical bending moment, for which the collapse strength is obtained by means of nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA). The approaches adopted combine the use of adaptive ANN models to approximate directly the limit state function with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), first order reliability methods (FORM) and MCS with importance sampling (IS), for reliability assessment. A comprehensive comparison of the predictions of the different reliability methods with ANN based LSFs and classical LSF evaluation linked to the FEA is provided
    corecore