Recoiling DNA Molecule: Simulation & Experiment

Single molecule DNA experiments often generate data from force versus extension measurements involving the tethering of a microsphere to one end of a single DNA molecule while the other is attached to a substrate. We show that the persistence length of single DNA molecules can also be measured based on the recoil dynamics of these DNA-microsphere complexes if appropriate corrections are made to the friction coefficient of the microsphere in the vicinity of the substrate. Comparison between computer simulated recoil curves, generated from the corresponding Langevin equation, and experimental recoils is used to assure the validity of data analysis.Comment: 14 pages (single column preprint), 7 figures. Major changes: data analysis method improved; dna-ethidium bromide results removed (dna-ethidium bromide protocol affected microspheres and coverglass behavior

Eficiência técnica dos produtores de leite em assentados rurais da reforma agrária

This paper aimed to evaluate the technical efficiency of milk producers in the Projeto de Assentamento (PA) Feliz União, municipality of Lagoa Grande, MG. To this collected data to some of the milk production of 23 settlers in 2007 and later was used as analytical tools used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess the technical efficiency of producers. The results show that the majority of producers (84%) are technically inefficient. Of inefficient farmers, 87% are operating under increasing returns to scale and 13% operating under diminishing returns to scale. Analyzing it is efficient and inefficient producers are mainly realizes that efficient producers are more intensive factor in the labor force and have herd dairy specialist for the activity. Technical assistance was not an important factor that explains the efficiency and inefficiency of producers.Rural settlement, DEA, Milk, Minas Gerais, Farm Management,

Eficiência técnica dos produtores de leite no Projeto de Assentamento Fruta D’Anta, João Pinheiro – MG

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência técnica entre os produtores de leite da no PA Fruta D’Anta, no município de João Pinheiro, MG, no ano de 2006. Utilizou-se como instrumental analítico a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), contando com uma amostra de 22 produtores assentados. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que uma proporção significativa dos produtores são ineficientes tecnicamente. Observou-se, também, que todos os produtores ineficientes estão trabalhando sob retornos crescentes à escala, o que permite afirmar que estes poderiam aumentar seu lucro mais que proporcional quando aumentada à produção.-----------------The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the technical efficiency in 22 milk producers in the PA FrutaD’Anta, in the council de João Pinheiro, MG, during the period of 2006. The technical efficiency was evaluted through the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique. The results obtained show that there are still a significant proportion of inefficient farms. It was also observed that the inefficient producers are working on crescent returns to scale that admit so affirm that these could increase yours lucre more that proportional increasing yours production.assentamentos rurais, DEA, produção de leite, Minas Gerais, rural settlement, milk production, DEA. Minas Gerais, Livestock Production/Industries,

S-PLUS : exploring wide field properties of multiple populations in galactic globular clusters at different metallicities

Multiple stellar populations (MSPs) are a ubiquitous phenomenon in Galactic globular clusters (GCs). By probing different spectral ranges affected by different absorption lines using the multiband photometric survey S-PLUS, we study four GCs – NGC 104, NGC 288, NGC 3201, and NGC 7089 – that span a wide range of metallicities. With the combination of broad and narrow-band photometry in 12 different filters from 3485A (u) to 9114A (z), we identified MSPs along the rectified red-giant branch in colour–magnitude diagrams and separated them using a K-means clustering algorithm. Additionally, we take advantage of the large Field of View of the S-PLUS detector to investigate radial trends in our sample. We report on six colour combinations that can be used to successfully identify two stellar populations in all studied clusters and show that they can be characterized as Na-rich and Na-poor. For both NGC 288 and NGC 7089, their radial profiles show a clear concentration of 2P population. This directly supports the formation theories that propose an enrichment of the intra-cluster medium and subsequent star formation in the more dense central regions. However, in the case of NGC 3201, the trend is reversed. The 1P is more centrally concentrated, in direct contradiction with previous literature studies. NGC 104 shows a well-mixed population. We also constructed radial profiles up to 1 half-light radius of the clusters with HST data to highlight that radial differences are lost in the inner regions of the GCs and that wide-field studies are essential when studying this

AVALIAÇÃO PARASITOLÓGICA DE FEZES DIARREICAS E NÃO DIARREICAS EM LEITÕES NA FASE PRÉ-INICIAL

Gastrointestinal nematodes can affect piglet performance, causing diarrhea in the nursery phase, one of the major challenges faced in production. Therefore, parasitological monitoring is essential for the diagnosis of the degree of animal infection in order to take the right curative and preventive measures. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the feces of piglets with and without diarrhea in the pre-initial phase and their relationship with the presence of parasite eggs. The collections were carried out in a commercial pig farm, in which 40 animals were randomly chosen and divided equally into two groups, with and without diarrhea. The samples were analyzed by direct stool examination and the flotation method. Of the analyzed samples, all were negative for the group without diarrhea. However, animals with diarrhea had a prevalence of 10% and 5% regarding the presence of gastrointestinal parasites at direct and flotation method, respectively. Ascaris sp., Strongyloides sp., Cystoisospora sp. and Eimeria spp. were detected. Given the multifactorial origin of diarrhea in piglets in the post-weaning period, it is concluded that piglet diarrhea in the pre-initial phase is not only related to the presence of endoparasites, therefore, other possible causes must be studied so that there is a greater control of disorders enteric at this stage.Os helmintos gastrintestinais podem afetar o desempenho dos leitões e causar diarreias na fase de creche, um dos grandes desafios enfrentados na produção. Logo, o acompanhamento parasitológico é fundamental para que seja realizado o diagnóstico do grau de infecção animal para se tomar as medidas curativas e preventivas corretas. Portanto objetivou-se analisar as fezes de leitões com e sem diarreia na fase pré-inicial e sua relação com a presença de ovos de parasitas. As coletas foram realizadas em uma granja comercial de suínos, em que 40 animais foram escolhidos aleatoriamente e divididos igualmente em dois grupos, com e sem diarreia. As amostras foram analisadas pelo exame de direto das fezes e pelo método de flutuação. Das amostras analisadas, todas mostraram-se negativas para o grupo sem diarreia. No entanto os animais com diarreia apresentaram prevalência de 10% e 5 % quanto à presença de parasitoses gastrintestinais nos métodos direto e de flutuação respectivamente. Foram detectados: Ascaris sp., Strongyloides sp., Cystoisosporasp. e Eimeria spp. Dada a origem multifatorial das diarreias em leitões no pós-desmame, conclui-se que as diarreias de leitões na fase pré-inicial não estão somente relacionadas à presença de endoparasitos, dessa forma, outras possíveis causas devem ser estudadas para que haja um maior controle dos distúrbios entéricos nesta fase

Saberes e práticas do usuário da atenção básica sobre dengue

Background and objective: Dengue is an infectious viral disease transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito that usually has a benign evolution, but can bring serious problems to the population. Considered a serious public health problem worldwide, it mainly affects tropical countries, where the climate and sanitary conditions favour the development and proliferation of the transmitter. Control of the disease is related to the elimination of the means that allow the development and proliferation of mosquitoes. The research aimed to know the perception of users of primary care (AB) on dengue and the actions taken in home to prevent them. Method: This is a qualitative study, conducted with 12 users of the health service that took place at a Basic Health Unit of the Eastern/Southeastern Regional Health Board of the city of Teresina PI, located in the neighborhood that, according the Municipal Health Foundation, has the highest incidence of the disease. Results: Two categories emerged: “Dengue, synonymous with disease to the Basic user of Attention” and “Dengue prevention as a means of protection”. The study found how much the users of Unified Health System know about the disease and its means of development – it’s known by many of the users the main ways of preventing the disease and that these are related to the hygiene of home care with standing water in plants, vases, tires and bottles. Conclusions: Permanent education of health users and surveillance is a determining factor in dengue control, making health professionals and health care users the key players in the process of health and prevention of Dengue.RESUMO Objetivos: objetivou-se no estudo conhecer a percepção dos usuários da Atenção Básica (AB) sobre a dengue; identificar as ações desenvolvidas na AB para a prevenção da dengue e descrever quais as ações do usuário da AB no combate à dengue. Metodologia: Trata se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 12 usuários do serviço de saúde, que teve como cenário uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Diretoria Regional de Saúde Leste/Sudeste do município de Teresina-PI, localizada no bairro que, segundo a Fundação Municipal de Saúde, possui maior incidência da doença. A coleta de dados deu-se através de entrevistas com um roteiro semi estruturado, gravados e transcritos na íntegra. Para tratamento do material foi utilizada a técnica de análise temática. Resultados: Com isso foi possível à formação de duas categorias: Dengue: sinônimo de doença para o usuário da Atenção Básica e Dengue: prevenção como forma de proteção. Conclusões: Observou-se que a dengue é uma patologia transmissível, vetorizada, causadora de graves problemas de saúde, sendo o Aedes aegypti seu principal transmissor, além do reconhecimento da prevenção como forma de proteção da doença. Abordaram ainda as ações de promoção da saúde desenvolvidas pelos profissionais da saúde

Saberes e práticas do usuário da atenção básica sobre dengue

RESUMO Objetivos: objetivou-se no estudo conhecer a percepção dos usuários da Atenção Básica (AB) sobre a dengue; identificar as ações desenvolvidas na AB para a prevenção da dengue e descrever quais as ações do usuário da AB no combate à dengue. Metodologia: Trata se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 12 usuários do serviço de saúde, que teve como cenário uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Diretoria Regional de Saúde Leste/Sudeste do município de Teresina-PI, localizada no bairro que, segundo a Fundação Municipal de Saúde, possui maior incidência da doença. A coleta de dados deu-se através de entrevistas com um roteiro semi estruturado, gravados e transcritos na íntegra. Para tratamento do material foi utilizada a técnica de análise temática. Resultados: Com isso foi possível à formação de duas categorias: Dengue: sinônimo de doença para o usuário da Atenção Básica e Dengue: prevenção como forma de proteção. Conclusões: Observou-se que a dengue é uma patologia transmissível, vetorizada, causadora de graves problemas de saúde, sendo o Aedes aegypti seu principal transmissor, além do reconhecimento da prevenção como forma de proteção da doença. Abordaram ainda as ações de promoção da saúde desenvolvidas pelos profissionais da saúde

Applications of the hexanic fraction of Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm (Asparagaceae): control of inflammation and pain screening

The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Agave sisalana Perrine in classic models of inflammation and pain. The hexanic fraction of A. sisalana (HFAS) was obtained by acid hydrolysis followed by hexanic reflux. Anti-inflammatory properties were examined in three acute mouse models (xylene ear oedema, hind paw oedema and pleurisy) and a chronic mouse model (granuloma cotton pellet). The antinociceptive potential was evaluated in chemical (acetic-acid) and thermal (tail-flick and hot-plate test) models of pain. When given orally, HFAS (5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced ear oedema (p < 0.0001; 52%, 71%, 62% and 42%, respectively). HFAS also reduced hind paw oedema at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg (p < 0.05; 42% and 58%, respectively) and pleurisy at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg (41% and 50%, respectively). In a chronic model, HFAS reduced inflammation by 46% and 58% at doses of 10 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, this fraction showed analgesic properties against the abdominal writhing in an acetic acid model (at doses of 5-25 mg/kg) with inhibitory rates of 24%, 54% and 48%. The HFAS also showed an increased latency time in the hot-plate (23% and 28%) and tail-flick tests (61% and 66%) for the 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg doses, respectively. These results suggest that HFAS has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.26327

Brazilian guidelines on chronic venous disease of the Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery

Abstract The Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery has set up a committee to provide new evidence-based recommendations for patient care associated with chronic venous insufficiency. Topics were divided in five groups: 1. Classification, 2. Diagnosis, 3. Conservative or non-invasive treatment, 4. Invasive treatment and 5. Treatment of small vessels. This last series is closely related to the activities of Brazilian angiologists and vascular surgeons, who are heavily involved in the treatment of small superficial veins. These guidelines are intended to assist in clinical decision-making for attending physicians and health managers. The decision to follow a guideline recommendation should be made by the responsible physician on a case-by-case basis taking into account the patient's specific condition, as well as local resources, regulations, laws, and clinical practice recommendations

Micromechanical Properties of Injection-Molded Starch–Wood Particle Composites

The micromechanical properties of injection molded starch–wood particle composites were investigated as a function of particle content and humidity conditions. The composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The microhardness of the composites was shown to increase notably with the concentration of the wood particles. In addition,creep behavior under the indenter and temperature dependence were evaluated in terms of the independent contribution of the starch matrix and the wood microparticles to the hardness value. The influence of drying time on the density and weight uptake of the injection-molded composites was highlighted. The results revealed the role of the mechanism of water evaporation, showing that the dependence of water uptake and temperature was greater for the starch–wood composites than for the pure starch sample. Experiments performed during the drying process at 70°C indicated that the wood in the starch composites did not prevent water loss from the samples.Peer reviewe