Reflections on the ethnographic approach in three research studies

Este trabalho embasa-se em três pesquisas que focalizaram os efeitos da percepção nas atitudes dos adultos, com o objetivo de melhorar o cuidado de saúde da criança. Embora cada estudo pertença a uma área distinta de investigação, todos adotaram a abordagem etnográfica para analisar a interação entre adultos e crianças. Este estudo desenvolveu a reflexão dos pesquisadores com relação a: i) adoção de uma abordagem etnográfica na produção científica de enfermagem; ii) perspectivas teóricas relevantes na análise destes temas. Em suma, este estudo exemplifica o valor da reflexão sobre pesquisas já realizadas e seu potencial para aumentar o entendimento de como as pesquisas podem contribuir para consolidar os modelos de cuidado a saúde em geral e do cuidado de enfermagem, em particular.Este trabajo involucra tres estudios de investigación que se enfocaron en los efectos de la percepción en las actitudes de los adultos en los intentos por mejorar el cuidado de la salud del niño. Aunque cada estudio tenía un área distinta de investigación, todos adoptaron un abordaje etnográfico en la interacción entre adultos y niños. Este estudio muestra la reflexión de los autores en relación con: i) adopción de un abordaje etnográfico en la producción científica de enfermería; ii) perspectivas teóricas que demuestran ser relevantes en la producción de los temas. Se considera que el valor de esta reflexión post-investigación radica en su potencial para entender como este abordaje puede contribuir en la consolidación de un marco teórico relacionado con el cuidado de la salud en general y del cuidado de enfermería, em particular.This paper aims at analyzing three research studies that focused on the effects of the perception in adults´ attitudes with the purpose to improve the health care provided to children. Although each study had a distinct area of investigation, all of them adopted the ethnographic approach on the interaction between the adults and children. This work aimed at reporting the researchers' reflections with respect to: i) the adoption of the ethnographic approach in Nursing studies; ii) the theoretical perspectives that are relevant in the production of themes. Authors considered the value of this reflection after the research and its potential in order to understand how it can contribute to consolidate the health care theoretical frameworks in general, and the nursing care models, in particular

Desafios no enfrentamento da diabetes mellitus tipo 1 em crianças e adolescentes: revisão de literatura

Objective: To check in the recent literature what has been published about the challenges faced by children and adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, addressing the diagnosis, acceptance and living with the disease, family perception, health education and self-care. Methods: This is an integrative literature review, consisting of scientific articles on the theme “Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and the challenges of living with the disease”. For this purpose, the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and the Nursing Database (BDENF) were used as databases, as well as the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) as a complementary source of research. Final considerations: During the research, it was possible to understand that the diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is not always easily accepted, both by the family and by the children and adolescents diagnosed. Since they face several challenges, such as changing eating habits, daily insulin applications, biopsychoemotional issues, difficulties in self-care and in coping with stereotypes. It was also noted that the family plays an essential role in assisting in the pathology’s management and adherence to self-care. It is noteworthy that the health education carried out by Primary Care professionals helps the patients get along with the condition, providing health literacy about the disease for children and adolescents with T1DM and their families.Objetivo: Verificar na literatura recente o que há publicado sobre os desafios enfrentados por crianças e adolescentes portadoras de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, abordando o diagnóstico, aceitação e convivência com a doença, percepção familiar, educação em saúde e autocuidado.  Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, composta de artigos científicos acerca da temática “Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 e as dificuldades da convivência com a doença”. Para esse fim, utilizou-se como bases de dados a Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e a Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), assim como a Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) como fonte de pesquisa complementar. Considerações finais: Durante a pesquisa, foi possível compreender que nem sempre o diagnóstico da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 é facilmente aceito, tanto pela família quanto pelas crianças e adolescentes diagnosticados. Visto que eles enfrentam diversos desafios, como mudança de hábitos alimentares, aplicações diárias de insulina, questões biopsicoemocionais, dificuldades no autocuidado e enfrentamento de estereótipos. Observou-se também que a família possui um papel essencial para auxiliar no manejo da patologia e na adesão do autocuidado. Vale ressaltar que, a educação em saúde realizada pelos profissionais da Atenção Primária facilita o enfrentamento da doença, realizando letramento em saúde para as crianças e adolescentes com DM1 e seus familiares acerca da doença

A UTILIZAÇÃO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS PELOS IDOSOS HIPERTENSOS

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, a identificação da forma com que são utilizadas as plantas medicinais pelos hipertensos participantes de um grupo de idoso.  Participaram deste estudo 11 idosos hipertensos que utilizam algum tipo de planta medicinal. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, aplicou-se entrevista semi-estruturada. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, a partir da categorização proposta por Minayo. Os resultados apontaram que os idosos adquiriram informações e orientações sobre as plantas medicinais através da família, conhecimentos transmitidos de geração em geração, relatam conseguir as plantas medicinais no quintal de casa, com os vizinhos e parentes, colhem as plantas medicinais e já a utilizam. As Plantas Medicinais que utilizam para a Hipertensão são: chuchu; limão; berinjela; erva doce, camomila e cana cidreira, sendo que nem todas são indicadas para hipertensão. Todos os idosos relataram que não receberam orientações sobre a utilização de plantas medicinais, por profissionais de saúde. Logo, observou-se a falta de capacitação e busca pela qualificação dos profissionais acerca de assuntos que envolvem as plantas medicinais, tendo em vista que estas são muitas vezes utilizadas de forma inadequada devido à falta de informação

Epidemiological and microbiological aspects of oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients during radiotherapy / Aspectos epidemiológicos e microbiológicos da mucosite oral em pacientes com câncer na região de cabeça e pescoço durante a radioterapia

This cross-sectional study evaluated epidemiological and nutritional aspects as well as the microbial groups isolated from head and neck cancer patients, in the presence of oral mucositis. Three samplings were performed at baseline (jugal mucosa), on the 20th radiotherapy session and on the last day of treatment, over oral mucositis lesions, if present. The sample was composed of 22 patients, mostly men (81.8%) and with a median age of 58.1(±12.7) years, 95% of them had concomitant smoking and drinking habits and 40.9% were edentulous. Body mass index values decreased during treatment and were statistically significant over time. During the study, there was a decline in Gram-positive cocci and an increase in Gram-negative rods. The recovery of yeast species increased along the study period. Isolation of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (44.3%) and those related to nosocomial infections (50.0%) was observed. Our findings suggested that there was a reduction in the indigenous oral microbiota and an increase in opportunistic species. The understanding of the microbial content of oral mucositis lesions as well as the clinical and nutritional aspects of head and neck cancer patients may contribute to a better oriented treatment. This cross-sectional study evaluated epidemiological and nutritional aspects as well as the microbial groups isolated from head and neck cancer patients, in the presence of oral mucositis. Three samplings were performed at baseline (jugal mucosa), on the 20th radiotherapy session and on the last day of treatment, over oral mucositis lesions, if present. The sample was composed of 22 patients, mostly men (81.8%) and with a median age of 58.1(±12.7) years, 95% of them had concomitant smoking and drinking habits and 40.9% were edentulous. Body mass index values decreased during treatment and were statistically significant over time. During the study, there was a decline in Gram-positive cocci and an increase in Gram-negative rods. The recovery of yeast species increased along the study period. Isolation of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (44.3%) and those related to nosocomial infections (50.0%) was observed. Our findings suggested that there was a reduction in the indigenous oral microbiota and an increase in opportunistic species. The understanding of the microbial content of oral mucositis lesions as well as the clinical and nutritional aspects of head and neck cancer patients may contribute to a better oriented treatment.

Benefits of the flipped classroom in health education - a systematic review / Benefícios da sala de aula virada ao contrário na educação sanitária - uma revisão sistemática interrelationship

Introduction: The flipped classroom method is characterized by its contents presentation to the learners before classes and online, reserving the face-to-face meetings to deepen and apply these contents. Objective: To search through literature for the most recent flipped classroom method benefits in the health area. Method: The guidelines for the preparation of systematic reviews were followed, collecting relevant studies, searching for published data sources, selecting the terms for the research, evaluating the eligibility of studies, and extracting relevant data. Results and Discussion: 20 articles published between 2016 and 2020 were selected from the PUBMED, SCIELO, ERIC and MEDLINE databases, according to the eligibility criteria. The main benefits of flipped classroom for students were language development, greater interaction between learners, greater engagement in activities and involvement in projects, flexibility in learning styles, better use of time and better performance in assessments. The professors agreed with such benefits but pointed out that a longer time for the preparation of activities would be a limitation. Conclusion: Flipped classroom method has shown itself to be a promising strategy with many health benefits. More research is needed on its implementation in the current context of the Coronavirus Pandemic in 2020. 

Numerical analysis of truss systems with stiffened flattened end-bars.

Circular hollow sections are usually used in long-span roof truss systems. One of the typology for connecting elements in such structures involves the flattening of bar ends. This article presents the numerical analysis of a plane truss composed of circular hollow sections, in which diagonal bars have flattened ends. In this sense, a new flattening typology called stiffened flattening is proposed, characterized by a non-flat geometry, with the creation of stiffeners in the lateral edges of the diagonal flattened ends. The diagonal connecting system with the chord members uses connecting plates. The plates are welded to the chords and the diagonals are connected to latter through a single bolt. The numerical analysis using finite elements method was developed in two stages through ANSYS software with the Parametric Design Language (APDL), in which parameters such as geometry, materials, element types, boundary conditions and loads are specified. A non-linear analysis was performed using shell elements on the chords, diagonals, plates and welds, and contact elements between the diagonals with stiffened flattened ends and the connecting plates. Initially, a numerical study of the connecting node and the stiffened flattened end was performed, and the results directed the modeling of the plane truss. The numerical results were calibrated with the experimental truss results in full scale. The numerical result of the plane truss was also compared to a theoretical study, considering the axial load eccentricity applied in the diagonal with stiffened flattened ends. The study was based on the consideration of combined effects of axial force and bending moment provided by the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 8800:2008. The final results indicate that the numerical model proposed is efficient and has good correlation with the experimental and theoretical results

JOGOS EDUCATIVOS: RECURSOS DIDÁTICOS UTILIZADOS NA MONITORIA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE

RESUMO Relato de experiência com objetivo de descrever a utilização de jogos na monitoria da disciplina Educação em Saúde. Tiveram-se como jogos: dominó, passa ou repassa, bingo, jogo da velha, jogo de dardos e jogo da memória, os quais foram adaptados aos conteúdos ministrados na disciplina. Todos foram desenvolvidos conforme os temas abordados em sala de aula, estabelecendo-se: dominó - conceitos de promoção da saúde, prevenção de doenças e educação em saúde; passa ou repassa - antecedentes históricos da Educação em Saúde; bingo - cartas de promoção da saúde; jogo da memória - características do aprendiz; jogo da velha - técnicas e estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem; jogo de dardos - abordagens de Paulo Freire. Concluiu-se que os jogos podem ser utilizados nas atividades de monitoria, adaptando-os aos conteúdos da disciplina