Medicine and Otorhinolaryngology in Ancient Egypt

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Use of DENLASE Diode Laser (980 nm/7 W) in Labial Frenectomy for a child of 11 years old

Labial frenum is the fold of mucosa that attaches specific area of inner  surface of upper lip to the specific area of alveolar mucosa. The adverse effects of a low-attaching frenum are: midline diastema, poor aesthetics and gingival recession. It can be treated either by conventional surgery (by scalpel, scissors and other surgical instruments) or, recently, by use of  laser technology. 11 years old Egyptian child complained of a midline diastema due to low attachment of upper labial frenum. Diode laser (980 nm) was used for frenectomy, pain during and postoperatively, bleeding and swelling were assessed. The actual procedure takes 4-6 minutes, no pain during and after operation, also no bleeding. The child felt soreness at the operation site for 3 days and uneventful healing with new tissues is evident within 12 days.Key words:Labial frenum, laser frenectomy, diode lasers

A comparative study on the mammalian pituitary

The existence of the pituitary body has been known since very early times. The Greeks, believed that the waste products of a certain chemical reaction in the brain flowed down the funnel-shaped infundibulum to the pituitary gland. From the gland, ducts were supposed to pass these waste products into the nasal cavity to form the " pituita" or nasal mucus.The fact that the pituitary body consists of two anatomical divisions, the anterior and posterior lobes, as well as the fact that its embryological origin is from two divergent primitive tissues, was disregarded in all pathological, physiological, and clinical work, until almost the close of the last century.Notwithstanding the numerous studies to which the pituitary has been subjected since the beginning of this century, many problems remain unsolved. It has claimed the attention of anatomists, histologists, embryologists, and physiologists because it is, as has been stated by Sir Walter Brown (1870 -1946), the "leader of the endocrine orchestra ".Studies relating to the development of the pituitary body have been numerous, although in many of them the consideration of the hypophysis has been only incidental to the other interests of the observer, and no single investigator has given a complete account of the morphogenesis of the gland throughout the whole of its development.The albino rat (Mus norvegicus) was chosen because: 1) the animal can breed well in confined quarters, 2) it has a short gestation period (21 days), 3) it has large litters, 4) the pituitary of the adult animal has been subjected to extensive cytological and experimental work, and 5) so far as it has been recorded, no investigation; except Schwind (1928), has attempted to describe the development of the pituitary in the rat.In particular, this present study is concerned with the morphogenesis of the pituitary body from the time of its first appearance during the embryonic life, until the age of sexual maturity of the animal. Special attention has been paid to the origin, topography, and cytology, as well as the qualitative and quantitative growth of its various lobes. The study also deals with some related problems such as the development of the cephalic end of the notochord in relation to the developing gland, and the development of the surrounding membranes, the nervous and blood supply, and the functional activity of the pituitary as shown by histological differentiation.The morphology of the P ituitary gland has been fully established for relatively few mammals, and for even fewer birds and reptiles, but nevertheless, recent studies (see below) of the hypophysial anatomy in several mammals have revealed marked variations in its morphology.Consequently, this study was undertaken in an attempt to trace the complete development of the pituitary body in a single mammal, namely the albino rat

MEASURING THE FACTORS IMPACTING CONSUMERS’ PURCHASE INTENTIONS OF FAST FASHION

This study investigates what factors influence fast fashion purchase intentions. This study focuses on: (1) hedonic and rational clothing attributes; (2) media exposure to the fashion world: (3) attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control based on TPB. This study tries to answer the following research questions: Does hedonic and rational factors impact attitude formation towards fast fashion purchasing intentions? Do media communication trigger consumers’ attitude formation, subjective norms and perceived behavior control? Do attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral impact consumers’ fast fashion purchasing intentions? This study used a quantitative research approach. This study used the SPSS to analyze 400 administrated questionnaires. Results showed a significant, positive, and strong relationship between hedonic shopping elements and attitude formation. The rational shopping elements proved to be insignificant when it comes to attitude formation towards fast fashion. This study indicated that purchase intentions for fashion apparel are supported by media communication. Media communication impacts attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in a significant, positive and strong manner. Finally, the analysis showed that attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a significant, positive and strong relationship with fast fashion purchasing intentions

Future challenges and paradigmatic changes in international arbitration: A peek behind the curtain

لا ينبغي للازدهار غير المسبوق الذي يشهده التحكيم الدولي والابتهاج الراهن به أن يحجب ع ّنا العديد من التحديات الماثلة أمامه. وبالرغم من أن بعض هذه التحديات ربما لا يخص سوى مسائل عملية، وإن كان بالوسع التعامل معها، إلا أن بعضها الآخر ربما يتحول إلى أزمة وجودية. فهل ينجو التحكيم من ردة الفعل المناوئة له؟ لقد تعرض التحكيم لاستقصاءات حادة من قبل المجتمع المدني، وظهرت العديد من الأصوات المنتقدة له والتي بدأت تتساءل عما إذا كان التحكيم الدولي وسيلًة مناسبة لتسوية المنازعات، ولا سيما تلك المنازعات التي قد تتولد عنها تداعيات خطيرة على السياسة العامة والسيادة الوطنية، مثل منازعات الاستثمار. وقد وصفت صحيفة الجارديان (ديسمبر 2013 (محاكم الاستثمار الدولية بأنها ”آلية سامة“ تسمح ”للشركات الكبرى بمقاضاة الحكومات أمام هيئات تحكيم سرية تشكل من محامين للشركات وتلتف على سلطة المحاكم الوطنية و تتجاوز إرادة البرلمانات“. هذا وقد حظي قانون جديد صدر في دولة قطر الشهر الماضي من أجل تحديث نظام التحكيم في هذا البلد العربي بالإشادة لكونه خطوة إيجابية على سبيل تشجيع الاستثمار الأجنبي في البلاد، وإن كان لا يزال بعض ممارسي التحكيم يتساءلون عما إذا كانت هذه الخطوة هي بالفعل فرصة ضائعة. وحتى يتم تغيير هذا التصور، يتعين على المحامين والمؤسسات التحكيمية أن يبرهنوا على المساهمة المرتقبة التي يمكن للتحكيم الدولي أن يحققها لسيادة القانون. ويتعين عليهم أيضاً أن يبرهنوا على أنه يمكن للتحكيم أن يعمل كنظام حر وشفاف يأخذ في الاعتبار المصلحة العامة، وأنه يمكنه أن يصبح قوة دفع نافعة لا لقطاع الأعمال فحسب بل للمجتمع المدني أيضا.The unprecedented growth of international arbitration and the current state of euphoria should not serve to obscure the several challenges that lie ahead. While some challenges may only concern practical, albeit manageable issues, others may well turn into existential crisis. Will arbitration survive the backlash against it? Arbitration has come under the intense scrutiny of civil society, with many critical voices questioning whether international arbitration is an appropriate mode of dispute resolution, particularly for disputes that have important implications on national public policy and sovereignty, such as investment disputes. The Guardian (December 2013) described international investment tribunals as a “toxic mechanism” that allows “big corporations to sue governments before secretive arbitration panels composed of corporate lawyers, which bypass domestic courts and override the will of parliaments”. Meanwhile, a new law enacted last month in Qatar modernizing the Arab nation’s arbitration regime is being praised as a welcome development to encourage foreign investment in the country, but some practitioners still question whether the measure is actually a missed opportunity. To change this perception, arbitration lawyers and institutions must demonstrate the potential contribution of international arbitration to the rule of law. They also need to demonstrate that arbitration can function as an open and transparent system that takes account of the public interest, and can be a force of good not only for business but for civil society too

Porin proteins of Salmonella typhimurium mediate adherence to macrophages

Salmonellosis continues to be a major infectious disease in both the United States and elsewhere. The outer membrane porin proteins (Omp) from Salmonella typhimurium play a key role in the initial adherence of this microorganism to murine macrophages and this mechanism is a critical event in the pathogenesis of infections. In this study macrophages were found to make contact with an OmpC-like protein of S. typhimurium and inhibition assays using the purified protein significantly reduced bacterial binding to macrophage. The ompC gene in a strain of S. typhimurium that is resistant to killing by macrophage was inactivated by transposon mutagenesis. Bacterial binding assays with these ompC-deficient bacteria and isogenic wild-type strains confirmed the role of the OmpC protein in mediating bacterial adherence to macrophages. The ompC gene of S. typhimurium was amplified using a polymerase chain reaction and the corresponding nucleotide sequence indicated that this gene was unique to our test strain. These results support the role of porin proteins as ligands in the initial adherence of this pathogen to host defense cells and may be helpful in developing strategies for disease prevention

The Value of Customer Relationship Management in the Service Industry in Egypt

Researchers have demonstrated that customer centricity strategies, including customer relationship management (CRM), contribute to 33% of the formula for organizational success. Relationship management theory was used to frame this single case study focused on the factors contributing to successful CRM strategies used by business leaders in a multinational organization in the service industry in Egypt. This company was chosen for its successful implementation of CRM strategies, as shown by online reviews, the company website, and market reputation on its effective campaing results. The population consisted of managers working in the marketing department for more than 5 years. Data collection included semistructured interviews, review of company documents, and onsite observation. Transcribed interviews, company documents, and observational notes were coded for emergent themes. Member checking was used to increase the credibility of the findings. Findings suggested 7 themes that contributed to effective the CRM strategies of this single operation: improving the customer experience, customer segmentation and targeting, improving customer satisfaction and loyalty, organization, market differentiation, sophisticated technical capability, and increasing revenue and profitability. The results from this study may influence social change by helping to create a positive work culture for the employees in this company. Research has shown that customer empowering behaviours positively affect employee creativity, satisfaction, and trust, creating a positive work environment. In addition, these positive changes to the work enviornment may in turn strengthen this organization\u27s sustainability and ability to engage directly in community outreach

Assessment Approach of Life Cycle of Vehicles Tyres on Egyptian Road Network

Recently the problem of used vehicle tires becomes in focus in Egypt. In this paper, the scope is to study life cycle of the yearly used tires by vehicles travelling on the Egyptian road network. For the first time, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is performed for tires used by the Egyptian road transportation fleet. Global Warming Potential (GWP), health toxicity, and Aquatic acidification are the main impact categories considered. The Life Cycle Impact Assessment Methodology (IMPACT2002+) is implemented for LCA analysis to encompass the transportation process of the yearly needed amount of tires, and the usage of the tires. At the nexus, data about transport demand and activity have been collected. Also, modal split ratios have been incorporated. It was found that, Egyptian road tires contributes mainly to GWP on the midpoint effect and also contributes mainly to the damage regarding terrestrial acidification and nitrification. Regarding the normalized effect, it was found that the highest contribution of used tyres on Egyptian road network is in respiratory effects on human health with 3.52*104(person year/kg) followed by terrestrial acidification of 3.1*104(person year/kg)