Spatial spillovers in public expenditure on a municipal level in Spain

A key function of local governments is to provide a wide array of public services. The supply of these services has been found to create spatial spillovers among neighbouring municipalities. Although it is generally agreed that spillovers are present in models that explain government expenditures, their type—whether endogenous, exogenous or residual—and sign—whether positive or negative—remain ambiguous. In most cases, a subjective process is used to select the type of spatial regression model used in analysis, with mixed results. Per capita expenditures of ten subprogrammes (Security, Housing, Welfare, Environment, Social services, Employment promotion, Health, Education, Culture and Sport) are analysed for all Spanish municipalities with more than 5000 inhabitants in the 2010–2012 period. A Spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regression methodology in a panel framework is used to incorporate correlation between different subprogrammes and spatial dependence. Our results show that the three types of spatial effects are present. Furthermore, substantive dependence is positive in most cases, while negative residual dependence is observed in some.We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of three anonymous reviewers in helping us improve the quality of this paper. Prof. Fernando A. López , grateful for the financial support offered by the projects from Programa de Ayudas a Grupos de Excelencia de la Región de Murcia, Fundación Seneca (#19884-GERM-15) and Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (ECO2015-651758)

Resumen de Tesis Doctoral: (2022). Un delito que ofende a Dios: Discursos, prácticas y representaciones del pecado nefando de sodomía en Castilla a finales del Antiguo Régimen (1700-1848), Murcia: Universidad de Murcia.

El proyecto Un delito que ofende a Dios surge de la necesaria reivindicación de la sexualidad como categoría de análisis en el seno de la Historia Social y de la Familia. Bajo el interés absoluto de comprender el proceso de profundo cambio social que se observa durante el siglo XVIII e inicios del siglo XIX, el objetivo primigenio de este estudio es, de hecho, la comprensión del fenómeno del pecado nefando de sodomía en Castilla. Sirviéndonos del arco cronológico 1700-1848, proponemos a su vez un espacio jurisdiccional, el castellano, que, a pesar de la importancia capital que adquiere para la conformación política de la Monarquía Española en la Edad Moderna, posee ciertas particularidades sociales, jurídicas y judiciales que merecen ser estudiadas de forma pormenorizada

Making a connection between counter-knowledge and student achievement goal orientations

[SPA] En este trabajo, hemos analizado las relaciones entre el contexto de desaprendizaje y el counter-knowledge (chismes, cotilleos o rumores que afectan a los alumnos y profesores) mediante un estudio empírico de 210 estudiantes con el fin de identificar si el impacto de desaprender afecta al rendimiento de los estudiantes (SGO). La metodología utilizada en este trabajo consiste en la construcción y el análisis de tres modelos estructurales. Mientras que en el primer modelo el counter-knowledge afecta las SGO directa e indirectamente a través del desaprendizaje intencional, en el segundo modelo que probamos, el counter-knowledge sólo afecta indirectamente a través del desaprendizaje intencional a las SGO. En el tercer modelo, se prueba un modelo de no mediación en el que el counter-knowledge sólo tiene efectos directos sobre el desaprendizaje y las SGO. El primer modelo es estadísticamente mejor que los otros dos modelos alternativos, lo que significa que el counterknowledge es un detonante importante para desaprender ya que contribuye a fomentar un proceso de desestabilización de los ambientes de las aulas.[ENG] In this paper, we have analyzed the relationships between an unlearning context and counter-knowledge using an empirical study of 210 students in order to identify whether the impact of unlearning on student achievement goal orientations (SGO) can be strength. The methodology used in this paper involves the construction and analysis of three structural models. Whereas in the first model counter-knowledge affects SGO directly and indirectly via the intentional unlearning, in the second model we test a fully mediated models in which counter-knowledge only affects SGO indirectly via the intentional unlearning. In the third model we test a nonmediated model in which counter-knowledge has only direct effects on the unlearning context and the SGO. The first model fitted better than the other alternative models, which means that counter-knowledge is an important trigger for unlearning as it contributes to a process of destabilization of the classroom environments

An inverse analysis method based on deflection to curvature transformation to determine the tensile properties of UHPFRC

“The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/[http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0434-0”[EN] The determination of the tensile properties of such a deflection hardening response material as UHPFRC is a serious challenge for both researchers and designers. This process involves many factors, such as specimen size, fibre orientation or test typology. The socalled inverse analysis is used to obtain the tensile constitutive properties that are consistent with the specimen response in a bending test. This work focuses on the inverse analysis process. The main aim is to develop a new back-calculation methodology, which is easy to implement, reliable, quick and is consistentwith the measurements taken from a four-point bending test. The new methodology proposed has been validated using an analytical formulation and the experimental results of others authors. This paper also includes an application example of how this methodology works.This work forms part of the ‘‘FIBAC’’ and ‘‘FISNE’’ research projects, with reference BIA2009-12722 and BIA2012-35776, respectively, supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness and the FEDER fund. Support for this project is gratefully acknowledged. We also wish to thank the Universitat Polite`cnica de Vale`ncia for its Excellence Scholarship (PAID-09-11), the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport for its FPU scholarship programme, and also Mr. Toshiyuki Kanakubo for his friendly treatment and help.López Martínez, JÁ.; Serna Ros, P.; Navarro Gregori, J.; Camacho Torregrosa, EE. (2015). An inverse analysis method based on deflection to curvature transformation to determine the tensile properties of UHPFRC. Materials and Structures. 48(11):3703-3718. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-0.14-0.434-0S37033718481

Psychophysiological, behavioral, and cognitive indices of the emotional response: a factor-analytic study

La investigación previa sobre los componentes de la respuesta emocional empleando estudios de análisis factorial ha proporcionado una estructura de dos factores (Lang, Greenwald, Bradley y Hamm, 1993; Cuthbert, Schupp, Bradley, Birbaumer y Lang, 2000). Sin embargo, el parpadeo reflejo de sobresalto, una medida ampliamente empleada de respuesta emocional, no se ha considerado hasta la fecha. Decidimos incluir dos parámetros del reflejo de sobresalto (magnitud y latencia) para explorar si esta respuesta se ajusta al modelo bifactorial de la emoción. Registramos el parpadeo reflejo de sobresalto acústico, la respuesta de conductancia de la piel, la tasa cardiaca, el tiempo de visión, y las evaluaciones de valencia y de arousal de 45 sujetos mientas miraban 54 representaciones del IAPS (18 desagradables, 18 neutrales, y 18 agradables). La factorización de todas las medidas proporcionó una solución de dos factores (valencia y arousal) que explicaban el 70% de la varianza. Aunque algunas medidas, incluyendo el cambio en tasa cardiaca, no se comportaban como se había predicho, nuestros resultados refuerzan el modelo bidimensional de la emoción y demuestran que el sobresalto se ajusta al modelo.Previous research on the components of the emotional response employing factor analytic studies has yielded a two-factor structure (Lang, Greenwald, Bradley, & Hamm, 1993; Cuthbert, Schupp, Bradley, Birbaumer, & Lang, 2000). However, the startle blink reflex, a widely employed measure of the emotional response, has not been considered to date. We decided to include two parameters of the startle reflex (magnitude and latency) in order to explore further how this response fits into the two-factor model of emotion. We recorded the acoustic startle blink response, skin conductance response, heart rate, free viewing time, and picture valence and arousal ratings of 45 subjects while viewing 54 pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS; 18 unpleasant, 18 neutral, and 18 pleasant). Factorizations of all measures gave a two-factor solution (valence and arousal) that accounted for 70% of the variance. Although some measurements, including heart rate change, did not behave as predicted, our results reinforce the two-dimension model of the emotion, and show that startle fits into the model

The Effect of Content and Physical Properties of Affective Pictures on Emotional Responses

The aim of this research was to study the influence of both the emotional content and the physical characteristics of affective stimuli on the psychophysiological, behavioural and cognitive indexes of the emotional response. We selected 54 pictures from the IAPS, depicting unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant contents, and used two picture sizes as experimental conditions (120 90 cm and 52 42 cm). Sixty-one subjects were randomly assigned to each experimental condition. We recorded the startle blink reflex, skin conductance response, heart rate, free viewing time, and picture valence and arousal ratings. In line with previous research (e.g., Bradley, Codispoti, Cuthbert, & Lang, 2001), our data showed an effect of the affective content on all the measurements recorded. Importantly, effects of the size of the affective pictures on emotional responses were not found, indicating that the emotional content is more important than the formal properties of the stimuli in evoking the emotional response.El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la influencia del contenido emocional y de las características físicas de los estímulos afectivos sobre los índices psicofisiológicos, conductuales y cognitivos de la respuesta emocional. Seleccionamos 54 imágenes del IAPS, representando contenidos desagradables, neutros y agradables y usamos dos tamaños de imagen como condiciones experimentales (120 90 cm y 52 42 cm). Los 61 sujetos que conformaban la muestra experimental se asignaron de forma aleatoria a cada condición experimental. Registramos el parpadeo reflejo de sobresalto, la respuesta de conductancia de la piel, la frecuencia cardiaca, el tiempo de visión y las estimaciones de valencia afectiva y arousal de las imágenes. De acuerdo con la investigación previa (p. ej., Bradley, Codispoti, Cuthbert y Lang, 2001), nuestros datos mostraron un efecto del contenido afectivo en todas las medidas registradas. Nuestros resultados no mostraron, sin embargo, efectos del tamaño de las imágenes afectivas sobre ninguna de las medidas registradas, lo que indica que el contenido afectivo es más importante que las propiedades formales de los estímulos para provocar respuestas emocionales

Nuevos datos sobre la estratigrafía de subsuelo del acuífero de Torrevieja (Alicante): implicaciones en el modelo conceptual de funcionamiento.

El análisis estratigráfico de sondeos de investigación realizados en el acuifera de Torrevieja pone de manifiesto la coincidencia de las unidades hidrogeológicas con las estratigráficas y permite una mayor precisión en la definición de las primeras al poder constatar que las variaciones internas dentro de las unidades estratigráficas tienen reflejo en la geometria de los acuiferos y los parámetros hidrogeológicos. Asi mismo, la interpretación genética de los sedimentos y la caracterización de las discontinuidades que los limitan permiten realizar una extrapolación predictiva de las caracteristicas geológicas de subsuelo que pueden ser aplicadas a la modelización de las unidades hidrogeológicas

Charge Transport in Trap-Sensitized Infrared PbS Quantum-Dot-Based Photoconductors: Pros and Cons

Control of quantum-dot (QD) surface chemistry offers a direct approach for the tuning of charge-carrier dynamics in photoconductors based on strongly coupled QD solids. We investigate the effects of altering the surface chemistry of PbS QDs in such QD solids via ligand exchange using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI). The roll-to-roll compatible doctor-blade technique was used for the fabrication of the QD solid films as the photoactive component in photoconductors and field-effect phototransistors. The ligand exchange of the QD solid film with MPA yields superior device performance with higher photosensitivity and detectivity, which is due to less dark current and lower noise level as compared to ligand exchange with TBAI. In both cases, the mechanism responsible for photoconductivity is related to trap sensitization of the QD solid, in which traps are responsible of high photoconductive gain values, but slow response times under very low incident optical power (100 pW), where traps are filled, both MPA- and TBAI-treated photodevices exhibit similar behavior, characterized by lower responsivity and faster response time, as limited by the mobility in the QD solid

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