Interactivity in Latin American digital journalism. An analysis of the main digital media of Colombia, Mexico and Ecuador (2016)

Introduction: Latin America, in general terms, is a continent with several contextual levels, which depend on historic, economic, political and social characteristics. Despite all this, there are aspects -such as digital divide- that occur again, to a greater or lesser extent, in the different Latin American countries. This digital divide promotes partially disconnected -and thus, invisible- societies, and tends to slow down possibilities of innovation and development of digital journalism. Methodology: In this study, and from the methodology proposed by Rodríguez, Codina and Pedraza (2012), we have analysed the management of interactivity in the main digital media in Mexico, Colombia and Ecuador in 2016. Results and conclusions: The results show a generally low implementation of interactivity options in digital ecosystems in these three Latin American countries. © 2017, University of La Laguna. All rights reserved

Management of firearm facial fractures at the ‘‘Dr. José Eleuterio González’’: University Hospital Case Report

Gunshot wounds in the facial region produce important functional disabilities if they are not properly treated. They may also cause an important effect in the social and psychological development of the patient because of the aesthetic problems that they produce. This article presents a case of a 20 years-old female patient who was referred to our institution because of facial trauma secondary to a gunshot wound, whose treatment consisted of multiple reconstructive surgeries in order to obtain an adequate, functional and esthetic result. Also, we did a review of the bibliography in order to establish the proper management of the wounds found in these type of cases

The interplay between ionized gas and massive stars in the HII galaxy IIZw70: integral field spectroscopy with PMAS

We performed an integral field spectroscopic study for the HII galaxy IIZw70 in order to investigate the interplay between its ionized interstellar medium (ISM) and the massive star formation (SF). Observations were taken in the optical spectral range (3700-6800 A) with the Potsdam Multi-Aperture Spectrophotometer (PMAS) attached to the 3.5 m telescope at CAHA. We created and analysed maps of spatially distributed emission-lines, continuum emission and properties of the ionized ISM (e.g. physical-chemical conditions, dust extinction, kinematics). We investigated the relation of these properties to the spatial distribution and evolutionary stage of the massive stars. For the first time we have detected the presence of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in this galaxy. The peak of the ionized gas emission coincides with the location of the WR bump. The region of the galaxy with lower dust extinction corresponds to the region that shows the lowest values of velocity dispersion and radial velocity. The overall picture suggests that the ISM of this region is being disrupted via photoionization and stellar winds, leading to a spatial decoupling between gas+stars and dust clouds. The bulk of dust appears to be located at the boundaries of the region occupied by the probable ionizing cluster. We also found that this region is associated to the nebular emission in HeII4686 and to the intensity maximum of most emission lines. This indicates that the hard ionizing radiation responsible for the HeII4686 nebular emission can be related to the youngest stars. Within $\sim$ 0.4 x 0.3 kpc^2 in the central burst, we derived O/H using direct determinations of Te[OIII]. We found abundances in the range 12+log(O/H)=7.65-8.05, yielding an error-weighted mean of 12+log(O/H)=7.86 $\pm$0.05.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, minor changes adde

The role of snow in scavenging aerosol particles: A physical-chemical characterization

[EN] The below cloud scavenging of aerosols by snow has been analysed in León (NW Spain). Six snow events were registered over the course of one year of study. Ultrafine and accumulation aerosol particles were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer, while hydrometeors were characterized using a disdrometer. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the melted snow-water samples (soluble and insoluble fractions) was analysed. The scavenging coefficient (λ) showed a great variability among events. An effective washing of particles was observed during the first 30 min of snowfall. The mean change in the scavenging efficiency (%ΔC) of particle number concentration (PNC) and λ coefficient during this time interval were: i) nucleation mode: 36.3 % and 3.02 · 10−4 s−1; ii) Aitken mode: 30.4 % and 2.37 · 10−4 s−1 and iii) accumulation mode: 22.4 % and 1.77 · 10−4 s−1. The range of particle sizes that is less efficiently scavenged by snowfall was observed between 400 and 600 nm. When analyzing the whole snow event, an increase of PNC was observed. Two possible explanations underlie this behaviour: it could be caused by changes in air masses or by the resuspension of aerosol particles scavenged by snowflakes upon reaching the ground. A clear relationship was observed between Ca2+, SO42− and NO3− concentrations of aerosol particles before the snow event and the concentrations registered in the melted snow-water. The largest and smallest changes in aerosol number concentrations were caused by snowflakes of 3 and 6 mm in diameter, respectively. The particle size distributions (PSD) were fitted to log-normal distributions and the parameters were compared before and after snowfall.S

The star formation history and metal content of the "Green Peas". New detailed GTC-OSIRIS spectrophotometry of three galaxies

We present deep broad-band imaging and long-slit spectroscopy of three compact, low-mass starburst galaxies at redshift z\sim0.2-0.3, also referred to as Green Peas (GP). We measure physical properties of the ionized gas and derive abundances for several species with high precision. We find that the three GPs display relatively low extinction, low oxygen abundances, and remarkably high N/O ratios We also report on the detection of clear signatures of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in these galaxies. We carry out a pilot spectral synthesis study using a combination of both population and evolutionary synthesis models. Their outputs are in qualitative agreement, strongly suggesting a formation history dominated by starbursts. In agreement with the presence of WR stars, these models show that these GPs currently undergo a major starburst producing between ~4% and ~20% of their stellar mass. However, as models imply, they are old galaxies having had formed most of their stellar mass several Gyr ago. The presence of old stars has been spectroscopically verified in one of the galaxies by the detection of Mg I 5167, 5173 absorption line. Additionally, we perform a surface photometry study based on HST data, that indicates that the three galaxies posses an exponential low-surface brightness envelope. If due to stellar emission, the latter is structurally compatible to the evolved hosts of luminous BCD/HII galaxies, suggesting that GPs are identifiable with major episodes in the assembly history of local BCDs. These conclusions highlight the importance of these objects as laboratories for studying galaxy evolution at late cosmic epochs.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures and 7 tables. Accepted for publication in Ap

Chitosan/Poly(Dllactide-Co-Glycolide) Scaffolds for Tis- sue Engineering

Abstract Chitosan/poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (Ch/DL PLG) composite scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-drying lyophilization, and were evaluated and compared for use as a bone regeneration scaffold through measurements of the compression mechanical properties of the porous scaffolds. Also, In vitro cell culture of Sprague-Dawley rat's osteoblasts were used to evaluate the phenotype expression of cells in the scaffolds, characterizing the cellular adhesion, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity. The gene expression of osteocalcin, sialoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, Type I collagen and TGFb1 were confirmed in the samples; moreover, it was confirmed, the mineralization by IR spectra and EDS analysis. Our results thus show that Ch/DL PLG scaffolds are suitable for biological applications

A synaptically connected hypothalamic magnocellular vasopressin-locus coeruleus neuronal circuit and its plasticity in response to emotional and physiological stress

The locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) system modulates a range of salient brain functions, including memory and response to stress. The LC-NE system is regulated by neurochemically diverse inputs, including a range of neuropeptides such as arginine-vasopressin (AVP). Whilst the origins of many of these LC inputs, their synaptic connectivity with LC neurons, and their contribution to LC-mediated brain functions, have been well characterized, this is not the case for the AVP-LC system. Therefore, our aims were to define the types of synapses formed by AVP+ fibers with LC neurons using immunohistochemistry together with confocal and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the origins of such inputs, using retrograde tracers, and the plasticity of the LC AVP system in response to stress and spatial learning, using the maternal separation (MS) and Morris water maze (MWM) paradigms, respectively, in rat. Confocal microscopy revealed that AVP+ fibers contacting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ LC neurons were also immunopositive for vesicular glutamate transporter 2, a marker of presynaptic glutamatergic axons. TEM confirmed that AVP+ axons formed Gray type I (asymmetric) synapses with TH+ dendrites thus confirming excitatory synaptic connections between these systems. Retrograde tracing revealed that these LC AVP+ fibers originate from hypothalamic vasopressinergic magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (AVPMNNs). MS induced a significant increase in the density of LC AVP+ fibers. Finally, AVPMNN circuit upregulation by water-deprivation improved MWM performance while increased Fos expression was found in LC and efferent regions such as hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, suggesting that AVPMMN projections to LC could integrate homeostatic responses modifying neuroplasticity

VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l. in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design, construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory. HAWC is an air-shower array currently under construction at the same site of VAMOS with the purpose to study the TeV sky. The VAMOS setup included six water Cherenkov detectors and two different data acquisition systems. It was in operation between October 2011 and May 2012 with an average live time of 30%. Besides the scientific verification purposes, the eight months of data were used to obtain the results presented in this paper: the detector response to the Forbush decrease of March 2012, and the analysis of possible emission, at energies above 30 GeV, for long gamma-ray bursts GRB111016B and GRB120328B.Comment: Accepted for pubblication in Astroparticle Physics Journal (20 pages, 10 figures). Corresponding authors: A.Marinelli and D.Zaboro

Characterisation of thermo-hygrometric conditions of an archaeological site affected by unlike boundary weather conditions

This paper applies statistical techniques to analyse microclimatic data (temperature and relative humidity) recorded at the archaeological site of Plaza de l'Almoina (Valencia, Spain). This study has allowed us to quantify the effect of certain measures that were adopted for preventive conservation. The first monitoring campaign took place in 2010 at this archaeological site, showing harmful effects on the conservation state of the remains due to the presence of a skylight that partly covers the remains and causes a greenhouse effect. This skylight was covered with a water layer to prevent overheating of this archaeological site. However, this layer was removed in 2013 due to water leaks, and the indoor conditions changed. Over the summer, a temporary canvas was installed over the skylight to avoid heating of the archaeological site below by preventing the incidence of direct sunlight. The main importance of this work was to characterise the effect of unlike boundary weather conditions of different years in the indoor microclimate of the archaeological site, and to study the effect of the new boundary situation. This paper shows that the removal of water from the skylight caused a temperature increase inside the museum; meanwhile, the subsequent installation of the canvas cover allows appropriate daily cycles of temperature and relative humidity, especially in areas under the skylight. This work also shows that the replacement of a water ditch near the archaeological site by a PVC pipe was also detected by the sensors due to the difference in water vapour pressure.This work was partially supported by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion) with grants numbers HAR2010-21944-C02-01 and HAR2010-21944-C02-02. The authors thank the personal collaboration of the archaeologist Albert Ribera and Carmen Perez.Merello Gimenez, P.; Fernández Navajas, A.; Curiel Esparza, J.; Zarzo Castelló, M.; García Diego, FJ. (2014). Characterisation of thermo-hygrometric conditions of an archaeological site affected by unlike boundary weather conditions. Building and Environment. 76:125-133. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.03.009S1251337