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The regulating effect of light on the content of flavan-3-ols and derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acids in the callus culture of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis L

The objective was the study of the regulating effect of light on the composition and contents of phenolic compounds in the callus culture of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) grown for 28 days in the light (16-h photoperiod) or in the dark. For the analyses of phenolic compounds, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography in combination with a photodiode array detector and a high-resolution Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-HRMS/MS) was used. Nineteen phenolic compounds were characterized. The main phenolic compounds were flavan-3-ols (mono- and oligomers of flavan-3-ols) and derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acids (mono- and digalloyl glucoses, hexosides of 2,5- and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic and salicylic acids). It was shown that the growth of the tea callus in the light or in the dark does not affect the composition of phenolic compounds, but differently affects the content of flavan-3-ols and derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acids. In the callus grown in the light, the content of flavan-3-ols was about 2-fold higher than in the dark. On the contrary, the content of derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acids in the light was at average 3-fold lower. The regulating role of light in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, as well as light control of the distribution of carbon flux between the branches of the shikimate pathway, which are associated with the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols and hydroxybenzoic acids, are discussed.</p

Межрегиональные сопоставления в дошкольном образовании: система рейтинговых оценок

The authors argue that ranking assessment in education has become a very popular subject for discussion in the educational community and among personnel of education authorities. It is demonstrated that a reliable regional ranking is a kind of a benchmarking as it enables each region not only to see its achievements and failures, but to overcome the current difficulties taking into account the achievements of the neighbors. In this regard the word «reliable» is of particular importance. It is the authors’ opinion that the calculations are based on a serious methodology, specially selected meaningfully interpreted indicators comparable by regions, reliable information database -data from the federal statistical observation (results of annual federal statistical observations on the activities of preschool educational organizations, on consumer prices, etc.). The comparisons of regional preschool education systems are interesting in themselves, as it is in the early childhood that, regardless of the place of residence, a foundation for a child’s socialization and outcomes of his further education are created. The article presents a comparative analysis of various aspects of the preschool education system functioning in the regions of Russia based on a complex of ranking assessments for 2010 and 2012. The objects of the research are 83 regional preschool education systems.Авторами аргументируется актуальность темы рейтингования в образовании, которая стала весьма популярной для обсуждения в образовательном сообществе и среди работников органов управления образованием. Доказывается, что вызывающие доверие региональные рейтинги представляют собой своеобразный «бенчмаркинг», поскольку не только позволяют каждому региону увидеть свои достижения и просчеты, но и найти, ориентируясь на достижения соседей, пути преодоления текущих сложностей. Здесь особое значение имеет слово «доверие». Именно так можно оценить те характеристики региональных различий, которые представлены в статье. По мнению авторов, расчетные данные базируются на серьезной методологии, специально отобранных и имеющих содержательную интерпретацию показателях, которые можно сопоставлять в региональном разрезе, надежной информационной базе - данных федерального статистического наблюдения - результатах ежегодных федеральных статистических наблюдений за деятельностью дошкольных образовательных организаций, за потребительскими ценами и др. Сопоставление региональных систем дошкольного образования имеет самостоятельный интерес, поскольку именно в раннем детстве независимо от места проживания закладываются основы социализации ребенка и результаты его дальнейшего обучения. В статье приводится сравнительный анализ различных аспектов функционирования системы дошкольного образования в российских регионах на основе комплекса рейтинговых оценок за 2010 и 2012 гг. Объектом исследования выступают 83 региональные системы дошкольного образования

In Situ SERS Sensing by a Laser-Induced Aggregation of Silver Nanoparticles Templated on a Thermoresponsive Polymer

A stimuli-responsive (pH- and thermoresponsive) micelle-forming diblock copolymer, poly(1,2-butadiene) 290 - block -poly( N , N -dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) 240 (PB- b -PDMAEMA), was used as a polymer template for the in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through Ag + complexation with PDMAEMA blocks, followed by the reduction of the bound Ag + with sodium borohydride. A successful synthesis of the AgNPs on a PB- b -PDMAEMA micellar template was confirmed by means of UV–Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, wherein the shape and size of the AgNPs were determined. A phase transition of the polymer matrix in the AgNPs/PB- b -PDMAEMA metallopolymer hybrids, which results from a collapse and aggregation of PDMAEMA blocks, was manifested by changes in the transmittance of their aqueous solutions as a function of temperature. A SERS reporting probe, 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA), was used to demonstrate a laser-induced enhancement of the SERS signal observed under constant laser irradiation. The local heating of the AgNPs/PB- b -PDMAEMA sample in the laser spot is thought to be responsible for the triggered SERS effect, which is caused by the approaching of AgNPs and the generation of “hot spots” under a thermo-induced collapse and the aggregation of the PDMAEMA blocks of the polymer matrix. The triggered SERS effect depends on the time of a laser exposure and on the concentration of 4-MPBA. Possible mechanisms of the laser-induced heating for the AgNPs/PB- b -PDMAEMA metallopolymer hybrids are discussed

FAST: An international, multicenter, randomized, phase II trial of epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine (EOX) with or without IMAB362, a first-in-class anti-CLDN18.2 antibody, as first-line therapy in patients with advanced CLDN18.2+ gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma

Background: Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a tight junction protein expressed by several cancers including gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma. IMAB362 is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that mediates specific killing of CLDN18.2-positive cancer cells by activation of immune effector mechanisms. IMAB362 has demonstrated single-agent activity and was safe and tolerable in patients (pts) with pretreated gastric cancer. Methods: Pts with advanced/recurrent gastric and GEJ cancer were centrally evaluated for CLDN18.2 expression by IHC (validated CLAUDETECT18.2 Kit). Eligible pts had a CLDN18.2 expression of ≥ 2+ in ≥ 40% tumor cells, an ECOG PS of 0–1 and were not eligible for trastuzumab. Pts were randomized 1:1 to first-line EOX..

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Transaction costs in the interaction of logistics and marketing in the procurement

The individual solutions in the field of logistics and marketing may not be the same, and even confront each other to some extent that should be considered during the coordination enterprise marketing and logistics services. Supply is one of company main activities in any industry, so the provision of an efficient interaction between logistics and marketing services in the procurement is of particular importance. Taking into account the current development of logistics and marketing within the cross-functional interaction improvement it should be noted that the transaction costs make an integral part of this interaction in procurement activities. Having analyzed the types of procurement activities and having distinguished the responsibilities of logistics and marketing, the article specifies the types of transaction costs arising during the operation of these services and which are responsible for their size. On the basis of logistics and marketing service influence differentiation, the ways of transaction cost optimization are developed, which may lead to the decrease of an enterprise overall logistic costs: 1. The reduction of information search transaction costs through the use of an e-procurement system. 2. The reduction of transaction and coordination costs, registration and paper document drawing up costs through the introduction of electronic documents, which will facilitate the coordination according to conflict parameters, will allow eliminating the repetition of the same operations. 3. The reduction of transaction costs at electronic procurements. The conclusion of contracts with suppliers for a long time, the provision of supplier guarantees to a company will allow to reduce this type of costs. The transaction costs study at the enterprises revealed that the efficiency of supply activity improvement will contribute to the process of these costs management at the separation of logistic and marketing service functions. The ways of transaction costs optimization are developed, taking into account the relationship of marketing and logistics in the following aspects: 1. Marketing tracks and defines the appeared demand and logistics provides the physical promotion of demanded supply commodities; 2. Marketing poses the problem of the system approach to the organization of product distribution, and logistics studies the methods of technical and technological integration of all product distribution participants

Transaction costs in the interaction of logistics and marketing in the procurement

The individual solutions in the field of logistics and marketing may not be the same, and even confront each other to some extent that should be considered during the coordination enterprise marketing and logistics services. Supply is one of company main activities in any industry, so the provision of an efficient interaction between logistics and marketing services in the procurement is of particular importance. Taking into account the current development of logistics and marketing within the cross-functional interaction improvement it should be noted that the transaction costs make an integral part of this interaction in procurement activities. Having analyzed the types of procurement activities and having distinguished the responsibilities of logistics and marketing, the article specifies the types of transaction costs arising during the operation of these services and which are responsible for their size. On the basis of logistics and marketing service influence differentiation, the ways of transaction cost optimization are developed, which may lead to the decrease of an enterprise overall logistic costs: 1. The reduction of information search transaction costs through the use of an e-procurement system. 2. The reduction of transaction and coordination costs, registration and paper document drawing up costs through the introduction of electronic documents, which will facilitate the coordination according to conflict parameters, will allow eliminating the repetition of the same operations. 3. The reduction of transaction costs at electronic procurements. The conclusion of contracts with suppliers for a long time, the provision of supplier guarantees to a company will allow to reduce this type of costs. The transaction costs study at the enterprises revealed that the efficiency of supply activity improvement will contribute to the process of these costs management at the separation of logistic and marketing service functions. The ways of transaction costs optimization are developed, taking into account the relationship of marketing and logistics in the following aspects: 1. Marketing tracks and defines the appeared demand and logistics provides the physical promotion of demanded supply commodities; 2. Marketing poses the problem of the system approach to the organization of product distribution, and logistics studies the methods of technical and technological integration of all product distribution participants

La Patrie : journal quotidien, politique, commercial et littéraire

23 mars 18741874/03/23 (A34)