THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS ON ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING: A STUDY ON EDUCATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the motivational factors that affect the organizational learning in the education sector of Pakistan. Self-administrated questionnaire with 5 point Likert scale is used for primary data collection and research journals and articles are used for secondary data collection. The sample size of the study is consisted of hundred academic employees of different educational institutes of Lahore. SPSS is used for measuring the relationships between variables and interpretations of their relationship. Organizational learning mainly depends upon peer cooperation motivational factor. As the peer cooperation increases in an organization, it leads the organization towards learning. Peer cooperation has  a strong effect on organizational learning as a motivational factor in the education sector. A high level of peer cooperation in any organization helps in enhancing its learning. Furthermore, according to data analysis all other motivational factors used in this study i.e. working condition, recognition and reward has very small or no effect on learning of any organization. So, we can conclude that, among four different motivational factors i.e. peer cooperation, working condition, recognition and rewards, only peer cooperation has a strong relationship with organizational learning as compared to other factors

Exploring the Organizational Factors That Influence Creativity: A Study on Advertising Agencies of Pakistan

Present study aims to study the factors affecting creativity in the advertisements in Pakistan. KEYS encouragement of creativity, autonomy or freedom, resources, pressures, and organizational impediments to Creativity and Innovation assessment tool was used to identify factors affecting creativity. The findings show that though the top management in advertising agencies encourage their employees to be creative by offering financial rewards and verbal encouragement, but the clients they were working for, generally do not accept creative ideas to market their brand because of unwillingness to take risks and limitations in budgets. The findings of the study will help the branding agencies and brands to work together for creating an environment that fosters creativity in their organizations which can then be reflected in the advertisements.&nbsp

Riba Free Loan in Islamic Finance: Key to Social Development and Welfare

Worldwide Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) do not offer loan for avoiding interest/usury, confine their Shariah interpretations to a particular school of thought and offer products for rich people only. Loans are however demanded by the underdeveloped social actors in economy for welfare and development. As per Islam usury (Riba) free loan (Qard – e – Hassan or Dain) is a key to social development. Modern implicit and explicit shapes of master-servant relation among individuals and institutions are legal phenomena with diversified standards and patterns. As per Jaferia school of thought, Islam allows presetting Hadya (gift) in loans among master-servant. These options were utilized by our study for proposing a Pro-Hadya Riba Free Loan among master-servant. Such model of loaning can help stakeholders of Islamic finance improving the existing landscape from pro-commercial creed to pro - social development approach. It is further a potential replacement of fixed rate of interest/usury with Hadya. Such loan can be utilized for turning pension, gratuity, provident fund and other investment schemes Shariah based easily by taking advantage of master-servant setup. Findings and recommendations of this study contributes novel and further invites future research on its engineered model of loaning

Riba Free Loan in Islamic Finance: Key to Social Development and Welfare

Worldwide Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) do not offer loan for avoiding interest/usury, confine their Shariah interpretations to a particular school of thought and offer products for rich people only. Loans are however demanded by the underdeveloped social actors in economy for welfare and development. As per Islam usury (Riba) free loan (Qard – e – Hassan or Dain) is a key to social development. Modern implicit and explicit shapes of master-servant relation among individuals and institutions are legal phenomena with diversified standards and patterns. As per Jaferia school of thought, Islam allows presetting Hadya (gift) in loans among master-servant. These options were utilized by our study for proposing a Pro-Hadya Riba Free Loan among master-servant. Such model of loaning can help stakeholders of Islamic finance improving the existing landscape from pro-commercial creed to pro - social development approach. It is further a potential replacement of fixed rate of interest/usury with Hadya. Such loan can be utilized for turning pension, gratuity, provident fund and other investment schemes Shariah based easily by taking advantage of master-servant setup. Findings and recommendations of this study contributes novel and further invites future research on its engineered model of loaning

Gendered immobility: influence of social roles and local context on mobility decisions in Pakistan

This paper examines the instances of one-day immobility in Pakistan and reports its socio-demographic determinants using the nationally representative dataset of the 2007 Pakistan Time Use Survey. Of 37,830 time diary respondents, nearly 30% did not report travel during the diary day. Homemakers and those out of the workforce were more likely to be immobile than employed or student respondents. Immobility rates were very high among women (55%) as compared to men (4%). Among women, those between 20 and 34 years of age, married, with children, having better education, dependent on other household members and those living in higher income households were more likely to be immobile. The excessive gender nature of immobility seems to be triggered by a gender-based sociocultural environment, which restricts female mobility due to family honor concerns. Other than this, those living in the provinces of Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa or in urban areas were more likely to be immobile than those living in Punjab and Sindh provinces or in rural areas. The significant geographic effect at broader spatial scale is caused by the demographic structure as well as due to differences in the social and cultural context of these areas. Finally, questions regarding the measurement of immobility and the potential implications of increased female immobility are discussed

Shariah Compliant Model of Currency Management: Expanding Landscape from Micro to Macro Level Research

 The current interest based economic system is predominantly governed by capitalistic approach. Repetitive crisis in prevalent financial system indicated its structural flaws demanding a more viable financial system. Serendipiciously Islamic Finance (IF) appeared as a viable alternate to capitalistic system. Though IF is one of the fastest growing sectors, however, currently it is focused on microeconomic contracts between IFIs and their clients. To capitalise on the inherent strengths of IF it is needed to encompass the overall economic system in compliance with Shariah principles. Taking this into account, this qualitative and conceptual study – methodologically and substantively analyses the prevalent currency management in general and with particular reference to Pakistan for contriving its Shariah compliant mechanism. In light of Quran, Sunnah, opinions of Shariah experts it applies induction and deduction while analyzing how the prevalent currency management as per M0 is deviant from Shariah principles. Expecting good accrual of IF, it figures out the possible Shariah compliant version of M0. Subsequently our study compares the Shariah compliant version of M0 with the actual Islamic currency management model that was adopted by caliphs in ancient times. It thus contributes how to expand the horizon of Islamic finance from micro to essential macroeconomic function of currency management in an Islamic state.

Impact Analysis of Large-Scale Wind Farms Integration in Weak Transmission Grid from Technical Perspectives

The integration of commercial onshore large-scale wind farms into a national grid comes with several technical issues that predominately ensure power quality in accordance with respective grid codes. The resulting impacts are complemented with the absorption of larger amounts of reactive power by wind generators. In addition, seasonal variations and inter-farm wake effects further deteriorate the overall system performance and restrict the optimal use of available wind resources. This paper presented an assessment framework to address the power quality issues that have arisen after integrating large-scale wind farms into weak transmission grids, especially considering inter-farm wake effect, seasonal variations, reactive power depletion, and compensation with a variety of voltage-ampere reactive (Var) devices. Herein, we also proposed a recovery of significant active power deficits caused by the wake effect via increasing hub height of wind turbines. For large-scale wind energy penetration, a real case study was considered for three wind farms with a cumulative capacity of 154.4 MW integrated at a Nooriabad Grid in Pakistan to analyze their overall impacts. An actual test system was modeled in MATLAB Simulink for a composite analysis. Simulations were performed for various scenarios to consider wind intermittency, seasonal variations across four seasons, and wake effect. The capacitor banks and various flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices were employed for a comparative analysis with and without considering the inter-farm wake effect. The power system parameters along with active and reactive power deficits were considered for comprehensive analysis. Unified power flow controller (UPFC) was found to be the best compensation device through comparative analysis, as it maintained voltage at nearly 1.002 pu, suppressed frequency transient in a range of 49.88-50.17 Hz, and avoided any resonance while maintaining power factors in an allowable range. Moreover, it also enhanced the power handling capability of the power system. The 20 m increase in hub height assisted the recovery of the active power deficit to 48%, which thus minimized the influence of the wake effect

Pak-Afghan Relationship: Obstacles and Opportunities

The primary purpose of the article is to examine the complex nature of the Pakistani and Afghani relationship. Our strained relationship is sometimes attributed to the fact that Afghanistan has been militarily prepared as a unified force for policy purposes ever since Pakistan's founding in 1947. The objective of the study is to figure out why there has been animosity between Pakistan and Afghanistan, despite the fact that Afghanistan is a neighboring country. The fundamental issue is the government's ability to acknowledge the Durand line disagreement. Although the Durand Line is recognized internationally, the Afghan ethnic group does not. Nonetheless, trade and other operations between Afghanistan and Pakistan are conducted across this boundary. A constructive approach is applied to elaborate the relationships which can be bolstered through negative communication and two-way dialogue. The study evaluates that both Pakistan and Afghanistan need to sit down together in awe as the deadline for resolving the Taliban's Durand Line other aims approaches