44 research outputs found
A categorification of Morelli's theorem
We prove a theorem relating torus-equivariant coherent sheaves on toric
varieties to polyhedrally-constructible sheaves on a vector space. At the level
of K-theory, the theorem recovers Morelli's description of the K-theory of a
smooth projective toric variety. Specifically, let be a proper toric
variety of dimension and let M_\bR = \mathrm{Lie}(T_\bR^\vee)\cong \bR^n
be the Lie algebra of the compact dual (real) torus T_\bR^\vee\cong U(1)^n.
Then there is a corresponding conical Lagrangian \Lambda \subset T^*M_\bR and
an equivalence of triangulated dg categories \Perf_T(X) \cong
\Sh_{cc}(M_\bR;\Lambda), where \Perf_T(X) is the triangulated dg category of
perfect complexes of torus-equivariant coherent sheaves on and
\Sh_{cc}(M_\bR;\Lambda) is the triangulated dg category of complex of sheaves
on M_\bR with compactly supported, constructible cohomology whose singular
support lies in . This equivalence is monoidal---it intertwines the
tensor product of coherent sheaves on with the convolution product of
constructible sheaves on M_\bR.Comment: 20 pages. This is a strengthened version of the first half of
arXiv:0811.1228v3, with new results; the second half becomes
arXiv:0811.1228v
Evaluation of a Tool for Airborne-Managed In-Trail Approach Spacing
The Advanced Terminal Area Approach Spacing (ATAAS) tool uses Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast aircraft state data to compute a speed command for an ATAAS-equipped aircraft to follow and obtain a required time interval behind another aircraft. The ATAAS tool and candidate operational procedures were tested in a high-fidelity, full mission simulator with active airline subject pilots flying an arrival scenario to obtain pilot perceptions of acceptability and workload for the concept. The aircraft consistently achieved the target spacing interval within 1 s when the ATAAS speed guidance was autothrottle-coupled and a slightly greater (4 - 5 s) but consistent interval with pilot-controlled speed changes. The subject pilots rated the ATAAS workload as similar to one with standard procedures for a nominal Instrument Landing System (ILS) approach. They also rated highly various procedural aspects (including amount of head-down time required). Eyetracker data showed only slight changes in instrument scan patterns for ATAAS versus standard ILS procedures
Resurrection and redescription of Varestrongylus alces (Nematoda; Protostrongylidae), a lungworm of the Eurasian moose (Alces alces), with report on associated pathology
Varestrongylus alces, a lungworm in Eurasian moose from Europe has been considered a
junior synonym of Varestrongylus capreoli, in European roe deer, due to a poorly detailed
morphological description and the absence of a type-series.
Methods
Specimens used in the redescription were collected from lesions in the lungs of Eurasian
moose, from Vestby, Norway. Specimens were described based on comparative morphology
and integrated approaches. Molecular identification was based on PCR, cloning and
sequencing of the ITS-2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis
compared V. alces ITS-2 sequences to these of other Varestrongylus species and other
protostrongylids.
Results
Varestrongylus alces is resurrected for protostrongylid nematodes of Eurasian moose from
Europe. Varestrongylus alces causes firm nodular lesions that are clearly differentiated from
the adjacent lung tissue. Histologically, lesions are restricted to the parenchyma with adult,
egg and larval parasites surrounded by multinucleated giant cells, macrophages, eosinophilic
granulocytes, lymphocytes. The species is valid and distinct from others referred to
Varestrongylus, and should be separated from V. capreoli. Morphologically, V. alces can be
distinguished from other species by characters in the males that include a distally bifurcated
gubernaculum, arched denticulate crura, spicules that are equal in length and relatively short,
and a dorsal ray that is elongate and bifurcated. Females have a well-developed provagina,
and are very similar to those of V. capreoli. Morphometrics of first-stage larvae largely
overlap with those of other Varestrongylus. Sequences of the ITS-2 region strongly support
mutual independence of V. alces, V. cf. capreoli, and the yet undescribed species of
Varestrongylus from North American ungulates. These three taxa form a well-supported
crown-clade as the putative sister of V. alpenae. The association of V. alces and Alces or its
ancestors is discussed in light of host and parasite phylogeny and host historical
biogeography.
Varestrongylus alces is a valid species, and should be considered distinct from V. capreoli.
Phylogenetic relationships among Varestrongylus spp. from Eurasia and North America are
complex and consistent with faunal assembly involving recurrent events of geographic
expansion, host switching and subsequent speciation.
Cervidae, Cryptic species, Historical biogeography, ITS-2, Metastrongyloidea, Parasite
biodiversity, Varestrongylinae, Varestrongylus capreoli, Verminous pneumoniapublishedVersio
Economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on families of children with autism and other developmental disabilities
BackgroundTo control the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), many jurisdictions throughout the world enacted public health measures that had vast socio-economic implications. In emergency situations, families of children with developmental disabilities (DDs), including autism, may experience increased difficulty accessing therapies, economic hardship, and caregiver stress, with the potential to exacerbate autism symptoms. Yet, limited research exists on the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on families of children with autism or another DD compared to families of children from the general population.ObjectivesTo assess impact of the COVID-19 pandemic related to parental employment and economic difficulties in families of children with autism, another DD, and in the general population, considering potential modification by socioeconomic disadvantage before the pandemic and levels of child behavioral and emotional problems.MethodsThe Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) is a multi-site, multi-phase, case-control study of young children with autism or another DD as compared to a population comparison group (POP). During January-July 2021, a COVID-19 Impact Assessment Questionnaire was sent to eligible participants (n=1,789) who had enrolled in SEED Phase 3 from September 2017-March 2020. Parents completed a questionnaire on impacts of the pandemic in 2020 and completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to measure behavioral and emotional health of their child during this time. Multiple logistic regression models were built for employment reduction, increased remote work, difficulty paying bills, or fear of losing their home. Covariates include group status (autism, DD, POP), household income at enrollment, child’s race and ethnicity, and binary CBCL Total Problems T-score (<60 vs. ≥60). Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.ResultsThe study included 274 children with autism, 368 children with another DD, and 385 POP children. The mean age of 6.1 years (standard deviation, 0.8) at the COVID-19 Impact Assessment did not differ between study groups. Parents of children with autism were less likely to transition to remote work (aOR [95% CI] = 0.6 [0.4, 1.0]) and more likely to report difficulty paying bills during the pandemic (1.8 [1.2, 2.9]) relative to parents of POP children. Lower income was associated with greater employment reduction, difficulty paying bills, and fear of losing their home, but inversely associated with transitioning to remote work. Parents of non-Hispanic (NH) Black children experienced greater employment reduction compared to parents of NH White children (1.9 [1.1, 3.0]). Parents from racial and ethnic minority groups were more likely to experience difficulty paying bills and fear losing their home, relative to NH White parents. Caregivers of children with CBCL scores in the clinical range were more likely to fear losing their home (2.1 [1.3, 3.4]).ConclusionThese findings suggest that families of children with autism, families of lower socio-economic status, and families of racial and ethnic minority groups experienced fewer work flexibilities and greater financial distress during the pandemic. Future research can be used to assess if these impacts are sustained over time
Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data
This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability—for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples
The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits
Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 x 10(-8)), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution. A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.Peer reviewe