Microgrids: Studies on Generalization and Protection

Bu çalışmada akıllı ağların en önemli güç katmanı uygulamaları olan dağıtık üretim ve mikro ağlar, uygulama kolaylığı sağlaması amacıyla genelleştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Öncelikle genelleştirilmiş dağıtık üreteç modeli ve kaynakları belirlendikten sonra alçak gerilim yerleşim alanlarında yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının yaygın olarak kullanımına olanak sağlayan bir mikro ağ yapısı ve dağıtım otomasyon mimarisi önerilmiştir. Önerilen felsefe yenilenebilir kaynakların mevcut dağıtım şebekelerine asgari maliyetle entegrasyonunu sağlayacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmadaki amaç yenilenebilir kaynakların yaygın kullanımıyla birlikte ortaya çıkan durumda akıllı ağlarda yenilenebilir kaynakların entegrasyonu konusunda standart bir uygulama prensibi sağlamaktır

Integration of metal organic frameworks with enzymes as multifunctional solids for cascade catalysis

[EN] Enzymes exhibit a large degree of compatibility with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) which allows the development of multicomponent catalysts consisting of enzymes adsorbed or occluded by MOFs. The combination of enzymes and MOFs in a multicomponent catalyst can be used to promote cascade reactions in which two or more individual reactions are performed in a single step. Cascade reactions take place due to the cooperation of active sites present on the MOF with the enzyme. A survey of the available data establishes that often an enzyme undergoes stabilization by association with a MOF and the system exhibits notable recyclability. In addition, the existence of synergism is observed as a consequence of the close proximity of all the required active sites in the multicomponent catalyst. After an introductory section describing the specific features and properties of enzyme-MOF assemblies, the main part of the present review focuses on the description of the cascade reactions that have been reported with commercial enzymes associated with MOFs, paying special attention to the advantages derived from the multicomponent catalyst. Related to the catalytic activity to metabolize glucose, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing the solution pH, an independent section describes the recent use of enzyme-MOF catalysts in cancer therapy. The last paragraphs summarize the current state of the art and provide our view on future developments in this field.Financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Severo Ochoa and CTQ2018-980237-CO2-1) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo 2017-083) is gratefully acknowledged. A. D. thanks the University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, for the award of an Assistant Professorship under its Faculty Recharge Programme. A. D. also thanks the Department of Science and Technology, India, for the financial support through Extra Mural Research Funding (EMR/2016/006500).Dhakshinamoorthy, A.; Asiri, AM.; García Gómez, H. (2020). Integration of metal organic frameworks with enzymes as multifunctional solids for cascade catalysis. Dalton Transactions. 49(32):11059-11072. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0dt02045aS11059110724932Koshland, D. E. (1958). Application of a Theory of Enzyme Specificity to Protein Synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 98-104. doi:10.1073/pnas.44.2.98Stanton, R. V., Peräkylä, M., Bakowies, D., & Kollman, P. A. (1998). Combined ab initio and Free Energy Calculations To Study Reactions in Enzymes and Solution:  Amide Hydrolysis in Trypsin and Aqueous Solution. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 120(14), 3448-3457. doi:10.1021/ja972723xKuhn, B., & Kollman, P. A. (2000). QM−FE and Molecular Dynamics Calculations on Catechol O-Methyltransferase:  Free Energy of Activation in the Enzyme and in Aqueous Solution and Regioselectivity of the Enzyme-Catalyzed Reaction. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 122(11), 2586-2596. doi:10.1021/ja992218vBruice, T. C., & Lightstone, F. C. (1998). Ground State and Transition State Contributions to the Rates of Intramolecular and Enzymatic Reactions. Accounts of Chemical Research, 32(2), 127-136. doi:10.1021/ar960131yTsitkov, S., & Hess, H. (2019). Design Principles for a Compartmentalized Enzyme Cascade Reaction. ACS Catalysis, 9(3), 2432-2439. doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b04419Muschiol, J., Peters, C., Oberleitner, N., Mihovilovic, M. D., Bornscheuer, U. T., & Rudroff, F. (2015). Cascade catalysis – strategies and challenges en route to preparative synthetic biology. Chemical Communications, 51(27), 5798-5811. doi:10.1039/c4cc08752fLiu, Z., Lv, Y., & An, Z. (2017). Enzymatic Cascade Catalysis for the Synthesis of Multiblock and Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polymers with Oxygen Tolerance. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 56(44), 13852-13856. doi:10.1002/anie.201707993Wang, H., Cheng, L., Ma, S., Ding, L., Zhang, W., Xu, Z., … Gao, L. (2020). Self-Assembled Multiple-Enzyme Composites for Enhanced Synergistic Cancer Starving–Catalytic Therapy. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(18), 20191-20201. doi:10.1021/acsami.0c02006Majewski, M. B., Howarth, A. J., Li, P., Wasielewski, M. R., Hupp, J. T., & Farha, O. K. (2017). Enzyme encapsulation in metal–organic frameworks for applications in catalysis. CrystEngComm, 19(29), 4082-4091. doi:10.1039/c7ce00022gChen, L., & Xu, Q. (2019). Metal-Organic Framework Composites for Catalysis. Matter, 1(1), 57-89. doi:10.1016/j.matt.2019.05.018Lian, X., Fang, Y., Joseph, E., Wang, Q., Li, J., Banerjee, S., … Zhou, H.-C. (2017). Enzyme–MOF (metal–organic framework) composites. Chemical Society Reviews, 46(11), 3386-3401. doi:10.1039/c7cs00058hDrout, R. J., Robison, L., & Farha, O. K. (2019). Catalytic applications of enzymes encapsulated in metal–organic frameworks. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 381, 151-160. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.009Wei, T.-H., Wu, S.-H., Huang, Y.-D., Lo, W.-S., Williams, B. P., Chen, S.-Y., … Shieh, F.-K. (2019). Rapid mechanochemical encapsulation of biocatalysts into robust metal–organic frameworks. Nature Communications, 10(1). doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12966-0Zhang, S., Du, M., Shao, P., Wang, L., Ye, J., Chen, J., & Chen, J. (2018). Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme-MOFs Composite with a Superior Catalytic Performance to Promote CO2 Absorption into Tertiary Amine Solution. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(21), 12708-12716. doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b04671Farrusseng, D., Aguado, S., & Pinel, C. (2009). Metal-Organic Frameworks: Opportunities for Catalysis. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48(41), 7502-7513. doi:10.1002/anie.200806063Zhu, L., Liu, X.-Q., Jiang, H.-L., & Sun, L.-B. (2017). Metal–Organic Frameworks for Heterogeneous Basic Catalysis. Chemical Reviews, 117(12), 8129-8176. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00091Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Li, Z., & Garcia, H. (2018). Catalysis and photocatalysis by metal organic frameworks. Chemical Society Reviews, 47(22), 8134-8172. doi:10.1039/c8cs00256hFarha, O. K., Eryazici, I., Jeong, N. C., Hauser, B. G., Wilmer, C. E., Sarjeant, A. A., … Hupp, J. T. (2012). Metal–Organic Framework Materials with Ultrahigh Surface Areas: Is the Sky the Limit? Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(36), 15016-15021. doi:10.1021/ja3055639Martin, R. L., & Haranczyk, M. (2013). Exploring frontiers of high surface area metal–organic frameworks. Chemical Science, 4(4), 1781. doi:10.1039/c3sc00033hHe, Y., Li, B., O’Keeffe, M., & Chen, B. (2014). Multifunctional metal–organic frameworks constructed from meta-benzenedicarboxylate units. Chem. Soc. Rev., 43(16), 5618-5656. doi:10.1039/c4cs00041bYuan, S., Feng, L., Wang, K., Pang, J., Bosch, M., Lollar, C., … Zhou, H. (2018). Stable Metal–Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Applications. Advanced Materials, 30(37), 1704303. doi:10.1002/adma.201704303Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Navalon, S., Asiri, A. M., & Garcia, H. (2020). Metal organic frameworks as solid catalysts for liquid-phase continuous flow reactions. Chemical Communications, 56(1), 26-45. doi:10.1039/c9cc07953jDhakshinamoorthy, A., Santiago-Portillo, A., Asiri, A. M., & Garcia, H. (2019). Engineering UiO-66 Metal Organic Framework for Heterogeneous Catalysis. ChemCatChem, 11(3), 899-923. doi:10.1002/cctc.201801452Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Asiri, A. M., & Garcia, H. (2019). 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks as Multifunctional Materials in Heterogeneous Catalysis and Electro/Photocatalysis. Advanced Materials, 31(41), 1900617. doi:10.1002/adma.201900617Gkaniatsou, E., Sicard, C., Ricoux, R., Mahy, J.-P., Steunou, N., & Serre, C. (2017). Metal–organic frameworks: a novel host platform for enzymatic catalysis and detection. Materials Horizons, 4(1), 55-63. doi:10.1039/c6mh00312eCai, X., Zhang, M., Wei, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., & Zheng, J. (2019). The Immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B by ZIF-8 encapsulation and macroporous resin adsorption: preparation and characterizations. Biotechnology Letters, 42(2), 269-276. doi:10.1007/s10529-019-02771-6Lin, C., Xu, K., Zheng, R., & Zheng, Y. (2019). Immobilization of amidase into a magnetic hierarchically porous metal–organic framework for efficient biocatalysis. Chemical Communications, 55(40), 5697-5700. doi:10.1039/c9cc02038aNadar, S. S., Vaidya, L., & Rathod, V. K. (2020). Enzyme embedded metal organic framework (enzyme–MOF): De novo approaches for immobilization. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 149, 861-876. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.240Dutta, S., Kumari, N., Dubbu, S., Jang, S. W., Kumar, A., Ohtsu, H., … Lee, I. S. (2020). Highly Mesoporous Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Synergistic Multimodal Catalytic Platforms for Divergent Cascade Reactions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 59(9), 3416-3422. doi:10.1002/anie.201916578Wang, Y., Zhang, N., Zhang, E., Han, Y., Qi, Z., Ansorge-Schumacher, M. B., … Wu, C. (2019). Heterogeneous Metal-Organic-Framework-Based Biohybrid Catalysts for Cascade Reactions in Organic Solvent. Chemistry - A European Journal, 25(7), 1716-1721. doi:10.1002/chem.201805680Li, T., Qiu, H., Liu, N., Li, J., Bao, Y., & Tong, W. (2020). Construction of Self-activated Cascade Metal−Organic Framework/Enzyme Hybrid Nanoreactors as Antibacterial Agents. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 191, 111001. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111001Xu, W., Jiao, L., Yan, H., Wu, Y., Chen, L., Gu, W., … Zhu, C. (2019). Glucose Oxidase-Integrated Metal–Organic Framework Hybrids as Biomimetic Cascade Nanozymes for Ultrasensitive Glucose Biosensing. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11(25), 22096-22101. doi:10.1021/acsami.9b03004Tan, W., Wei, T., Huo, J., Loubidi, M., Liu, T., Liang, Y., & Deng, L. (2019). Electrostatic Interaction-Induced Formation of Enzyme-on-MOF as Chemo-Biocatalyst for Cascade Reaction with Unexpectedly Acid-Stable Catalytic Performance. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11(40), 36782-36788. doi:10.1021/acsami.9b13080Liu, X., Qi, W., Wang, Y., Lin, D., Yang, X., Su, R., & He, Z. (2018). Rational Design of Mimic Multienzyme Systems in Hierarchically Porous Biomimetic Metal–Organic Frameworks. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10(39), 33407-33415. doi:10.1021/acsami.8b09388Zhong, X., Xia, H., Huang, W., Li, Z., & Jiang, Y. (2020). Biomimetic metal-organic frameworks mediated hybrid multi-enzyme mimic for tandem catalysis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 381, 122758. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122758Quin, M. B., Wallin, K. K., Zhang, G., & Schmidt-Dannert, C. (2017). Spatial organization of multi-enzyme biocatalytic cascades. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 15(20), 4260-4271. doi:10.1039/c7ob00391aChen, G., Huang, S., Kou, X., Wei, S., Huang, S., Jiang, S., … Ouyang, G. (2019). A Convenient and Versatile Amino‐Acid‐Boosted Biomimetic Strategy for the Nondestructive Encapsulation of Biomacromolecules within Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 58(5), 1463-1467. doi:10.1002/anie.201813060Palmiter, R. D. (1998). The elusive function of metallothioneins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95(15), 8428-8430. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8428Chen, W.-H., Vázquez-González, M., Zoabi, A., Abu-Reziq, R., & Willner, I. (2018). Biocatalytic cascades driven by enzymes encapsulated in metal–organic framework nanoparticles. Nature Catalysis, 1(9), 689-695. doi:10.1038/s41929-018-0117-2Mu, J., Wang, Y., Zhao, M., & Zhang, L. (2012). Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity and catalase-like activity of Co3O4 nanoparticles. Chemical Communications, 48(19), 2540. doi:10.1039/c2cc17013bSong, Y., Qu, K., Zhao, C., Ren, J., & Qu, X. (2010). Graphene Oxide: Intrinsic Peroxidase Catalytic Activity and Its Application to Glucose Detection. Advanced Materials, 22(19), 2206-2210. doi:10.1002/adma.200903783Wei, H., & Wang, E. (2008). Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles as Peroxidase Mimetics and Their Applications in H2O2 and Glucose Detection. Analytical Chemistry, 80(6), 2250-2254. doi:10.1021/ac702203fYan, Q., Peng, B., Su, G., Cohan, B. E., Major, T. C., & Meyerhoff, M. E. (2011). Measurement of Tear Glucose Levels with Amperometric Glucose Biosensor/Capillary Tube Configuration. Analytical Chemistry, 83(21), 8341-8346. doi:10.1021/ac201700cWu, X., Ge, J., Yang, C., Hou, M., & Liu, Z. (2015). Facile synthesis of multiple enzyme-containing metal–organic frameworks in a biomolecule-friendly environment. Chemical Communications, 51(69), 13408-13411. doi:10.1039/c5cc05136cSong, J., He, W., Shen, H., Zhou, Z., Li, M., Su, P., & Yang, Y. (2019). Construction of multiple enzyme metal–organic frameworks biocatalyst via DNA scaffold: A promising strategy for enzyme encapsulation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 363, 174-182. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.138Bai, J., Peng, C., Guo, L., & Zhou, M. (2019). Metal–Organic Framework-Integrated Enzymes as Bioreactor for Enhanced Therapy against Solid Tumor via a Cascade Catalytic Reaction. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 5(11), 6207-6215. doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01200Cao, Y., Li, X., Xiong, J., Wang, L., Yan, L.-T., & Ge, J. (2019). Investigating the origin of high efficiency in confined multienzyme catalysis. Nanoscale, 11(45), 22108-22117. doi:10.1039/c9nr07381gChen, S., Wen, L., Svec, F., Tan, T., & Lv, Y. (2017). Magnetic metal–organic frameworks as scaffolds for spatial co-location and positional assembly of multi-enzyme systems enabling enhanced cascade biocatalysis. RSC Advances, 7(34), 21205-21213. doi:10.1039/c7ra02291cYou, Y., Xu, D., Pan, X., & Ma, X. (2019). Self-propelled enzymatic nanomotors for enhancing synergetic photodynamic and starvation therapy by self-accelerated cascade reactions. Applied Materials Today, 16, 508-517. doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2019.07.008Zhou, X., Guo, S., Gao, J., Zhao, J., Xue, S., & Xu, W. (2017). Glucose oxidase-initiated cascade catalysis for sensitive impedimetric aptasensor based on metal-organic frameworks functionalized with Pt nanoparticles and hemin/G-quadruplex as mimicking peroxidases. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 98, 83-90. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.03

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Effectiveness of Communication Strategy Implementation in Covid-19 Response in Aceh Province Through Islamic Education

The position of Aceh Province is ranked sixth lowest positive for Covid-19 out of 34 other provinces in Indonesia and third out of 10 provinces in Sumatra in terms of the number of additional positive daily cases of Covid-19, the accumulated positive number of Covid-19 and the recovery rate of patients who are positive for Covid-19. These figures occurred after Aceh Province experienced three waves of Covid-19 spread, namely the first wave that occurred since the establishment of the Emergency Response period by the Central Government through BNPB, namely January 28, 2020 and lasted until April 23, 2020. The purpose of this study is to see the effectiveness of Islamic communication strategies in overcoming covid-19 in Aceh Province, one of which is through Islamic Education. This research is designed as a Descriptive Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach, which is a study that describes in detail the results of in-dept interviews with informants and observations of research subjects about various data related to phenomena that appear and do not appear to be oral words, attitudes, behaviors and facial expressions, as primary data. The results of this study show effectiveness in overcoming Covid-19 with one of its strategies through guidance and direction counseling and guidance Islamic educatio

Adaptive protection scheme for a distribution system considering grid-connected and islanded modes of operation

The renewable energy-based distributed generation (DG) implementation in power systems has been an active research area during the last few decades due to several environmental, economic and political factors. Although the integration of DG offers many advantages, several concerns, including protection schemes in systems with the possibility of bi-directional power flow, are raised. Thus, new protection schemes are strongly required in power systems with a significant presence of DG. In this study, an adaptive protection strategy for a distribution system with DG integration is proposed. The proposed strategy considers both grid-connected and islanded operating modes, while the adaptive operation of the protection is dynamically realized considering the availability of DG power production (related to faults or meteorological conditions) in each time step. Besides, the modular structure and fast response of the proposed strategy is validated via simulations conducted on the IEEE 13-node test system