Nonlinear Effect of Financial Development and Foreign Direct Investment in Integration Economies Among ASEAN-5 Countries Following IFRS Adoption

This chapter examines the role of financial development on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in ASEAN-5 countries over the period of 1980–2017. The ASEAN-5 countries include Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines. The panel cointegration of second generation is used in order to address the existence of economic integration among ASEAN-5 as proven in cross-sectional dependency test. The results from fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and cross-sectional dependency autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) consistently shows that the financial development has a nonlinear relationship with FDI of U-shape, whereby the financial development will benefit the FDI after it beyond the threshold point at 70% of total GDP. Investors will make decision based on the financial status as shown in the financial accounting report, whereby the quality of financial accounting representing transparent information that leads on reducing asymmetric information between investor and the financial institutions in host countries. In addition, the causality analysis based on panel vector error correction model (VECM) confirms the presence of both long-run relationship and short-run dynamic among FDI, financial development, consumer price index, and real gross domestic product per capita

MENGEFEKTIFKAN PEMISAHAN JENIS SAMPAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH TERPADU DI KOTA MAGELANG

Pengelolaan sampah yang benar diperlukan adanya keterpaduan dari berbagai aspek, mulai dari hulu sampai hilir. Aspek hulu meliputi kegiatan pengelolaan sampah di tingkat penghasil sampah tahap pertama, seperti rumah tangga dan badan usaha. Sampah yang telah dipisah berdasarkan jenis di tahap awal ternyata  dalam pengangkutanya ke TPA dalam kondisi tercampur antara organik dan anorganik. Berdasarkan fenomena di atas  penulis menyusun karya tulis ilmiah dengan judul : Mengefektifkan Pemisahan Jenis Sampah Sebagai Upaya Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu Di Kota Magelang. Adapun rumusan permasalahannya adalah Apakah hambatan yang menyebabkan pemisahan sampah  tidak dapat terlaksana? Dan Apakah upaya yang dapat dilakukan agar pemisahan sampah dapat terlaksana? Metode penelitian dalam penyusunan karya ilmaih ini menggunakan Yuridis Empiris. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan wawancara ke Dinas Kebersihan, Pertamanan dan Tata Kota, dan kantor Lingkungan Hidup kota Magelang. Selain itu penulis melakukan observasi tentang pemisahan dan pengolahan sampah. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hambatan  yang menyebabkan pemisahan jenis sampah tidak dapat terlaksana dikarenakan kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat untuk mengelola sampah masih kurang dan lemahnya kebijakan pemerintah sehingga kegiatan pemisahan jenis sampah terhambat. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah pembenahan dari hulu hingga hilir, yaitu mulai dari penghasil sampah hingga tahap akhir pengolahan sampah di TPA. Dengan demikian diharapkan pemisahan jenis sampah dapat terlaksana dengan serentak sebagai upaya mewujudkan pengelolaan sampah yang terpadu, dan lingkungan dapat terjaga untuk keberlangsungan hidup anak cucu dimasa depan

Nonlinear relationship between financial development and economic growth : evidence from post global financial crisis panel data

Existing studies find that the nonlinear relationship between financial development and economic growth is inverted U-shaped or there exist Kuznets curve, where financial development harm growth after surpassed the threshold point. The objective of this study is to re-estimate the existing relationship between financial development and economic growth for 65 developing countries for the period post 2007-2008 Global Financial Crisis starts from 2009-2015 using Generalized Method-of-Moment (GMM). Three financial development indicators namely, domestic credit to private sector (DCPS), liquid liabilities (LL) and private credit to deposit money (PCDM) are used in this study. However, our findings are contrary to the previous study. Interestingly, our result shows that the nonlinear relationship between financial development and economic growth is U-shaped for all indicators. In other words, financial development accelerated economic growth after reaching the turning point. The results of U-test of Lind and Mehlum (2010) confirms that the U-shaped relationship exist. It shows that the higher financial development enhance the performance of economic growth. Thus, our results challenge the previous findings and recommend for policy review

Reversal of memory and autism-related phenotypes in Tsc2+/− mice via inhibition of Nlgn1

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare monogenic disorder co-diagnosed with high rates of autism and is caused by loss of function mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. A key pathway hyperactivated in TSC is the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which regulates cap-dependent mRNA translation. We previously demonstrated that exaggerated cap-dependent translation leads to autism-related phenotypes and increased mRNA translation and protein expression of Neuroligin 1 (Nlgn1) in mice. Inhibition of Nlgn1 expression reversed social behavior deficits in mice with increased cap-dependent translation. Herein, we report elevated translation of Nlgn1 mRNA and an increase in its protein expression. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Nlgn1 expression in Tsc2+/− mice rescued impaired hippocampal mGluR-LTD, contextual discrimination and social behavior deficits in Tsc2+/− mice, without correcting mTORC1 hyperactivation. Thus, we demonstrate that reduction of Nlgn1 expression in Tsc2+/− mice is a new therapeutic strategy for TSC and potentially other neurodevelopmental disorders

Translational control of depression-like behavior via phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E

Translation of mRNA into protein has a fundamental role in neurodevelopment, plasticity, and memory formation; however, its contribution in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders is not fully understood. We investigated the involvement of MNK1/2 (MAPK-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and 2) and their target, eIF4E (eukaryotic initiation factor 4E), in depression-like behavior in mice. Mice carrying a mutation in eIF4E for the MNK1/2 phosphorylation site (Ser209Ala, Eif4e ki/ki), the Mnk1/2 double knockout mice (Mnk1/2 -/-), or mice treated with the MNK1/2 inhibitor, cercosporamide, displayed anxiety-and depression-like behaviors, impaired serotonin-induced excitatory synaptic activity in the prefrontal cortex, and diminished firing of the dorsal raphe neurons. In Eif4e ki/ki mice, brain IκBα, was decreased, while the NF-κB target, TNFα was elevated. TNFα inhibition in Eif4e ki/ki mice rescued, whereas TNFα administration to wild-type mice mimicked the depression-like behaviors and 5-HT synaptic deficits. We conclude that eIF4E phosphorylation modulates depression-like behavior through regulation of inflammatory responses

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Development of Tripod Grasp for 3D Printed Bionic Hand

Industry 4.0 is the most trending technology that has been used nowadays in many fields especially in medical field and this appears to be especially true for orthopaedic trauma surgery. This fourth industrial revolution that consists of additive manufacturing uses three dimensional (3D) printing techniques to invent a three dimensional printed bionic hand that helps the transradial amputees to perform daily life activities and it is controlled by Arduino microcontroller. In order to make a functional bionc hand, the grasp of the hand needs to be adaptive. There are six form of grasps which are Tip, Lateral, Tripod, Spherical, Power, and Extension referring to the Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP). However, the current bionic hands are only able to perform four out of six type of grasps which are Power, Tip, Lateral and Spherical as the Tripod grasp is not flexible enough. Therefore, this project aims to develop a 3D printed bionic hand with Tripod grasp functionality for transradial amputees to perform a daily life activities by using Arduino. The target audience for this bionic hand is a transradial amputee with the age of 18 or above because the size of the arm is already matured and it is standardized. The amputees also must have no cognitive disorder and healthy from any skin disorders. The type of test performed by the amputees is Activities of Daily Living (ADL) that consists picking up the pen and write using prosthetic hand. The methodology used in this study is Waterfall methodology as the phase in the development process begins only if the previous phase is complete

Malaysian legal framework on limitation of artistic expression: an analysis of the film industry / Nadia Nabila Haji Mohd Saufi … [et al.]

In Malaysian entertainment industry, there are many factors that could hinder certain production of art work. The government plays an important role to facilitate all growth and back lashes from within Malaysian entertainment industry. Among the issues frequently arise in film industry is on controversial issues such as disagreements on social and political views, issues of sensitivity, perception of double-standards and also profit generation from film industry. The relevant law that governs issues as above is Censorship Act 1952, Sedition Act 1948. One hundred percent freedom in art creations are given to the industry players (directors, producers, etc) however, government impose outlines to comply with regarding mass production to general public. The late Yasmin Ahmad have issues pertaining and involving Censorship Act in her film Sepet, though her film is appreciated as well as criticized by many, restrictions are still imposed towards her. On the contrary, Name Wee is let off or waived though his "art work" is disliked by many Malaysian. Quality of film industry in Malaysia is cautioned to be not of expected quality. In short, it is concern that by editing or screening done by the government would affect the art work. This qualitative study is to critically analyze the gap that has been conducted in previous studies and to roughly or merely grasp whether or not subsequent result from rules imposed by the government give positive and negative outcome to art production. "Gaps" are problems as to how directors and composers comply with the rules and regulations imposed on them. Art work symbolizes national identity

Cladribine interferes with IL-1β synaptic effects in experimental multiple sclerosis

Alterations of glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission occur in both multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. Here we investigated whether intracerebroventricular (Icv) administration of cladribine has effects on EAE. Icv infusion of cladribine reduced the clinical deficits of EAE mice and reversed EAE-induced enhancement of excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) frequency, a neurophysiological measure of glutamatergic synaptopathy associated with central inflammation. Cladribine failed to interfere with EAE-induced microglial and astroglial activation, but blocked EAE synaptic alterations by interfering with interleukin-1β effects. Cladribine possesses neuroprotective properties in experimental MS that are independent of its peripheral immunosuppressant action