Positive dc to positive dc converter Patent

Conversion of positive dc voltage to positive dc voltage of lower amplitud

Stepper motor control that adjusts to motor loading

A system and method are provided for controlling a stepper motor having a rotor and a multi-phase stator. Sinusoidal command signals define a commanded position of the motor's rotor. An actual position of the rotor is sensed as a function of an electrical angle between the actual position and the commanded position. The actual position is defined by sinusoidal position signals. An adjustment signal is generated using the sinusoidal command signals and sinusoidal position signals. The adjustment signal is defined as a function of the cosine of the electrical angle. The adjustment signal is multiplied by each sinusoidal command signal to generate a corresponding set of excitation signals, each of which is applied to a corresponding phase of the multi-phase stator

Distribution de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Aeromonas hydrophila dans les eaux de la nappe phréatique superficielle en zone équatoriale au Cameroun et relations avec quelques paramètres chimiques du milieu.

Une étude microbiologique et chimique a été menée pendant un an sur les eaux de sources et de puits de Yaoundé (Cameroun). Les analyses microbiologiques ont été faites suivant la technique des membranes filtrantes, et les analyses chimiques, suivant les techniques analytiques usuelles. Les abondances maximales mensuelles de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et de Aeromonas hydrophila varient respectivement de 1 à 22x103 UFC.100 ml-1 d'eau, et de 1 à 7,8x103 UFC.100 ml-1. Ces abondances bactériennes subissent d'amples fluctuations spatio-temporelles. Les eaux de sources et de puits analysées sont faiblement bicarbonatées, douces et présentent une minéralisation faible à moyenne. Le pH varie de 3 à 5 et les concentrations en CO2 dissous, de 300 à 532 mg.l-1. Un bon nombre des caractéristiques chimiques de ces eaux est relativement stable au cours du temps, en dépit des fluctuations spatiales apparentes. Le degré de corrélation entre les paramètres chimiques et la dynamique d'abondance des bactéries isolées, est hétérogène. Cela est nettement plus marqué dans les eaux de puits, en raison des conséquences de l'exploitation humaine de ces eaux, à l'origine d'apports allochtones divers.bacteriological and chemical study was carried out on the waters of four springs and six wells over 13 months and 12 months, respectively, in the town of Yaounde and its environs in Cameroon. For these groundwater points the study analysed the importance of pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide, and some ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and bicarbonate, for communities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aeromonas hydrophila. The two bacteria P. aeruginosa and A. hydrophila are considered opportunistic pathogens. Different groundwater points were chosen on the basis of their spatial distribution and the size of the human population using them. Microbiological analyses were carried out by membrane filtration and chemical analyses were performed using standard analytical techniques.It has been noted that the monthly maximum abundance of P. aeruginosa and A. hydrophila varies from 1 to 22 x 103 CFU per 100 ml and from 1 to 7.8 x 103 CFU per 100 ml of water, respectively. These bacteria are sometimes rare and their abundance undergoes spatio-temporal fluctuations. The studied waters are slightly bicarbonate and soft, with a low to average level of mineralisation. The pH varied from 3 to 5 and the concentration of dissolved CO2 from 300 to 532 mg/l. Most chemical characteristics were relatively stable with time, but exhibited apparent spatial fluctuations. The level of correlation between the chemical parameters and the abundance dynamics of P. aeruginosa and A. hydrophila is heterogeneous. Depending on the origin (well or spring) of water samples and minimising their spatial variations, samples were grouped into single biotopes (either mother well or mother spring) which were separated into compartments. A correlation test was then carried out using data obtained from 52 monthly-average samplings in the four compartments of mother-spring water, and using data obtained from 72 monthly-average samplings in the six compartments of mother-well water. From this it emerged (P < 0.001) that in springs increases in pH, electrical conductivity, and in concentrations of chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and dissolved oxygen favoured the development of P. aeruginosa and A. hydrophila. High concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide reduced (P < 0.001) the abundance of these bacteria. In wells, the ecology of P. aeruginosa and A. hydrophila is relatively unstable in comparison with springs. The higher instability in well water is ascribed to an increase in the number of confounding factors, which make wells appear more vulnerable than springs. This leads to the multiplication of asymmetrical interaction networks affecting bacterial population dynamics

Perencanaan Kawasan Prioritas Penyediaan Air Bersih Menggunakan Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making

The Provision of water for the community, there are some problems and until now can not be overcome completely. Especially in slum areas that are prone to water so that people have difficulty to get water. Many of slums in Kab. Lingga becomes a separate problem for the planning of water supply, from the problem it is designed a system that aims to determine the priority area of water supply by implementation the fuzzy multi criteria decision making method in the planning of the priority area of water supply, obtaining the region with the highest total integral value that is Marok Tua with a value of α0 is 0,34375, α0,5 is 0,51875, α1 is 0,69375

Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik dan Medikolegal Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga

Identification include fingerprint, property, medical, dental, serologic and exclusion methods. In the development, identification methods led to molecular forensics, a new field of science evolving since the 1980s, known as DNA fingerprinting. Blood spots/bloods, semen spots, vaginal swabs, buccal swabs and bones are specimens widely used in DNA assay for identification. In addition to these specimens, the last objects often used by the perpetrators/victims can be used, such as hearing aids (headsets/earphones). In its use, earphones are attached to the outer ear skin; thus, the earwax is suspected to adhere to the device. To date, in Indonesia personal identification is performed through swabs of earphones/headsets using the DNA profiling method. In particular, mitochondrial DNA has not been widely used for identification. The present study was of laboratory experimental. Earphones which have been used for 3 days were placed in room temperature for 1, 7, 14 and 20 days. Results showed that the environmental factor of exposure duration had an effect of a significant decrease in the levels of DNA from day 1 to day 20. Only 126-bp mtDNA (HVS II) was detected on the samples of day 1 and continued with sequencing. Mitochondrial DNA has better durability and relatively higher number of copies than those of nuclear DNA. This leads to greater possibility of success in amplification, given the higher number of mitochondrial DNA copies and the fact that mitochondrial DNA is a single locus that allows recombination

Stand and coarse woody debris dynamics in subalpine Norway spruce forests withdrawn from regular management

We studied structural characteristics, amount and quality of coarse woody debris (CWD), intensity of competition and mortality in two subalpine Norway spruce stands withdrawn from regular management. The stands, that we measured twice (in 1993 and 2005), have similar age and structure, but a different time has elapsed since the last silvicultural treatments (respectively 22 and about 55 y). The main purposes were to analyze the current stage of development as compared to the old-growth one and to highlight the legacies of past management. Although relatively old, the first plot (Valbona 1) was at the end of the pole stage. CWD was low in volume and was mainly of man-made origin (stumps). A recent thinning from below has reduced density-dependent competition and delayed the development of old-growth characteristics. The second plot (Valbona 2a) was at the beginning of the transition stage, with density-dependent and allogenic mortality both active at the same time. CWD volume was higher in plot Valbona 2a than in Valbona 1, but neither was comparable yet to the reference old-growth sites from Central Europe, both in quantity and in quality (e.g., decay rate continuity). The effects of the past management were: (1) reducing the quality and quantity of the CWD, (2) alleviating competition, (3) increasing resistance to minor disturbances and, as a consequence, (4) delaying the development processes. In mature or overmature subalpine Norway spruce stands withdrawn from regular management many decades are necessary to develop old-growth characteristics and a longer period of time is necessary to reach a true old-growth stage

autotaxin a possible new biological marker of endometrial cancer

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Semiring and semimodule issues in MV-algebras

In this paper we propose a semiring-theoretic approach to MV-algebras based on the connection between such algebras and idempotent semirings - such an approach naturally imposing the introduction and study of a suitable corresponding class of semimodules, called MV-semimodules. We present several results addressed toward a semiring theory for MV-algebras. In particular we show a representation of MV-algebras as a subsemiring of the endomorphism semiring of a semilattice, the construction of the Grothendieck group of a semiring and its functorial nature, and the effect of Mundici categorical equivalence between MV-algebras and lattice-ordered Abelian groups with a distinguished strong order unit upon the relationship between MV-semimodules and semimodules over idempotent semifields.Comment: This version contains some corrections to some results at the end of Section

Interval valued (\in,\ivq)-fuzzy filters of pseudo BLBL-algebras

We introduce the concept of quasi-coincidence of a fuzzy interval value with an interval valued fuzzy set. By using this new idea, we introduce the notions of interval valued (\in,\ivq)-fuzzy filters of pseudo $BL$-algebras and investigate some of their related properties. Some characterization theorems of these generalized interval valued fuzzy filters are derived. The relationship among these generalized interval valued fuzzy filters of pseudo $BL$-algebras is considered. Finally, we consider the concept of implication-based interval valued fuzzy implicative filters of pseudo $BL$-algebras, in particular, the implication operators in Lukasiewicz system of continuous-valued logic are discussed

Statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of magnetic and dielectric systems based on magnetization and polarization fluctuations:Application of the quasi-Gaussian entropy theory

The quasi-Gaussian entropy (QGE) theory employs the fact that a free-energy change can be written as the moment-generating function of the appropriate probability distribution function of macroscopic fluctuations of an extensive property. In this article we derive the relation between the free energy of a system in an external magnetic or electric field and the distribution of the “instantaneous” magnetization or polarization at zero field. The physical-mathematical conditions of these distributions are discussed, and for several continuous and discrete model distributions the corresponding thermodynamics, or “statistical state,” is derived. Some of these statistical states correspond to well-known descriptions, such as the Langevin and Brillouin models. All statistical states have been tested on several magnetic and dielectric systems: antiferromagneti