1,377 research outputs found
Health Justice Partnerships: An International Comparison of Approaches to Employing Law to Promote Prevention and Health Equity
This article traces the development and growth of health justice partnerships (HJPs) in three countries: the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom
Computation of Asymptotic Expansions of Turning Point Problems via Cauchy's Integral Formula: Bessel Functions
Linear second-order differential equations having a large real parameter and turning point in the complex plane are considered. Classical asymptotic expansions for solutions involve the Airy function and its derivative, along with two infinite series, the coefficients of which are usually difficult to compute. By considering the series as
asymptotic expansions for two explicitly defined analytic functions, Cauchy's integral formula is employed to compute the coefficient functions to a high order of accuracy. The method employs a certain exponential form of LiouvilleÂŽGreen expansions for solutions of the differential equation, as well as for the Airy function. We illustrate the use of the method with the high accuracy computation of Airy-type expansions of Bessel functions of complex argument.The authors acknowledge support from Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad, project MTM2015-67142-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE). A.G. and J.S. acknowledge support from Ministerio de EconomĂa y Competitividad, project MTM2012-34787. A.G. acknowledges the Fulbright/MEC Program for support during her stay at SDSU. J.S. acknowledges the Salvador de Madariaga Program for support during his stay at SDSU
Targeting the TGF-ÎČ1 Pathway to Prevent Normal Tissue Injury After Cancer Therapy
Evidence supporting the critical role of transforming growth factor ÎČ1 in the development of normal tissue injury after cancer therapy is reviewed and the results of recent research aimed at preventing normal tissue injury by targeting the transforming growth factor ÎČ1 pathway are presented
Resupply of mesopelagic dissolved iron controlled by particulate iron composition
The dissolved iron supply controls half of the oceansâ primary productivity. Resupply by the remineralization of sinking particles, and subsequent vertical mixing, largely sustains this productivity. However, our understanding of the drivers of dissolved iron resupply, and their influence on its vertical distribution across the oceans, is still limited due to sparse observations. There is a lack of empirical evidence as to what controls the subsurface iron remineralization due to difficulties in studying mesopelagic biogeochemistry. Here we present estimates of particulate transformations to dissolved iron, concurrent oxygen consumption and iron-binding ligand replenishment based on in situ mesopelagic experiments. Dissolved iron regeneration efficiencies (that is, replenishment over oxygen consumption) were 10- to 100-fold higher in low-dust subantarctic waters relative to higher-dust Mediterranean sites. Regeneration efficiencies are heavily influenced by particle composition. Their make-up dictates ligand release, controls scavenging, modulates ballasting and may lead to the differential remineralization of biogenic versus lithogenic iron. At high-dust sites, these processes together increase the iron remineralization length scale. Modelling reveals that in oceanic regions near deserts, enhanced lithogenic fluxes deepen the ferricline, which alter the vertical patterns of dissolved iron replenishment, and set its redistribution at the global scale. Such wide-ranging regeneration efficiencies drive different vertical patterns in dissolved iron replenishment across oceanic provinces
Trapped in the prison of the mind: notions of climate-induced (im)mobility decision-making and wellbeing from an urban informal settlement in Bangladesh
The concept of Trapped Populations has until date mainly referred to people âtrappedâ in environmentally high-risk rural areas due to economic constraints. This article attempts to widen our understanding of the concept by investigating climate-induced socio-psychological immobility and its link to Internally Displaced Peopleâs (IDPs) wellbeing in a slum of Dhaka. People migrated here due to environmental changes back on Bhola Island and named the settlement Bhola Slum after their home. In this way, many found themselves âimmobileâ after having been mobileâunable to move back home, and unable to move to other parts of Dhaka, Bangladesh, or beyond. The analysis incorporates the emotional and psychosocial aspects of the diverse immobility states. Mind and emotion are vital to better understand peopleâs (im)mobility decision-making and wellbeing status. The study applies an innovative and interdisciplinary methodological approach combining Q-methodology and discourse analysis (DA). This mixed-method illustrates a replicable approach to capture the complex state of climate-induced (im)mobility and its interlinkages to peopleâs wellbeing. People reported facing non-economic losses due to the move, such as identity, honour, sense of belonging and mental health. These psychosocial processes helped explain why some people ended up âtrappedâ or immobile. The psychosocial constraints paralysed them mentally, as well as geographically. More empirical evidence on how climate change influences peopleâs wellbeing and mental health will be important to provide us with insights in how to best support vulnerable people having faced climatic impacts, and build more sustainable climate policy frameworks
The semi-classical expansion and resurgence in gauge theories: new perturbative, instanton, bion, and renormalon effects
We study the dynamics of four dimensional gauge theories with adjoint
fermions for all gauge groups, both in perturbation theory and
non-perturbatively, by using circle compactification with periodic boundary
conditions for the fermions. There are new gauge phenomena. We show that, to
all orders in perturbation theory, many gauge groups are Higgsed by the gauge
holonomy around the circle to a product of both abelian and nonabelian gauge
group factors. Non-perturbatively there are monopole-instantons with fermion
zero modes and two types of monopole-anti-monopole molecules, called bions. One
type are "magnetic bions" which carry net magnetic charge and induce a mass gap
for gauge fluctuations. Another type are "neutral bions" which are magnetically
neutral, and their understanding requires a generalization of multi-instanton
techniques in quantum mechanics - which we refer to as the
Bogomolny-Zinn-Justin (BZJ) prescription - to compactified field theory. The
BZJ prescription applied to bion-anti-bion topological molecules predicts a
singularity on the positive real axis of the Borel plane (i.e., a divergence
from summing large orders in peturbation theory) which is of order N times
closer to the origin than the leading 4-d BPST instanton-anti-instanton
singularity, where N is the rank of the gauge group. The position of the
bion--anti-bion singularity is thus qualitatively similar to that of the 4-d IR
renormalon singularity, and we conjecture that they are continuously related as
the compactification radius is changed. By making use of transseries and
Ecalle's resurgence theory we argue that a non-perturbative continuum
definition of a class of field theories which admit semi-classical expansions
may be possible.Comment: 112 pages, 7 figures; v2: typos corrected, discussion of
supersymmetric models added at the end of section 8.1, reference adde
A case series study on the effect of Ebola on facility-based deliveries in rural Liberia
Adaptive remodeling of the bacterial proteome by specific ribosomal modification regulates Pseudomonas infection and niche colonisation
Post-transcriptional control of protein abundance is a highly important, underexplored regulatory process by which organisms respond to their environments. Here we describe an important and previously unidentified regulatory pathway involving the ribosomal modification protein RimK, its regulator proteins RimA and RimB, and the widespread bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP (cdG). Disruption of rimK affects motility and surface attachment in pathogenic and commensal Pseudomonas species, with rimK deletion significantly compromising rhizosphere colonisation by the commensal soil bacterium P. fluorescens, and plant infection by the pathogens P. syringae and P. aeruginosa. RimK functions as an ATP-dependent glutamyl ligase, adding glutamate residues to the C-terminus of ribosomal protein RpsF and inducing specific effects on both ribosome protein complement and function. Deletion of rimK in P. fluorescens leads to markedly reduced levels of multiple ribosomal proteins, and also of the key translational regulator Hfq. In turn, reduced Hfq levels induce specific downstream proteomic changes, with significant increases in multiple ABC transporters, stress response proteins and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases seen for both ÎrimK and Îhfq mutants. The activity of RimK is itself controlled by interactions with RimA, RimB and cdG. We propose that control of RimK activity represents a novel regulatory mechanism that dynamically influences interactions between bacteria and their hosts; translating environmental pressures into dynamic ribosomal changes, and consequently to an adaptive remodeling of the bacterial proteome
The impact of cycle proficiency training on cycle-related behaviours and accidents in adolescence: findings from ALSPAC, a UK longitudinal cohort
Iron Deficiency Increases Growth and Nitrogen-Fixation Rates of Phosphorus-Deficient Marine Cyanobacteria
Marine dinitrogen (N2)-fixing cyanobacteria have large impacts on global biogeochemistry as they fix carbon dioxide (CO2) and fertilize oligotrophic ocean waters with new nitrogen. Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are the two most important limiting nutrients for marine biological N2 fixation, and their availabilities vary between major ocean basins and regions. A long-standing question concerns the ability of two globally dominant N2-fixing cyanobacteria, unicellular Crocosphaera and filamentous Trichodesmium, to maintain relatively high N2-fixation rates in these regimes where both Fe and P are typically scarce. We show that under P-deficient conditions, cultures of these two cyanobacteria are able to grow and fix N2 faster when Fe deficient than when Fe replete. In addition, growth affinities relative to P increase while minimum concentrations of P that support growth decrease at low Fe concentrations. In Crocosphaera, this effect is accompanied by a reduction in cell sizes and elemental quotas. Relatively high growth rates of these two biogeochemically critical cyanobacteria in low-P, low-Fe environments such as those that characterize much of the oligotrophic ocean challenge the common assumption that low Fe levels can have only negative effects on marine primary producers. The closely interdependent influence of Fe and P on N2-fixing cyanobacteria suggests that even subtle shifts in their supply ratio in the past, present and future oceans could have large consequences for global carbon and nitrogen cycles
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