ノバリケン胚における心拍リズムの発達

The heart rate(HR) of Muscovy duck embryos (Cairina moschata f. domestica) was continuously recorded from as early as the 21st day of incubation (D21) until hatching (D34/35). The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of phonoperiods consisting of different acoustic stimuli on the course of HR and the development of HR periodicities during this period. Incubation was carried out at a constant temperature and in constant darkness. Until D25 HR was dominated by decelerative fluctuations only, indicating a main input from the parasympathetic system on the heart. Later sympathetic influences increased progressively. HR periodicity was investigated by means of x2-periodogram and fast Fourier transformation. Between D26 and D30 statistically significant and stable HR periodicities developed gradually. They had periods in the range from 5 to 38 hours. Ultra-, circa- and infradian rhythms (28h, respectively) occurred in parallel in some cases in the same embryo. During these important periods HR courses were dissimilar between individual embryos and had different intensities. There was no indication that acoustic stimulation (phonoperiods) had any effect on the development of HR periodicities.特集 : 「動物の心拍リズム」国際シンポジウム発表論文選

Demographic, clinical and antibody characteristics of patients with digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: data from the DUO Registry

OBJECTIVES: The Digital Ulcers Outcome (DUO) Registry was designed to describe the clinical and antibody characteristics, disease course and outcomes of patients with digital ulcers associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: The DUO Registry is a European, prospective, multicentre, observational, registry of SSc patients with ongoing digital ulcer disease, irrespective of treatment regimen. Data collected included demographics, SSc duration, SSc subset, internal organ manifestations, autoantibodies, previous and ongoing interventions and complications related to digital ulcers. RESULTS: Up to 19 November 2010 a total of 2439 patients had enrolled into the registry. Most were classified as either limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc; 52.2%) or diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc; 36.9%). Digital ulcers developed earlier in patients with dcSSc compared with lcSSc. Almost all patients (95.7%) tested positive for antinuclear antibodies, 45.2% for anti-scleroderma-70 and 43.6% for anticentromere antibodies (ACA). The first digital ulcer in the anti-scleroderma-70-positive patient cohort occurred approximately 5 years earlier than the ACA-positive patient group. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides data from a large cohort of SSc patients with a history of digital ulcers. The early occurrence and high frequency of digital ulcer complications are especially seen in patients with dcSSc and/or anti-scleroderma-70 antibodies

Functional impairment of systemic scleroderma patients with digital ulcerations: results from the DUO Registry

OBJECTIVES: Digital ulcers (DUs) are frequent manifestations of systemic scleroderma (SSc). This study assessed functional limitations due to DUs among patients enrolled in the Digital Ulcer Outcome (DUO) Registry, an international, multicentre, observational registry of SSc patients with DU disease. METHODS: Patients completed at enrolment a DU-specific functional assessment questionnaire with a 1-month recall period, measuring impairment in work and daily activities, and hours of help needed from others. Physician-reported clinical parameters were used to describe the population. For patients who completed at least part of the questionnaire, descriptive analyses were performed for overall results, and stratified by number of DUs at enrolment. RESULTS: This study included 2327 patients who completed at least part of the questionnaire. For patients with 0, 1–2, and ≥3 DUs at enrolment, mean overall work impairment during the prior month among employed/self-employed patients was 28%, 42%, and 48%, respectively. Across all included patients, ability to perform daily activities was impaired on average by 35%, 54%, and 63%, respectively. Patients required a mean of 2.0, 8.7, and 8.8 hours of paid help and 17.0, 35.9, and 63.7 hours of unpaid help, respectively, due to DUs in the prior month. Patients with DUs had more complications and medication use than patients with no DUs. CONCLUSIONS: With increasing number of DUs, SSc patients reported more impairment in work and daily activities and required more support from others

Differences in behaviour of free-ranging cattle in the tropical climate

The pasture behaviour of Holstein Friesian and Siboney de Cuba (58 role= presentation style= box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16.2px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative; \u3e58 Holstein Friesian×38 role= presentation style= box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16.2px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative; \u3e38 Cuban Zebu) lactating cows was studied during the dry season and the rainy season in the tropical climate of Cuba. Grazing, total activity, standing and lying, time spent in the sun and time spent in the shade were recorded from 08:00 to 18:00 h at 5-min intervals. In the rainy season, the Holstein Friesian cattle spent less time grazing and in activity, but spent longer in the shade than Siboney de Cuba, i.e. a higher thermal load was imposed on the purebred taurine cattle as compared with the Siboney de Cuba. However, no differences between the two breeds were observed in the dry season. The results indicate that the heat tolerance of Siboney de Cuba is superior to that of Holstein Friesian during the rainy season. In the rainy season mixed group series, the behaviour of Siboney de Cuba followed (was masked by) the behavioural changes shown by Holstein Friesians, i.e. a new herd behaviour was determined by purebred taurine cattle

Differences in behaviour of free-ranging cattle in the tropical climate

The pasture behaviour of Holstein Friesian and Siboney de Cuba (58 role= presentation style= box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16.2px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative; \u3e58 Holstein Friesian×38 role= presentation style= box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: normal; font-size: 16.2px; word-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative; \u3e38 Cuban Zebu) lactating cows was studied during the dry season and the rainy season in the tropical climate of Cuba. Grazing, total activity, standing and lying, time spent in the sun and time spent in the shade were recorded from 08:00 to 18:00 h at 5-min intervals. In the rainy season, the Holstein Friesian cattle spent less time grazing and in activity, but spent longer in the shade than Siboney de Cuba, i.e. a higher thermal load was imposed on the purebred taurine cattle as compared with the Siboney de Cuba. However, no differences between the two breeds were observed in the dry season. The results indicate that the heat tolerance of Siboney de Cuba is superior to that of Holstein Friesian during the rainy season. In the rainy season mixed group series, the behaviour of Siboney de Cuba followed (was masked by) the behavioural changes shown by Holstein Friesians, i.e. a new herd behaviour was determined by purebred taurine cattle