Genetic Sharing with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Diabetes Reveals Novel Bone Mineral Density Loci.

Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a highly heritable trait, but genome-wide association studies have identified few genetic risk factors. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between BMD and several traits and diseases, but the nature of the suggestive comorbidity is still unknown. We used a novel genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional False Discovery Rate (FDR) method to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMD by leveraging cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated disorders and metabolic traits. By conditioning on SNPs associated with the CVD-related phenotypes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and waist hip ratio, we identified 65 novel independent BMD loci (26 with femoral neck BMD and 47 with lumbar spine BMD) at conditional FDR < 0.01. Many of the loci were confirmed in genetic expression studies. Genes validated at the mRNA levels were characteristic for the osteoblast/osteocyte lineage, Wnt signaling pathway and bone metabolism. The results provide new insight into genetic mechanisms of variability in BMD, and a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of clinical comorbidity

Quadratic Fourier transforms

In this paper we shall examine the quadratic Fourier transform which is introduced by the generalized quadratic function for one order parameter in the ordinary Fourier transform. This will be done by analyzing corresponding six subcases of the quadratic Fourier transform within a reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces framework

Synthesis of 2-oxa-6-aza-3,4-benzobicyclo-[3.3.11,5]nonane from dibenzyl ketone, salicylaldehyde, and ammonia

[No abstract available

Photon assisted implantation -PAI-

The junction depth reduction for B implanted under PA conditions in Si was investigated.It was found that low energy implantation and short annealing times promote higher values of junction depth reduction.Under PA conditions, an altered defect structure is produced which influences the diffusion of dopants.The combination of the modified defect distribution with low dose rate implantation may reduce the number of scattering centers for charge carriers, which affects sheet resistance

Synthesis of 2-oxa-6-aza-3,4-benzobicyclo-[3.3.11,5]nonane from dibenzyl ketone, salicylaldehyde, and ammonia

[No abstract available

Effects of sedatives on GABA-mediated chloride flux into cerebral cortical microsacs prepared from emotional and non-emotional mice

Some strains of rats and mice express increased momentary fear or emotionality when exposed to a novel environment. Previous studies have found significantly fewer diazepam binding sites in the brains of Balb/cJ mice compared to C57BL and AKR/J mice and this has been suggested to contribute to the increased emotionality of the 'nervous' Balb strain. The influx of 36Cl into cerebral cortical microsacs was used to functionally assess the effects of GABA, diazepam and pentobarbital in the Balb mice compared to nonemotional animals (C57 and ICR mice). Slight differences in the ability of GABA to increase chloride influx were found among the three strains. Pentobarbital potentiation of GABA-mediated chloride flux was slightly higher in the ICR mice compared to Balb and C57. Diazepam potentiation of the effects of GABA, however, was significantly decreased in the Balb mice, strengthening the hypothesis that the benzodiazepine receptor is involved in mediating animal emotionality