Incident Notification Process as BPaaS for Electicity Supply Systems

Business Process Management (BPM) systems have been deployed in many large organizations to improve their business effectiveness and efficiency. Cloud based BPM systems have provided SMEs using BPM in a pay-per-use manner. Previous work has focused on looking at cloud based BPM from the perspectives of distribution of data, activity or/and business engine and related issues, such as scalability of system, security of data, distribution of data and activities. To achieve business agility business process collaboration needs to seamlessly connect local BPM systems and cloud based BPM systems. In this paper we look at BPM in the cloud from a new user perspective, how process models can be handled in the cloud for the fast pace of change of business collaborations. The paper proposes a distribution solution in which at the design time, the shared process model can be discovered from a process repository, and adapted to local needs; at run-time a process is distributed. A real world case is used to explain our design and implementation. Collaborative process for incident notifications is built to work across different organizations

Big data Empowered Logistics Services Platform

Logistics section is one of the most important industrial sections to contribute to European economy. To improving efficiency and energy efficient of logistics, European Commission call new research theme ‘smart, green and integrated transport’ in its H2020 program. The paper presents a version on providing a cloud based platform for supporting big data empowered logistics services to respond this call. The research is supported by inter-disciplinary approaches, which brings experts from telecommunication, cloud computing, sensor networking, service-oriented computing, data analysis, transportation, and logistics areas to work together to provide real-world solutions for future logistics. The research questions and challenges of the platform are highlighted. Overall architecture and data collection are presented

Double Dielectric Barrier (DBD) plasma-assisted deposition of chemical stabilized nanoparticles on polyamide 6,6 and polyester fabrics

The development of new multifunctional textiles containing nanoparticles (NPs) has had a special interest in several applications for pharmaceutical, medical, engineering, agricultural, and food products.[1-2] Cu, Zn and especially Ag NPs exhibit strong antibacterial activities on a broad spectrum of bacteria.[3-5] Most of the antimicrobial textiles coated with NPs are not able to perform a controlled release of the antibiotic species. Thus, the immobilization of NPs in the substrate or its inclusion in polymeric matrix is essential to control the NPs antibiotic effect with time. Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma technology is one of the most effective non-thermal plasma sources.[6] However, an even dispersion and coating of NPs onto fabrics remain a challenge due to the high degree of aggregation of metal NPs.[7] Some capping agents were described to increase the suspension stability such as citrate and SDS.[8] In this work, Ag, Zn, and Cu NPs deposition on DBD plasma pre-treated polyamide 6,6 (PA66) and polyester (PES) were tested for the production of durable antibacterial textiles. SEM-EDX analysis and the effect of some NPs stabilizers (e.g. sodium citrate, sodium alginate and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)) was analysed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) in term of size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. XPS analyses prove the DBD efficacy in providing oxygen species onto the fabric’s surfaces. The SEM analyses prove the deposition of the Ag and Cu NPs onto the PES and PA66 fabrics. No zinc was detected. However, antimicrobial tests in PES shows that all the NPs have an antimicrobial effect but Cu and Zn show activity only in S. aureus and Ag only in E.coli. Cu shows a reasonable dispersion onto the fibres but PVP coated AgNPs display a high level of aggregation even after 1 hour of ultrasonic treatment. To solve instability and aggregation problems, NPs suspensions were prepared in different concentrations (1, 2.5 and 5 wt%) of citrate, alginate and PVA using water and ethanol as control by ultrasonic bath. In table 1 are resumed the best results obtained for each NP compared to water as control. Ethanol and PVA were disregarded due to the highest instability and lowest ζ potential, respectively. XPS, SEM and antimicrobial data shows lack in coating uniformity. It is clear that doesn't exist a univocal dispersant and concentration for all NPs. Despite the improving in ζ potentials and stability of the colloids, the obtained sizes still show a high degree of aggregation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Squaric Ester-Based, pH-Degradable Nanogels:Modular Nanocarriers for Safe, Systemic Administration of Toll-like Receptor 7/8 Agonistic Immune Modulators

Small-molecular Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists hold promise as immune modulators for a variety of immune therapeutic purposes including cancer therapy or vaccination. However, due to their rapid systemic distribution causing difficult-to-control inflammatory off-target effects, their application is still problematic, in particular systemically. To address this problem, we designed and robustly fabricated pH-responsive nanogels serving as versatile immunodrug nanocarriers for safe delivery of TLR7/8-stimulating imidazoquinolines after intravenous administration. To this aim, a primary amine-reactive methacrylamide monomer bearing a pendant squaric ester amide is introduced, which is polymerized under controlled RAFT polymerization conditions. Corresponding PEG-derived squaric ester amide block copolymers self-assemble into precursor micelles in polar protic solvents. Their cores are amine-reactive and can sequentially be transformed by acid-sensitive cross-linkers, dyes, and imidazoquinolines. Remaining squaric ester amides are hydrophilized affording fully hydrophilic nanogels with profound stability in human plasma but stimuli-responsive degradation upon exposure to endolysosomal pH conditions. The immunomodulatory behavior of the imidazoquinolines alone or conjugated to the nanogels was demonstrated by macrophages in vitro. In vivo, however, we observed a remarkable impact of the nanogel: After intravenous injection, a spatially controlled immunostimulatory activity was evident in the spleen, whereas systemic off-target inflammatory responses triggered by the small-molecular imidazoquinoline analogue were absent. These findings underline the potential of squaric ester-based, pH-degradable nanogels as a promising platform to permit intravenous administration routes of small-molecular TLR7/8 agonists and, thus, the opportunity to explore their adjuvant potency for systemic vaccination or cancer immunotherapy purposes.</p

EU H2020 MSCA RISE Project FIRST - “virtual Factories: Interoperation suppoRting buSiness innovation”

FIRST – “virtual Factories: Interoperation suppoRting buSiness innovation”, is a European H2020 project, founded by the RESEARCH AND INNOVATION STAFF EXCHANGE (RISE) Work Programme as part of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie actions. The project concerns with Manufacturing 2.0 and aims at providing the new technology and methodology to describe manufacturing assets; to compose and integrate the existing services into collaborative virtual manufacturing processes; and to deal with evolution of changes. This Chapter provides an overview of the state of the art for the research topics related to the project research objectives, and then it presents the progresses the project achieved up to now towards the implementation of the proposed innovations

Unveiling microbial structures during raw microalgae digestion and co-digestion with primary sludge to produce biogas using semi-continuous AnMBR systems

[EN] Methane production from microalgae can be enhanced through anaerobic co-digestion with carbon-rich substrates and thus mitigate the inhibition risk associated with its low C:N ratio. Acclimated microbial communities for microalgae disruption can be used as a source of natural enzymes in bioenergy production. However, co-substrates with a certain microbial diversity such as primary sludge might shift the microbial structure. Substrates were generated in a Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) and combined as follows: Scenedesmus or Chlorella digestion and microalgae co-digestion with primary sludge. The study was performed using two lab-scale Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors (AnMBR). During three years, different feedstocks scenarios for methane production were evaluated with a special focus on the microbial diversity of the AnMBR. 57% of the population was shared between the different feedstock scenarios, revealing the importance of Anaerolineaceae members besides Smithella and Methanosaeta genera. The addition of primary sludge enhanced the microbial diversity of the system during both Chlorella and Scenedesmus co-digestion and promoted different microbial structures. Aceticlastic methanogen Methanosaeta was dominant in all the feedstock scenarios. A more remarkable role of syntrophic fatty acid degraders (Smithella, Syntrophobacteraceae) was observed during co-digestion when only microalgae were digested. However, no significant changes were observed in the microbial composition during anaerobic microalgae digestion when feeding only Chlorella or Scenedesmus. This is the first work revealing the composition of complex communities for semi-continuous bioenergy production from WRRF streams. The stability and maintenance of a microbial core over-time in semi-continuous AnMBRs is here shown supporting their future application in full-scale systems for raw microalgae digestion or codigestion.The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) are gratefully acknowledged for their support to this research work through CTM2011-28595-C02-02 and CTM2014-54980-C2-1-R projects. The authors are thankful to Ph.D. Silvia Greses and Ph.D. candidate Rebecca Serna-Garcia (Universitat de Valencia, Spain) for allowing the collection of digestate samples from their bioreactors and providing a brief data characterization of their performance. As well, authors thank the support of Maria Paches (IIAMA, Valencia, Spain) during phytoplankton monitoring in the photobioreactor plant. Finally, the sequencing service from FISABIO (Valencia, Spain) is also gratefully acknowledged for their technical support during the design stage of this work.Zamorano-López, N.; Borrás, L.; Seco, A.; Aguado García, D. (2020). Unveiling microbial structures during raw microalgae digestion and co-digestion with primary sludge to produce biogas using semi-continuous AnMBR systems. The Science of The Total Environment. 699:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134365S112699APHA, APHA/AWWA/WEF, 2012. In: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Stand. Methods, pp. 541 doi.org/ISBN 9780875532356.Astals, S., Musenze, R. S., Bai, X., Tannock, S., Tait, S., Pratt, S., & Jensen, P. D. (2015). Anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and algae: Impact of intracellular algal products recovery on co-digestion performance. Bioresource Technology, 181, 97-104. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.039Baudelet, P.-H., Ricochon, G., Linder, M., & Muniglia, L. (2017). A new insight into cell walls of Chlorophyta. Algal Research, 25, 333-371. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2017.04.008Bovio, P., Cabezas, A., & Etchebehere, C. (2018). Preliminary analysis ofChloroflexipopulations in full-scale UASB methanogenic reactors. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 126(2), 667-683. doi:10.1111/jam.14115Calusinska, M., Goux, X., Fossépré, M., Muller, E. E. L., Wilmes, P., & Delfosse, P. (2018). A year of monitoring 20 mesophilic full-scale bioreactors reveals the existence of stable but different core microbiomes in bio-waste and wastewater anaerobic digestion systems. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 11(1). doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1195-8Carrillo-Reyes, J., Barragán-Trinidad, M., & Buitrón, G. (2016). Biological pretreatments of microalgal biomass for gaseous biofuel production and the potential use of rumen microorganisms: A review. Algal Research, 18, 341-351. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2016.07.004Chen, C., Ming, J., Yoza, B. A., Liang, J., Li, Q. X., Guo, H., … Wang, Q. (2019). Characterization of aerobic granular sludge used for the treatment of petroleum wastewater. Bioresource Technology, 271, 353-359. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.132Cheng, W., Chen, H., Yan, S., & Su, J. (2014). Illumina sequencing-based analyses of bacterial communities during short-chain fatty-acid production from food waste and sewage sludge fermentation at different pH values. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 30(9), 2387-2395. doi:10.1007/s11274-014-1664-6Colzi Lopes, A., Valente, A., Iribarren, D., & González-Fernández, C. (2018). Energy balance and life cycle assessment of a microalgae-based wastewater treatment plant: A focus on alternative biogas uses. Bioresource Technology, 270, 138-146. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.005Córdova, O., Chamy, R., Guerrero, L., & Sánchez-Rodríguez, A. (2018). Assessing the Effect of Pretreatments on the Structure and Functionality of Microbial Communities for the Bioconversion of Microalgae to Biogas. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01388Correa, D. F., Beyer, H. L., Fargione, J. E., Hill, J. D., Possingham, H. P., Thomas-Hall, S. R., & Schenk, P. M. (2019). Towards the implementation of sustainable biofuel production systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 107, 250-263. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.03.005Crutchik, D., Frison, N., Eusebi, A. L., & Fatone, F. (2018). Biorefinery of cellulosic primary sludge towards targeted Short Chain Fatty Acids, phosphorus and methane recovery. Water Research, 136, 112-119. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.047De Vrieze, J., Christiaens, M. E. R., & Verstraete, W. (2017). The microbiome as engineering tool: Manufacturing and trading between microorganisms. New Biotechnology, 39, 206-214. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2017.07.001De Vrieze, J., Pinto, A. J., Sloan, W. T., & Ijaz, U. Z. (2018). The active microbial community more accurately reflects the anaerobic digestion process: 16S rRNA (gene) sequencing as a predictive tool. Microbiome, 6(1). doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0449-9Dodsworth, J. A., Blainey, P. C., Murugapiran, S. K., Swingley, W. D., Ross, C. A., Tringe, S. G., … Hedlund, B. P. (2013). Single-cell and metagenomic analyses indicate a fermentative and saccharolytic lifestyle for members of the OP9 lineage. Nature Communications, 4(1). doi:10.1038/ncomms2884Dojka, M. A., Harris, J. K., & Pace, N. R. (2000). Expanding the Known Diversity and Environmental Distribution of an Uncultured Phylogenetic Division of Bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66(4), 1617-1621. doi:10.1128/aem.66.4.1617-1621.2000Farag, I. F., Davis, J. P., Youssef, N. H., & Elshahed, M. S. (2014). Global Patterns of Abundance, Diversity and Community Structure of the Aminicenantes (Candidate Phylum OP8). PLoS ONE, 9(3), e92139. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092139Fontana, A., Kougias, P. G., Treu, L., Kovalovszki, A., Valle, G., Cappa, F., … Campanaro, S. (2018). Microbial activity response to hydrogen injection in thermophilic anaerobic digesters revealed by genome-centric metatranscriptomics. Microbiome, 6(1). doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0583-4Garrido-Cardenas, J. A., Manzano-Agugliaro, F., Acien-Fernandez, F. G., & Molina-Grima, E. (2018). Microalgae research worldwide. Algal Research, 35, 50-60. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.005González-Camejo, J., Jiménez-Benítez, A., Ruano, M. V., Robles, A., Barat, R., & Ferrer, J. (2019). Optimising an outdoor membrane photobioreactor for tertiary sewage treatment. Journal of Environmental Management, 245, 76-85. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.010Gonzalez-Fernandez, C., Sialve, B., & Molinuevo-Salces, B. (2015). Anaerobic digestion of microalgal biomass: Challenges, opportunities and research needs. Bioresource Technology, 198, 896-906. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.095Gonzalez-Fernandez, C., Barreiro-Vescovo, S., de Godos, I., Fernandez, M., Zouhayr, A., & Ballesteros, M. (2018). Biochemical methane potential of microalgae biomass using different microbial inocula. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 11(1). doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1188-7González-González, L. M., Correa, D. F., Ryan, S., Jensen, P. D., Pratt, S., & Schenk, P. M. (2018). Integrated biodiesel and biogas production from microalgae: Towards a sustainable closed loop through nutrient recycling. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 1137-1148. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.091Greses, S., Gaby, J. C., Aguado, D., Ferrer, J., Seco, A., & Horn, S. J. (2017). Microbial community characterization during anaerobic digestion of Scenedesmus spp. under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Algal Research, 27, 121-130. doi:10.1016/j.algal.2017.09.002Greses, S., Zamorano-López, N., Borrás, L., Ferrer, J., Seco, A., & Aguado, D. (2018). Effect of long residence time and high temperature over anaerobic biodegradation of Scenedesmus microalgae grown in wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management, 218, 425-434. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.086Herrmann, C., Kalita, N., Wall, D., Xia, A., & Murphy, J. D. (2016). Optimised biogas production from microalgae through co-digestion with carbon-rich co-substrates. Bioresource Technology, 214, 328-337. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.119Ju, F., Lau, F., & Zhang, T. (2017). Linking Microbial Community, Environmental Variables, and Methanogenesis in Anaerobic Biogas Digesters of Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment Sludge. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(7), 3982-3992. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b06344Kadnikov, V. V., Mardanov, A. V., Beletsky, A. V., Karnachuk, O. V., & Ravin, N. V. (2019). Genome of the candidate phylum Aminicenantes bacterium from a deep subsurface thermal aquifer revealed its fermentative saccharolytic lifestyle. Extremophiles, 23(2), 189-200. doi:10.1007/s00792-018-01073-5Klassen, V., Blifernez-Klassen, O., Wobbe, L., Schlüter, A., Kruse, O., & Mussgnug, J. H. (2016). Efficiency and biotechnological aspects of biogas production from microalgal substrates. Journal of Biotechnology, 234, 7-26. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.07.015Klassen, V., Blifernez-Klassen, O., Wibberg, D., Winkler, A., Kalinowski, J., Posten, C., & Kruse, O. (2017). Highly efficient methane generation from untreated microalgae biomass. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 10(1). doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0871-4Leng, L., Yang, P., Singh, S., Zhuang, H., Xu, L., Chen, W.-H., … Lee, P.-H. (2018). A review on the bioenergetics of anaerobic microbial metabolism close to the thermodynamic limits and its implications for digestion applications. Bioresource Technology, 247, 1095-1106. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.103Li, R., Duan, N., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Li, B., Zhang, D., & Dong, T. (2017). Anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and microalgae Chlorella sp.: Methane potential, microbial diversity and synergistic impact evaluation. Waste Management, 68, 120-127. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.028Li, R., Duan, N., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Li, B., Zhang, D., … Dong, T. (2017). Co-digestion of chicken manure and microalgae Chlorella 1067 grown in the recycled digestate: Nutrients reuse and biogas enhancement. Waste Management, 70, 247-254. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.016Mahdy, A., Mendez, L., Ballesteros, M., & González-Fernández, C. (2015). Algaculture integration in conventional wastewater treatment plants: Anaerobic digestion comparison of primary and secondary sludge with microalgae biomass. Bioresource Technology, 184, 236-244. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.145Mansfeldt, C., Achermann, S., Men, Y., Walser, J.-C., Villez, K., Joss, A., … Fenner, K. (2019). Microbial residence time is a controlling parameter of the taxonomic composition and functional profile of microbial communities. The ISME Journal, 13(6), 1589-1601. doi:10.1038/s41396-019-0371-6McIlroy, S. J., Kirkegaard, R. H., Dueholm, M. S., Fernando, E., Karst, S. M., Albertsen, M., & Nielsen, P. H. (2017). Culture-Independent Analyses Reveal Novel Anaerolineaceae as Abundant Primary Fermenters in Anaerobic Digesters Treating Waste Activated Sludge. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01134Nakamura, K., Iizuka, R., Nishi, S., Yoshida, T., Hatada, Y., Takaki, Y., … Funatsu, T. (2016). Culture-independent method for identification of microbial enzyme-encoding genes by activity-based single-cell sequencing using a water-in-oil microdroplet platform. Scientific Reports, 6(1). doi:10.1038/srep22259Pachés, M., Romero, I., Hermosilla, Z., & Martinez-Guijarro, R. (2012). PHYMED: An ecological classification system for the Water Framework Directive based on phytoplankton community composition. Ecological Indicators, 19, 15-23. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.003Peces, M., Astals, S., Jensen, P. D., & Clarke, W. P. (2018). Deterministic mechanisms define the long-term anaerobic digestion microbiome and its functionality regardless of the initial microbial community. Water Research, 141, 366-376. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.028Qiao, J.-T., Qiu, Y.-L., Yuan, X.-Z., Shi, X.-S., Xu, X.-H., & Guo, R.-B. (2013). Molecular characterization of bacterial and archaeal communities in a full-scale anaerobic reactor treating corn straw. Bioresource Technology, 143, 512-518. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.014Rinke, C. (2018). Single-Cell Genomics of Microbial Dark Matter. Microbiome Analysis, 99-111. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8728-3_7Rivière, D., Desvignes, V., Pelletier, E., Chaussonnerie, S., Guermazi, S., Weissenbach, J., … Sghir, A. (2009). Towards the definition of a core of microorganisms involved in anaerobic digestion of sludge. The ISME Journal, 3(6), 700-714. doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.2Robles, Á., Ruano, M. V., Charfi, A., Lesage, G., Heran, M., Harmand, J., … Ferrer, J. (2018). A review on anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) focused on modelling and control aspects. Bioresource Technology, 270, 612-626. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.049Sanz, J. L., Rojas, P., Morato, A., Mendez, L., Ballesteros, M., & González-Fernández, C. (2017). Microbial communities of biomethanization digesters fed with raw and heat pre-treated microalgae biomasses. Chemosphere, 168, 1013-1021. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.109Seco, A., Aparicio, S., González-Camejo, J., Jiménez-Benítez, A., Mateo, O., Mora, J. F., … Ferrer, J. (2018). Resource recovery from sulphate-rich sewage through an innovative anaerobic-based water resource recovery facility (WRRF). Water Science and Technology, 78(9), 1925-1936. doi:10.2166/wst.2018.492Sialve, B., Bernet, N., & Bernard, O. (2009). Anaerobic digestion of microalgae as a necessary step to make microalgal biodiesel sustainable. 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EU H2020 FIRST- vF Interoperation suppoRting buSiness innovation

The manufacturing industry is entering a new era in which new ICT technologies and collaboration applications are integrated with traditional manufacturing practices and processes to increase flexibility in manufacturing, mass customization, increase speed, better quality and to improve productivity. Virtual factories are key building blocks for Manufacturing 2.0, enabling the creation of new business ecosystems. In itself, the concept of virtual factories is a major expansion upon virtual enterprises in the context of manufacturing, which only integrates collaborative business processes from different enterprises to simulate, model and test different design options, to evaluate performance, thus to save time-to-production. Creating virtual factories requires the integration of product design processes, manufacturing processes, and general collaborative business processes across factories and enterprises. An important aspect of this integration is ensure straightforward compatibility between the machines, products, processes, related products and services, as well as any descriptions of those

Interoperability framework of virtual factory and business innovation

Interoperability framework of virtual factory and business innovationTask T51 Design a common schema and schema evolution framework for supporting interoperabilityTask T52 Design interoperability framework for supporting datainformation transformation service composition and business process cooperation among partnersA draft version is envisioned for month 44 which will be updated to reflect incremental changes driven by the other working packages for month 72 deliverable 7.

Clinical and preclinical therapeutic outcome metrics for USH2A-related disease

USH2A variants are the most common cause of Usher syndrome type 2, characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and also contribute to autosomal recessive non-syndromic RP. Several treatment strategies are under development; however, sensitive clinical trial endpoint metrics to determine therapeutic efficacy have not been identified. In the present study, we have performed longitudinal retrospective examination of the retinal and auditory symptoms in (i) 56 biallelic molecularly confirmed USH2A patients and (ii) ush2a mutant zebrafish to identify metrics for the evaluation of future clinical trials and rapid preclinical screening studies. The patient cohort showed a statistically significant correlation between age and both rate of constriction for the ellipsoid zone length and hyperautofluorescent outer retinal ring area. Visual acuity and pure tone audiograms are not suitable outcome measures. Retinal examination of the novel ush2au507 zebrafish mutant revealed a slowly progressive degeneration of predominantly rods, accompanied by rhodopsin and blue cone opsin mislocalization from 6 to 12 months of age with lysosome-like structures observed in the photoreceptors. This was further evaluated in the ush2armc zebrafish model, which revealed similar changes in photopigment mislocalization with elevated autophagy levels at 6 days post fertilization, indicating a more severe genotype-phenotype correlation and providing evidence of new insights into the pathophysiology underlying USH2A-retinal disease

Disruption of the Basal Body Protein POC1B Results in Autosomal-Recessive Cone-Rod Dystrophy

Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous missense mutation (c.317C>G [p.Arg106Pro]) in POC1B, encoding POC1 centriolar protein B, in three siblings with autosomal-recessive cone dystrophy or cone-rod dystrophy and compound-heterozygous POC1B mutations (c.199_201del [p.Gln67del] and c.810+1G>T) in an unrelated person with cone-rod dystrophy. Upon overexpression of POC1B in human TERT-immortalized retinal pigment epithelium 1 cells, the encoded wild-type protein localized to the basal body of the primary cilium, whereas this localization was lost for p.Arg106Pro and p.Gln67del variant forms of POC1B. Morpholino-oligonucleotide-induced knockdown of poc1b translation in zebrafish resulted in a dose-dependent small-eye phenotype, impaired optokinetic responses, and decreased length of photoreceptor outer segments. These ocular phenotypes could partially be rescued by wild-type human POC1B mRNA, but not by c.199_201del and c.317C>G mutant human POC1B mRNAs. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a human retinal cDNA library revealed FAM161A as a binary interaction partner of POC1B. This was confirmed in coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization assays, which both showed loss of FAM161A interaction with p.Arg106Pro and p.Gln67del variant forms of POC1B. FAM161A was previously implicated in autosomal-recessive retinitis pigmentosa and shown to be located at the base of the photoreceptor connecting cilium, where it interacts with several other ciliopathy-associated proteins. Altogether, this study demonstrates that POC1B mutations result in a defect of the photoreceptor sensory cilium and thus affect cone and rod photoreceptors