2,316 research outputs found
The Ecological and Ethical Consumption Development Prospects in Poland Compared with the Western European Countries
An overview of the Western European literature shows that one of the most distinct trends in consumption that has been noted in the recent years is globally increasing environmental and social awareness. The issue of consumers' behaviours and attitudes towards "socially responsible products" has been gaining importance in Polish economy as well. This article evaluates the development prospects of ethical and ecological consumption in Poland vis-à-vis Western European countries. The comparative analysis being part of the article utilizes primary sources of information, i.e. interviews with a representative sample of Polish adults, as well as secondary sources of information. A factor analysis or, more precisely, a principal component analysis, allowed dividing Polish consumers into groups that were typologically homogeneous in respect of their sensitivity to various aspects of business ethics and ecology.Przegląd literatury zachodnio-europejskiej pozwala stwierdzić, że jednym z najbardziej zauważalnych trendów w sferze konsumpcji w ostatnich latach jest coraz większa świadomość ekologiczna i społeczna w wymiarze globalnym. Problematyka zachowań i postaw konsumentów wobec produktów "społecznie odpowiedzialnych" nabiera coraz większego znaczenia także w polskiej gospodarce. Celem artykułu jest ocena perspektyw rozwoju etyczneji ekologicznej konsumpcji w Polsce na tle krajów zachodnio-europejskich. Analizę porównawczą prowadzono bazując na źródłach wtórych jak i badaniach pierwotnych realizowanych na reprezentatywnej próbie losowej dorosłych mieszkańców Polski. W oparciu o analizę czynnikową, a dokładniej metodę analizy głównych składowych, dokonano także podziału polskich konsumentów na jednorodne grupy typologiczne pod względem ich wrażliwości na różne aspekty związane z ekologią i etyką
Ground states of a one-dimensional lattice-gas model with an infinite range nonconvex interaction. A numerical study
We consider a lattice-gas model with an infinite range pairwise noncovex
interaction. It might be relevant, for example, for adsorption of alkaline
elements on W(112) and Mo(112). We study a competition between the effective
dipole-dipole and indirect interactions. The resulting ground state phase
diagrams are analysed (numerically) in detail. We have found that for some
model parameters the phase diagrams contain a region dominated by several
phases only with periods up to nine lattice constants. The remaining phase
diagrams reveal a complex structure of usually long periodic phases. We also
discuss a possible role of surace states in phase transitions.Comment: 16 pages, 5 Postscript figures; Physical Review B15 (15 August 1996),
in pres
The XYZ states: Experimental and theoretical status and perspectives
The quark model was formulated in 1964 to classify mesons as bound states
made of a quark-antiquark pair, and baryons as bound states made of three
quarks. For a long time all known mesons and baryons could be classified within
this scheme. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), however, in principle also allows
the existence of more complex structures, generically called exotic hadrons or
simply exotics. These include four-quark hadrons (tetraquarks and hadronic
molecules), five-quark hadrons (pentaquarks) and states with active gluonic
degrees of freedom (hybrids), and even states of pure glue (glueballs). Exotic
hadrons have been systematically searched for in numerous experiments for many
years. Remarkably, in the past fifteen years, many new hadrons that do not
exhibit the expected properties of ordinary (not exotic) hadrons have been
discovered in the quarkonium spectrum. These hadrons are collectively known as
states. Some of them, like the charged states, are undoubtedly exotic.
Parallel to the experimental progress, the last decades have also witnessed an
enormous theoretical effort to reach a theoretical understanding of the
states. Theoretical approaches include not only phenomenological extensions of
the quark model to exotics, but also modern non-relativistic effective field
theories and lattice QCD calculations. The present work aims at reviewing the
rapid progress in the field of exotic hadrons over the past few years
both in experiments and theory. It concludes with a summary on future prospects
and challenges
Ferroelectric Phase Transitions in Films with Depletion Charge
We consider ferroelectric phase transitions in both short-circuited and
biased ferroelectric-semiconductor films with a space (depletion) charge which
leads to some unusual behavior. It is shown that in the presence of the charge
the polarization separates into `switchable' and `non-switchable' parts. The
electric field, appearing due to the space charge, does not wash out the phase
transition, which remains second order but takes place at somewhat reduced
temperature. At the same time, it leads to a suppression of the
ferroelectricity in a near-electrode layer. This conclusion is valid for
materials with both second and first order phase transitions in pure bulk
samples. Influence of the depletion charge on thermodynamic coercive field
reduces mainly to the lowering of the phase transition temperature, and its
effect is negligible. The depletion charge can, however, facilitate an
appearance of the domain structure which would be detrimental for device
performance (fatigue). We discuss some issues of conceptual character, which
are generally known but were overlooked in previous works. The present results
have general implications for small systems with depletion charge.Comment: 11 pages, REVTeX 3.1, five eps-figures included in the text. Minor
clarifications in the text. To appear in Phys. Rev. B 61, Apr 1 (2000
Functor of continuation in Hilbert cube and Hilbert space
A -set in a metric space is a closed subset of such that each
map of the Hilbert cube into can uniformly be approximated by maps of
into . The aim of the paper is to show that there exists a
functor of extension of maps between -sets of [or ] to maps acting
on the whole space [resp. ]. Special properties of the functor are
proved.Comment: 9 page
Rmi1 stimulates decatenation of double Holliday junctions during dissolution by Sgs1-Top3
double Holliday junction (dHJ) is a central intermediate of homologous recombination that can be processed to yield crossover or non-crossover recombination products. To preserve genomic integrity, cells possess mechanisms to avoid crossing over. We show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sgs1 and Top3 proteins are sufficient to migrate and disentangle a dHJ to produce exclusively non-crossover recombination products, in a reaction termed "dissolution." We show that Rmi1 stimulates dHJ dissolution at low Sgs1-Top3 protein concentrations, although it has no effect on the initial rate of Holliday junction (HJ) migration. Rmi1 serves to stimulate DNA decatenation, removing the last linkages between the repaired and template DNA molecules. Dissolution of a dHJ is a highly efficient and concerted alternative to nucleolytic resolution that prevents crossing over of chromosomes during recombinational DNA repair in mitotic cells and thereby contributes to genomic integrity
Interplay between topological insulators and superconductors
Topological insulators are insulating in the bulk but possess metallic surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry. Here, we report on a detailed electronic transport study in high-quality Bi 2Se 3 topological insulator thin films contacted by superconducting (In, Al, and W) electrodes. The resistance of the film shows an abrupt and significant upturn when the electrodes become superconducting. In turn, the Bi 2Se 3 film greatly weakens the superconductivity of the electrodes, significantly reducing both their transition temperatures and their critical fields. A possible interpretation of these results is that the superconducting electrodes are accessing the surface states and the experimental results are consequences of the interplay between the Cooper pairs of the electrodes and the spin-polarized current of the surface states in Bi 2Se 3. © 2012 American Physical Society.published_or_final_versio
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