Gender-based violence-supportive cognitions in adolescent girls and boys: the function of violence exposure and victimisation

Violence against women and girls is widespread in the Caribbean, which may be due to heightened acceptance of such acts in this specific social context. In spite of this, studies investigating attitudes towards violence and their correlates among participants drawn from the region are missing. In order to address this void in the literature, we examined associations between violence exposure and victimisation and two gender-based violence-related cognitions (attitudes towards male physical domestic violence and social norms regarding physical violence against girls) as well as general beliefs about violence, using structural equation modelling. Participants were a sample of adolescent girls (n = 661; M age = 13.15) and boys (n = 639; M age = 13.22) from two Eastern Caribbean countries, Barbados and Grenada, recruited from 10 primary schools, nine secondary schools, and two youth offender centres. In considering that girls and boys were previously demonstrated to differ in their experiences as well as tolerance of violence, structural models were specified and tested separately for the two sexes. Results indicated that violence victimisation was positively strongly associated with attitudes towards male physical domestic violence and social norms regarding physical violence against girls among boys. Increased violence victimisation among girls, in turn, correlated with increased acceptance of social norms regarding physical violence against girls, but this relationship was weak. Violence exposure did not have any significant associations with any of the attitudinal variables included in the study. We discuss the importance of these findings for the development of appropriate gender-based violence prevention strategies for youths from the Eastern Caribbean

Can we use Hare’s psychopathy model within forensic and non-forensic populations? An empirical investigation

Although psychopathy construct (SRP-SF) was assessed among various samples, prior research did not investigate whether the model proposed by Hare and colleagues can be used to capture psychopathy scores derived from forensic and non-forensic populations. The main objective of the current study was to test dimensionality, construct validity, and factorial invariance of the SRP-SF within prison (N = 730) and student (N = 2,506) samples. Our results indicate that the SRP-SF measure cannot be used in the same way within forensic and non-forensic samples, which may be due to the inclusion of criminal/antisocial traits as an integral part of psychopathy

Phoretic Motion of Spheroidal Particles Due To Self-Generated Solute Gradients

We study theoretically the phoretic motion of a spheroidal particle, which generates solute gradients in the surrounding unbounded solvent via chemical reactions active on its surface in a cap-like region centered at one of the poles of the particle. We derive, within the constraints of the mapping to classical diffusio-phoresis, an analytical expression for the phoretic velocity of such an object. This allows us to analyze in detail the dependence of the velocity on the aspect ratio of the polar and the equatorial diameters of the particle and on the fraction of the particle surface contributing to the chemical reaction. The particular cases of a sphere and of an approximation for a needle-like particle, which are the most common shapes employed in experimental realizations of such self-propelled objects, are obtained from the general solution in the limits that the aspect ratio approaches one or becomes very large, respectively.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, to appear in European Physical Journal

Systematic Control of Carrier Doping without Disorder at Interface of Oxide Heterostructures

We propose a method to systematically control carrier densities at the interface of transition-metal oxide heterostructures without introducing disorders. By inserting non-polar layers sandwiched by polar layers, continuous carrier doping into the interface can be realized. This method enables us to control the total carrier densities per unit cell systematically up to high values of the order unity.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

On the distribution of high-frequency stock market traded volume: a dynamical scenario

This manuscript reports a stochastic dynamical scenario whose associated stationary probability density function is exactly a previously proposed one to adjust high-frequency traded volume distributions. This dynamical conjecture, physically connected to superstatiscs, which is intimately related with the current nonextensive statistical mechanics framework, is based on the idea of local fluctuations in the mean traded volume associated to financial markets agents herding behaviour. The corroboration of this mesoscopic model is done by modelising NASDAQ 1 and 2 minute stock market traded volume

Serological aspects of tumour immunology

It has been postulated that antibody may affect tumour growth directly, or indirectly by modulating the activities of T-cells, K-cells and macrophages. Therefore, these studies were designed to gain some insight into whether the pleomorphism exhibited by immunoglobulin classes and sub-classes might account for the numerous roles that have been postulated for antibody in tumour immunity. The model chosen was the inhibition of syngeneic tumour growth (s.e.) by an infection of C.parvrart (i.p.) in CBA mice, and three serological parameters were measured after administration of C.parvum, tumour or both. These were 1) immunoglobulin binding to tumour target cells in vitro (aom.times designated "anti-tumour antibody", in an operational sense); 2) total immunoglobulln class and sub-class levels; 3) snti-C.parvum antibody titres. WLth the aid of serum from appropriately immunised mice, an isotonic antiglobulin assay was developed to detect immunoglobulin binding to target cells in vitro. It soon became apparent that C.parvum (CN 613U) administration (i.p.) to normal mice resulted in the production of immunoglobulin binding to tumour cells in vitro, accompanied by elevated levels of certain serum immunoglobulins (most markedly and consistently IgG^) and high anti-C.parvum antibody titres. These serological changes were dose and route dependent, although not dependent on an intact thymus, and they occurred with other adjuvants. The immunoglobulin binding to tumour cells in vitro was IgM, and exhibited no specificity for tumour cells. C.parvum (CM 613U) administration (i.p.) to tumour bearing mice also elicited immunoglobulin capable of binding to tumour cells in vitro, accompanied by elevated levels of most immunoglobulin classes and sub-classes and high aati-C.parvum antibody titres. Again the changes were route dependent and could he diminished (or, in the case of immunoglobulin binding to tumour cells in vitro, abolished) by the administration of gold salts. They were also apparent in thymectomised mice and in mice treated with other adjuvants. The immmoglobulin binding to tumour cells in vitro occurred in all classes and sub-classes except IgA, and the 7S immunoglobulin exhibited a degree of specificity for homologous tumour ce2fe, although the 19S did not. Preliminary experiments were also undertaken to see if; 1) the antibody detected by the antiglobulin assay was due to genuine antigenantibody reaction; 2) immunoglobulin binding to tumour cells in vitro could be elicited without the intervention of adjuvant; 3) the serological changes could influence tumour growth; U) tumours of lymphoid origin could affect the immune response to defined antigens. The results are related to findings from other laboratories, and discussed from the standpoint of possible mechinisms of adjuvant action. Suggestions are made for improvement of techniques used and for further work in this area

The reflective learning continuum: reflecting on reflection

The importance of reflection to marketing educators is increasingly recognized. However, there is a lack of empirical research which considers reflection within the context of both the marketing and general business education literature. This paper describes the use of an instrument which can be used to measure four identified levels of a reflection hierarchy: habitual action, understanding, reflection and intensive reflection and two conditions for reflection: instructor to student interaction and student to student interaction. Further we demonstrate the importance of reflective learning in predicting graduates’ perception of program quality. Although the focus was on assessment of MBA level curricula, the findings have great importance to marketing education and educators

Molecular dynamics simulations of oscillatory Couette flows with slip boundary conditions

The effect of interfacial slip on steady-state and time-periodic flows of monatomic liquids is investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The fluid phase is confined between atomically smooth rigid walls, and the fluid flows are induced by moving one of the walls. In steady shear flows, the slip length increases almost linearly with shear rate. We found that the velocity profiles in oscillatory flows are well described by the Stokes flow solution with the slip length that depends on the local shear rate. Interestingly, the rate dependence of the slip length obtained in steady shear flows is recovered when the slip length in oscillatory flows is plotted as a function of the local shear rate magnitude. For both types of flows, the friction coefficient at the liquid-solid interface correlates well with the structure of the first fluid layer near the solid wall.Comment: 31 pages, 11 figure

Where constructionism and critical realism converge: interrogating the domain of epistemological relativism

The paper interrogates the status, nature and significance of epistemological relativism as a key element of constructionism and critical realism. It finds that epistemological relativism is espoused by authorities in critical realism and marginalized or displaced in the field of management and organization studies, resulting in forms of analysis that are empirically, but not fully critically, realist. This evaluation prompts reflection on the question of whether, how and with what implications epistemological relativism might be recast at the heart of critical realist studies of management and organization