Produ??o de um comp?sito a partir de materiais sustent?veis

The current work had as aim the production of a composite material from the expansive resin of castor beans oil and remains of useless tires for thermal isolation and sound absorption. Proof materials were produced on the compositions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% according to the amount of tire remains added to the mixture. Later on, the coefficient of sound absorption by the transfer function method as described on the international rule ISO 10534- 2:1998 and the thermal conductivity adoption the procedures from the technical rule ASTMC518 of them. The D-70 castor beans polyurethane is able to absorb 20% more the sound comparing to the D-40 castor beans polyurethane and also absorbs 3% more the sound comparing to oil polyurethane. The best acoustic performance was obtained by the composite sample of 20% of tire remains that has sound absorption coefficient higher than the D-70 CBP, the D-40 CBP and the oil polyurethane, of about 15%, 35% and 18% respectively. The composites produced showed less thermal conductivity than the oil polyurethane, the glass wool and the rock wool. It was concluded that the addition of the tire has increased the capability to absorb the sound from the composites and that the use of castor beans polyurethane of more density increases the sound absorption of the composite, as well as not influencing negatively its low thermal conductivity. Moreover, they show thermal conductivity considerably less than oil polyurethane, glass wool and rock wool.O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a produ??o de um material comp?sito proveniente da resina expansiva de ?leo de mamona e raspas de pneus inserv?veis para isola??o t?rmica e absor??o sonora. Foram produzidos corpos de prova nas propor??es de 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% e 20% de raspas de pneu em rela??o a massa total da mistura, sendo os mesmos realizados em triplicata (metodologia de Oliveira (2010)). Posteriormente, avaliou-se o coeficiente de absor??o sonora pelo m?todo de fun??o de transfer?ncia conforme descrito na norma internacional ISO10534-2:1998, e a condutividade t?rmica adotando os procedimentos da Norma T?cnica ASTM-C518 dos mesmos. Atrav?s dos resultados obtidos nos ensaios, podese observar que o poliuretano de mamona D-70, chega a absorver 0,2 (20%) a mais o som em rela??o ao poliuretano de mamona D-40 (ensaiado por Oliveira (2010)) e tamb?m absorve 0,03 (3%) a mais o som em rela??o ao poliuretano de petr?leo (estudado por Borges (2009)). O melhor desempenho ac?stico foi obtido pela amostra do comp?sito contendo 20% de pneu, que possui coeficiente de absor??o sonora superior ao PU de mamona D-70, ao PU de mamona D-40, e ao PU de petr?leo, de aproximadamente 15%, 35% e 18%, respectivamente. Os comp?sitos produzidos apresentaram condutividade t?rmica menor que o poliuretano de petr?leo e a l? de vidro. Concluiu-se que a adi??o do pneu aumentou a capacidade de absorver o som dos comp?sitos e que a utiliza??o do poliuretano de mamona de maior densidade aumenta a absor??o sonora do comp?sito, al?m de n?o influenciar de forma significativa a sua baixa condutividade t?rmica

OPTIMIZATION OF SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF ETHANOL OBTAINED BY SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION OF SURGARCANE BAGASSE

ABSTRACT -Solid-state fermentation has arrived as an alternative to reduce the amount of waste water in ethanol fermentation. However, the recovery of ethanol from solid medium should be investigated, since depending of experimental condition used in the extraction, significant difference in the results can be obtained. In this work was investigated the influence of temperature (30-50°C), solid to liquid ratio (0.1-0.4 wt%) and orbital agitation (50-180 rpm) in the recovery of ethanol from sugarcane bagasse at different fermentation conditions of moisture content (50-80%) and ethanol amount (5-20 wt%). The highest recovering efficiency was 99,8% at 30°C, initial ethanol amount of 10 wt%, orbital agitation of 100 rpm and moisture content of 60%. The main contribution of this work was to demonstrate that the amount of water used in the extraction is lesser than that used in traditional liquid fermentation, making possible to obtain a more concentrated broth, saving with water treatment and energy

Genome wide association scan for chronic periodontitis implicates novel locus

Background: There is evidence for a genetic contribution to chronic periodontitis. In this study, we conducted a genome wide association study among 866 participants of the University of Pittsburgh Dental Registry and DNA Repository, whose periodontal diagnosis ranged from healthy (N = 767) to severe chronic periodontitis (N = 99).Methods: Genotypingi of over half-million single nucleotide polymorphisms was determined. Analyses were done twice, first in the complete dataset of all ethnicities, and second including only samples defined as self-reported Whites. From the top 100 results, twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms had consistent results in both analyses (borderline p-values ranging from 1E-05 to 1E-6) and were selected to be tested in two independent datasets derived from 1,460 individuals from Porto Alegre, and 359 from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Meta-analyses of the Single nucleotide polymorphisms showing a trend for association in the independent dataset were performed.Results: The rs1477403 marker located on 16q22.3 showed suggestive association in the discovery phase and in the Porto Alegre dataset (p = 0.05). The meta-analysis suggested the less common allele decreases the risk of chronic periodontitis.Conclusions: Our data offer a clear hypothesis to be independently tested regarding the contribution of the 16q22.3 locus to chronic periodontitis. © 2014 Feng et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Prevalence and risk indicators of oral mucosal lesions in an urban population from South Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) and to perform a multivariable risk assessment of demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and oral risk indicators for its occurrence in an urban population in South Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study selected 1586 subjects (719M ⁄ 867F, age: 14-104 years) using a multistage probability sampling strategy (65.1% response rate). Prevalence, odds ratios (OR), and confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated accounting for the survey design. RESULTS: Leukoplakia and lichen planus were observed in 1.01% and 1.02% of subjects, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, these lesions were significantly associated with moderate ⁄ heavy smoking (OR = 9.0, 95% CI = 2.1-39.1) and heavy drinking (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1-3.7). Candidiasis and proliferative lesions were observed in 14.09% and 3.80% of the subjects, respectively. These lesions were significantly associated with female gender (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5-3.2 and OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-2.8), older age (OR = 22, 95% CI = 8.0-60.8 and OR = 8.9, 95% CI = 3.4-23.7), and low socioeconomic status (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0-3.5 and OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.2-7.2). CONCLUSIONS: This population is in need of OML prevention and treatment. Future studies should validate the findings that premalignant lesions are causally related to smoking and alcohol consumption, and that other OML are associated with socioeconomic-demographic disparities in this and similar populations

Mitochondrial permeability transition is a central coordinating event of apoptosis.

In a number of experimental systems, the early stage o the apoptotic process, i.e. the stage that precedes nuclear disintegration, is characterized by the breakdown of the inner mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨ(m)). This ΔΨ(m) disruption is mediated by the opening of permeability transition (PT) pores and appears to be critical for the apoptotic cascade, since it is directly regulated by Bcl-2 and since mitochondria induced to undergo PT in vitro become capable of inducing nuclear chromatinolysis in a cell-free system of apoptosis. Here, we addressed the question of which apoptotic events are secondary to mitochondrial PT. We tested the effect of a specific inhibitor of PT, bongkrekic acid (BA), a ligand of the mitochondrial academic nucleotide translocator, on a prototypic model of apoptosis; glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte death. In addition to abolishing the apoptotic ΔΨ(m) disruption, BA prevents a number of phenomena linked to apoptosis: depletion of nonoxidized glutathione, genetic generation of reactive oxygen species, translocation of NFκB, exposure of phosphatidylserine residues on the outer plasma membrane, cytoplasmic vacuolization, chromatin condensation, and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. BA is also an efficient inhibitor of p53- dependent thymocyte apoptosis induced by DNA damaged. These data suggest that a number of apoptotic phenomona are secondary to PT. In addition, we present data indicating that apoptotic ΔΨ(m) disruption is secondary to transcriptional events. These data connect the PT control point to the p53- and ICE/Ced 3-regulated control points of apoptosis and place PT upstream of nuclear and plasma membrane features of PCD.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015

Cells exposed to extreme physicochemical or mechanical stimuli die in an uncontrollable manner, as a result of their immediate structural breakdown. Such an unavoidable variant of cellular demise is generally referred to as ‘accidental cell death’ (ACD). In most settings, however, cell death is initiated by a genetically encoded apparatus, correlating with the fact that its course can be altered by pharmacologic or genetic interventions. ‘Regulated cell death’ (RCD) can occur as part of physiologic programs or can be activated once adaptive responses to perturbations of the extracellular or intracellular microenvironment fail. The biochemical phenomena that accompany RCD may be harnessed to classify it into a few subtypes, which often (but not always) exhibit stereotyped morphologic features. Nonetheless, efficiently inhibiting the processes that are commonly thought to cause RCD, such as the activation of executioner caspases in the course of apoptosis, does not exert true cytoprotective effects in the mammalian system, but simply alters the kinetics of cellular demise as it shifts its morphologic and biochemical correlates. Conversely, bona fide cytoprotection can be achieved by inhibiting the transduction of lethal signals in the early phases of the process, when adaptive responses are still operational. Thus, the mechanisms that truly execute RCD may be less understood, less inhibitable and perhaps more homogeneous than previously thought. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death formulates a set of recommendations to help scientists and researchers to discriminate between essential and accessory aspects of cell death

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНОГО МЕТАБОЛИЗМА ГЛЮКОЗЫ У БОЛЬНЫХ С СОСУДИСТОЙ ДЕМЕНЦИЕЙ (ПО ДАННЫМ ПОЗИТРОННО-ЭМИССИОННОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ)

Vascular dementia is quite common diagnosis in elderly patients (5–10% of all dementia cases). Despite that, where is no reliable neuroimaging diagnostic marker like patterns of cerebral glucose metabolism changes in positron emission tomography (PET) in Alzheimer’s disease and some other types of dementia. The purpose of this research was to study cerebral glucose metabolism peculiarities with PET and to compare findings with metabolic changes in normal aging. Two groups of subjects were examined: patients suffered from vascular dementia and age-matching control group without cognitive and neurological disorders. Cerebral glucose hypometabolism in vascular dementia was heterogeneous and differed in different patients. Besides that, comparison with the control group demonstrated larger volume of hypometabolism and statistically significant decrease of cerebral metabolism in parietal, frontal and cingular cortex. Сосудистые деменции составляют 5–10% всех известных случаев деменции. При этом для нее не существует надежного диагностического маркера, основанного на применении методов нейровизуализации, как, например, паттерны нарушений церебрального метаболизма при болезни Альцгеймера и некоторых других видов деменции по данным позитронно-эмиссионной томографии (ПЭТ). Целью данного исследования было изучение особенностей церебрального метаболизма у больных сосудистой деменцией по данным ПЭТ и сравнение их с наблюдающимися при нормальном старении возрастными изменениями. Обследовано две группы: группа больных сосудистой деменцией и контрольная группа «возрастной нормы», сопоставимая по возрасту. При сосудистой деменции выявлялся неоднородный рисунок гипометаболизма, различавшийся у разных больных. Вместе с тем сравнение с контрольной группой обнаружило при сосудистой деменции больший объем гипометаболизма и статистически значимое снижение церебрального метаболизма глюкозы в ассоциативной теменной, лобной и поясной коре.

Effects of school-based interventions on mental health stigmatization: a systematic review

Stigmatizing, or discriminatory, perspectives and behaviour, which target individuals on the basis of their mental health, are observed in even the youngest school children. We conducted a systematic review of the published and unpublished, scientific literature concerning the benefits and harms of school-based interventions, which were directed at students 18 years of age or younger to prevent or eliminate such stigmatization. Forty relevant studies were identified, yet only a qualitative synthesis was deemed appropriate. Five limitations within the evidence base constituted barriers to drawing conclusive inferences about the effectiveness and harms of school-based interventions: poor reporting quality, a dearth of randomized controlled trial evidence, poor methods quality for all research designs, considerable clinical heterogeneity, and inconsistent or null results. Nevertheless, certain suggestive evidence derived both from within and beyond our evidence base has allowed us to recommend the development, implementation and evaluation of a curriculum, which fosters the development of empathy and, in turn, an orientation toward social inclusion and inclusiveness. These effects may be achieved largely by bringing especially but not exclusively the youngest children into direct, structured contact with an infant, and likely only the oldest children and youth into direct contact with individuals experiencing mental health difficulties. The possible value of using educational activities, materials and contents to enhance hypothesized benefits accruing to direct contact also requires investigation. Overall, the curriculum might serve as primary prevention for some students and as secondary prevention for others