Visual problems as a result of brain damage in children

Affected children include those with cerebral palsy, who may or may not have learning difficulties, and those with profound brain damage causing cerebral blindnes

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND EPIZOOTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SALMONELLOSIS AND IMPROVEMENT OF THEIR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONTROL

In the last twenty years, in large numbers of countries in the world, the epidemiological features of the incidence of salmonellosis have increased, in particular, human morbidity rate, infection farm animals and birds with salmonella, and the environmental harmed has increased by S. Enteritidis. The increase in the epidemiological significance of farm animals, birds and industrial poultry products, the connection between epizootic and epidemic processes, the changes in the sanitary and epidemiological service in the Republic of Uzbekistan require the restructuring of the existing system of epidemiological surveillance for salmonellosis

Epidemiological and Epizootological Characteristics of Salmonellosis and Improvement of Their Epidemiological Control

In the last twenty years, in large numbers of countries in the world, the epidemiological features of the incidence of salmonellosis have increased, in particular, human morbidity rate, infection farm animals and birds with salmonella, and the environmental harmed has increased by S. Enteritidis. The increase in the epidemiological significance of farm animals, birds and industrial poultry products, the connection between epizootic and epidemic processes, the changes in the sanitary and epidemiological service in the Republic of Uzbekistan require the restructuring of the existing system of epidemiological surveillance for salmonellosis

Cerebral visual dysfunction in prematurely born children attending mainstream school

<p>Purpose: Although premature birth is recognised as a cause of cerebral visual impairment (CVI), which can include cerebral visual dysfunction (CVD), the incidence and nature of CVD in prematurely born children is not known.</p> <p>Methods: A prospective, controlled investigation was undertaken of forty-six, mainstream primary school children, prematurely born with gestations of 24.0–34.6 weeks, and of 130 control (term-born) children. Assessments were made of IQ, ophthalmic functions, visual perception and visual attention. Structured history-taking seeking evidence of behavioural features of CVI used a question inventory. Obstetric, neonatal and paediatric medical histories were documented from case records.</p> <p>Results: Fifteen out of forty-six (33 %) of the prematurely born children—“cluster A”—revealed behaviours corresponding with CVD on cluster analysis of the CVI inventory. The whole prematurely born group performed worse than controls on all visual perception tests and all four visual attention tests. Children in cluster A were responsible for this effect, performing worse than controls on all visual perception and visual attention tests except visual closure, while cluster B prematurely born children performed no differently to controls.</p> <p>Conclusions: The prevalence of CVD in these prematurely born children is between 21–47 % (95 % CI), with a pattern similar to “dorsal stream dysfunction”. Currently available perceptual tests appear to be unable to identify the specific pattern of problems noted in this group. Many studies have provided evidence of cognitive and intellectual dysfunction in prematurely born children, and it is possible that CVD is a contributor. The CVI inventory is a potential means of identifying and characterising the condition, which can be ameliorated with simple strategies.</p&gt