Fecundity of the invasive Hepu mitten crab, Eriocheir hepuensis Dai, 1991 (Grapsoidea: Brachyura) from Shatt Al- Arab and Arabian Gulf. Iraq

The present study was carried out to investigate the fecundity of species of Branchyuran crustaceans Eriocheir hepuensis Specimens were collected from different regions of Shatt-Al-Arab river, North-West Arabian Gulf and Khour Abdulla during the period from Autumn 2016 to Summer 2017 by fishing trawl net. The total wet weight of specimens ranged between (92.27-199.27) gm. The crab’s carapace lengths were between (4.2 - 9.4) cm. Absolute fecundity was found to be from (252331.4 – 1636153.4) eggs/female. The relative fecundity ranged between (2181 – 13440.1) eggs/gm. The correlation values at the probability level of 0.05 between absolute fertility rate with carapace width and total weight were r=0.93,r=0.96 respectively.  Eggs development stages in E.hepuensis crabs are divided into seven stages. The objective of this study was to measurements the fecundity for assessing population reproductive dynamics and energetics and for estimating the annual reproductive output and how it is linked to recruitment and population growth

Reproductive System and fecundity of the blue Swimming Crab Portunus pelagicus from the northwestern Arabian Gulf, Iraq

It is possible to distinguish between males and females in types of crabs in general through the abdominal region, which is narrow in males and broad in females, as well as by opening the cover of the abdominal region. In males, a pair of peleopods can be seen, which are organs attached to the male reproductive system. It has two parts, the wide part, which is located at the bottom of the base of the abdominal cap, and the long tubular part. In females, when the abdominal cover is opened, eight pairs of feathers can be seen located below the base of the abdominal cap. The male gonads are distinguished by white color, located on the right and left of the abdomen, while the female gonads are internally colored. Yellow to orange, the absolute fecundity rate (egg/individual) for the female swimming blue crab ranged between (82711.7 - 2187239.74), and the relative fecundity rate of blue crab females was between (1416.9 - 9688.8) eggs/g

Diabetic ketoacidosis in a hospital based population in Pakistan

Sixty-two consecutive episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) were studied at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Forty-four (71%) were type I and 18 (29%) type II diabetics. Mean age was 28.1 years and mean duration of diabetes 4.1 years. Infections were the most common precipitating factor accounting for 28 episodes (45.2%). Twenty-two patients (35.5%) had hyperosmolality (serum osmolality \u3e 320 mosmol/L). Mean serum Na+ was 131.7 mmol/L and K+ 4.6 mmol/L. Twenty-three (37.1%) were hyperkalemic at presentation with seven patients (11.3%) being comatosed and 35 (56.5%) alert. Mean random blood glucose (RBG) was 624 mg/dl, mean pN 7.09, osmolality 316 mosmol/L and the neurological status correlated statistically significantly with mean RBG, pH and osmolality. A leukemoid response was seen in 83.9% episodes. Mortality rate was 8.0% in patients with DKA managed in this hospital

Clinical presentation of thyroid cancer patients in Pakistan--AKUH experience

Objective: To asses the clinical presentation of patients with thyroid cancer, their preferred diagnostic work-up and preferred surgical procedure. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients that underwent partial or total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer at AKUH between 1989 and 2002. SPSS was used to analyze data. Pearson\u27s chi square and likelihood ratios used to calculate tests of significance. Results: A total of 97 patients were included in this review. Solitary thyroid nodule was the initial presentation in three. Majority (58.7%) presented with neck swelling or enlarging goiter. One out of every 3 patients showed evidence of lymph node involvement and 20% had distant metastases. The aggressiveness of the disease did not correlate with age, sex or histological subtype. There was no correlation between the size of the tumor and presence of local or distant metastases. CONCLUSION: Thyroid cancer is a more aggressive disease in Pakistan, with majority of patients presenting with multinodular goiters, and a significant number have lymph node metastases. A higher degree of vigilance and a lower threshold for fine needle aspiration (FNA) is needed while evaluating patients with thyroid goiter

Perencanaan Kebutuhan Kapasitas Produksi pada PT Xyz

PT XYZ adalah Perusahaan manufaktur yang memproduksi beberapa peralatan rumah tangga berbahan baku stainless steel, seperti wajan, asbak, sendok, dan garpu. Perusahaan ini memiliki sistem operasi make to stock dan pada periode April, Mei, Juli, dan Oktober 2012 Perusahaan tidak mampu memenuhi permintaan konsumen akan produk sendok dan garpu karena jumlah produk jadi dengan jumlah permintaan konsumen tidak sesuai. Ketidaksesuaian terjadi akibat dari kapasitas produksi yang tersedia tidak sesuai dengan kapasitas produksi yang dibutuhkan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pemecahan masalah adalah dengan melakukan peramalan, perhitungan Rough Cut Capacity Planning (RCCP), dan pemberian usulan perencanaan kapasitas produksi. Peramalan diperlukan untuk mengetahui perkiraan permintaan konsumen, RCCP digunakan untuk mengetahui work centre yang mengalami kekurangan kapasitas produksi, dan usulan perencanaan kapasitas produksi digunakan sebagai alternatif work centre dalam meningkatkan kapasitas produksi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini, antara lain jumlah perkiraan permintaan konsumen adalah sebesar 2.844.183 unit; terdapat tiga work centre yang mengalami kekurangan kapasitas produksi, yaitu work centre Pemotongan Plat, Gerinda, dan Polish; usulan perencanaan kapasitas produksi yang dilakukan pada work centre Pemotongan Plat, Gerinda, dan Polish berturut-turut adalah melakukan penyesuaian beban kerja (re-adjusment), menambah tiga unit mesin Gerinda, dan tiga unit mesin Polish. Dari hasil perencanaan kapasitas produksi yang diusulkan dapat diketahui bahwa seluruh perkiraan permintaan konsumen dapat terpenuhi dan pendapatan Perusahaan meningkat sebesar 31,06%

Automated monitoring of dairy cow body condition, mobility and weight using a single 3D video capture device

© 2018 Here we propose a low-cost automated system for the unobtrusive and continuous welfare monitoring of dairy cattle on the farm. We argue that effective and regular monitoring of multiple condition traits is not currently practicable and go on to propose 3D imaging technology able to acquire differing forms of related animal condition data (body condition, lameness and weight), concurrently using a single device. Results obtained under farm conditions in continuous operation are shown to be comparable or better than manual scoring of the herd. We also consider inherent limitations of using scoring and argue that sensitivity to relative change over successive observations offers greater benefit than the use of what may be considered abstract and arbitrary scoring systems

Lowering virus attack with improved yield and fiber quality in different cotton genotypes by early sown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

A three year study with the objective of exploring the possible role of different sowing dates and cotton genotypes on seed cotton yield, fiber quality and virus attack was conducted at the Cotton Research Station (CRS), Multan, Pakistan during three consecutive years (2006, 2007 and 2008). Two cotton genotypes namely: MNH-6070 and CIM-496 were sown on five different sowing dates (15th April, 1st May, 15th May, 1st June and 15th June) during the three consecutive years (2006, 2007 and 2008). The analyzed data indicated that early sown cotton (15th April) resulted in low virus attack (21.06%) and enhanced seed cotton yield (1575%), together with yield components (number of bolls per plant and boll weight), and improved fiber quality (staple length and micronaire) during all the three years as compared with late sown crop (15th June). Likewise, MNH-6070 also resulted in low virus attack (45.79%) and higher seed cotton yield (117.19%), as well as yield components. Regarding fiber quality, MNH-6070 resulted in higher micronarie, while CIM-496 resulted in higher staple length. Early sowing and cotton genotype MNH-6070 also resulted in maximum ginning out turn (GOT). Nonetheless, seed cotton yield and fiber quality were both negatively affected due to late sowing (1st and 15th of June) in both cotton genotypes. In crux, early sowing enhanced seed cotton yield due to increased number of bolls per plant, boll weight and low virus attack. Similarly, cotton genotype MNH-6070 also resulted to higher seed cotton yield, GOT and more resistance against virus attack due to its better genetic makeup. In summary, cotton genotype MNH-6070 should be sown on 15th April in order to obtain maximum seed cotton yield under agro-climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan.Key words: Sowing time, seed cotton yield, staple length, micronaire

Caesarean delivery and its association with educational attainment, wealth index, and place of residence in Sub-Saharan Africa : a meta-analysis

Caesarean delivery (C-section) has been increasing worldwide; however, many women from developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are deprived of these lifesaving services. This study aimed to explore the impact of certain socioeconomic factors, including respondent’s education, husband’s education, place of residence, and wealth index, on C-section delivery for women in Sub-Saharan Africa. We used pooled data from 36 demographic and health surveys (DHS) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Married women aged 15–49 years who have at least one child in the last five years were considered in this survey. After inclusion and excluding criteria, 234,660 participants were eligible for final analysis. Binary logistic regression was executed to determine the effects of selected socioeconomic factors. The countries were assembled into four sub-regions (Southern Africa, West Africa, East Africa, and Central Africa), and a meta-analysis was conducted. We performed random-effects model estimation for meta-analysis to assess the overall effects and consistency between covariates and utilization of C-section delivery as substantial heterogeneity was identified (I2 > 50%). Furthermore, the meta-regression was carried out to explain the additional amount of heterogeneity by country levels. We performed a sensitivity analysis to examine the effects of outliers in this study. Findings suggest that less than 15% of women in many Sub-Saharan African countries had C-section delivery. Maternal education (OR 4.12; CI 3.75, 4.51), wealth index (OR 2.05; CI 1.94, 2.17), paternal education (OR 1.71; CI 1.57, 1.86), and place of residence (OR 1.51; CI 1.44, 1.58) were significantly associated with the utilization of C-section delivery. These results were also consistent in sub-regional meta-analyses. The meta-regression suggests that the total percentage of births attended by skilled health staff (TPBASHS) has a significant inverse association with C-section utilization regarding educational attainment (respondent & husband), place of residence, and wealth index. The data structure was restricted to define the distinction between elective and emergency c-sections. It is essential to provide an appropriate lifesaving mechanism, such as C-section delivery opportunities, through proper facilities for rural, uneducated, impoverished Sub-Saharan African women to minimize both maternal and infant mortality

Multiple verification in computational modeling of bone pathologies

We introduce a model checking approach to diagnose the emerging of bone pathologies. The implementation of a new model of bone remodeling in PRISM has led to an interesting characterization of osteoporosis as a defective bone remodeling dynamics with respect to other bone pathologies. Our approach allows to derive three types of model checking-based diagnostic estimators. The first diagnostic measure focuses on the level of bone mineral density, which is currently used in medical practice. In addition, we have introduced a novel diagnostic estimator which uses the full patient clinical record, here simulated using the modeling framework. This estimator detects rapid (months) negative changes in bone mineral density. Independently of the actual bone mineral density, when the decrease occurs rapidly it is important to alarm the patient and monitor him/her more closely to detect insurgence of other bone co-morbidities. A third estimator takes into account the variance of the bone density, which could address the investigation of metabolic syndromes, diabetes and cancer. Our implementation could make use of different logical combinations of these statistical estimators and could incorporate other biomarkers for other systemic co-morbidities (for example diabetes and thalassemia). We are delighted to report that the combination of stochastic modeling with formal methods motivate new diagnostic framework for complex pathologies. In particular our approach takes into consideration important properties of biosystems such as multiscale and self-adaptiveness. The multi-diagnosis could be further expanded, inching towards the complexity of human diseases. Finally, we briefly introduce self-adaptiveness in formal methods which is a key property in the regulative mechanisms of biological systems and well known in other mathematical and engineering areas.Comment: In Proceedings CompMod 2011, arXiv:1109.104