Comparative phylogeography in the Atlantic forest and Brazilian savannas: pleistocene fluctuations and dispersal shape spatial patterns in two bumblebees

Background: Bombus morio and B. pauloensis are sympatric widespread bumblebee species that occupy two major Brazilian biomes, the Atlantic forest and the savannas of the Cerrado. Differences in dispersion capacity, which is greater in B. morio, likely influence their phylogeographic patterns. This study asks which processes best explain the patterns of genetic variation observed in B. morio and B. pauloensis, shedding light on the phenomena that shaped the range of local populations and the spatial distribution of intra-specific lineages. Results: Results suggest that Pleistocene climatic oscillations directly influenced the population structure of both species. Correlative species distribution models predict that the warmer conditions of the Last Interglacial contributed to population contraction, while demographic expansion happened during the Last Glacial Maximum. These results are consistent with physiological data suggesting that bumblebees are well adapted to colder conditions. Intra-specific mitochondrial genealogies are not congruent between the two species, which may be explained by their documented differences in dispersal ability. Conclusions: While populations of the high-dispersal B. morio are morphologically and genetically homogeneous across the species range, B. pauloensis encompasses multiple (three) mitochondrial lineages, and show clear genetic, geographic, and morphological differences. Because the lineages of B. pauloensis are currently exposed to distinct climatic conditions (and elevations), parapatric diversification may occur within this taxon. The eastern portion of the state of São Paulo, the most urbanized area in Brazil, represents the center of genetic diversity for B. pauloensis

Kooperative Problemlöseprozesse zum Thema Säure-Base

Sumfleth E, Rumann S, Buttler N, Wild E, Exeler J, Gerber J. Kooperative Problemlöseprozesse zum Thema Säure-Base. In: Brechel R, ed. Zur Didaktik der Chemie und Physik. Alsbach: Leuchtturmverlag; 2002: 215-217

Parental origin of the extra haploid chromosome set in triploidies diagnosed prenatally.

The parental origin of the additional chromosome complement in a total of 17 cases of triploidy was determined mainly using highly polymorphic microsatellites. Maternal origin of the triploidy was demonstrated in most cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic evaluation of the parental origin of chromosome sets in fetuses who survived until a cytogenetic diagnosis was established. In contrast to previous investigations this study documented a predominance of maternal origin of the extra haploid set mainly due to longer survival time for digynic triploidies. The concept of 2 distinct fetal phenotypes in triploidy is clearly supported by this study. (C) 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc

The leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, is more sensitive to N-cyanoamidine neonicotinoid and butenolide insecticides than other managed bees

This is the author accepted manuscriptSupplementary information is available for this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1011-2Recent research has shown that severalmanaged bee species have specific P450 enzymes that are preadapted to confer intrinsic tolerance to some insecticides including certain neonicotinoids. However, the universality of this finding across managed bee pollinators is unclear. Here we show that the leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, lacks such P450s, and is >2500-fold more sensitive to the neonicotinoid thiacloprid and 170-fold more sensitive to the butenolide flupyradifurone than other managed bee pollinators. These findings have significant implications for the safe use of insecticides in crops where M. rotundatais used for pollination, and ensuring regulatory pesticide risk assessment frameworks are protective of this species.Bayer Cropscience S

Zum Einfluss von kooperativem Arbeiten auf Interesse und Kognition im Chemieunterricht

Sumfleth E, Rumann S, Butler N, Wild E, Gerber J, Exeler J. Zum Einfluss von kooperativem Arbeiten auf Interesse und Kognition im Chemieunterricht. In: Bayrhuber H, Gelhaar K-H, Harms U, et al., eds. Biowissenschaften in Schule und Öffentlichkeit. Kiel: IPN; 2001: 195-198