Dealing with a Missing Sensor in a Multilabel and Multimodal Automatic Affective States Recognition System

Data from multiple sensors can boost the automatic recognition of multiple affective states in a multilabel and multimodal recognition system. At any time, the streaming from any of the contributing sensors can be missing. This work proposes a method for dealing with a missing sensor in a multilabel and multimodal automatic affective states recognition system. The proposed method, called Hot Deck using Conditional Probability Tables (HD-CPT), is incorporated into a multimodal affective state recognition system for compensating the loss of a sensor using the recorded historical information of the sensor and its interaction with the other available sensors. In this work, we consider a multilabel classifier, named Circular Classifier Chain, for the automatic recognition of four states: tiredness, anxiety, pain, and engagement; combined with a multimodal classifier based on three sensors: fingers pressure, hand movements, and facial expressions; which was adapted for coping with the problem of a missing sensor in a virtual rehabilitation platform for post-stroke patients. A dataset of five post-stroke patients who attended ten longitudinal rehabilitation sessions was used for the evaluation. The inclusion of HD-CPT compensated for the loss of one sensor with results above those obtained with only the remaining sensors available. HD-CPT prevents the system from collapsing when a sensor fails, providing continuity of operation with results that attenuate the loss of the sensor. The proposed method HD-CPT can provide robustness for the naturalistic everyday use of an affective states recognition system

Estratigrafía y estructura de los Andes Centrales Argentinos entre los 30º y 31º de Latitud Sur

In a cross-section through the Argentine central Andes, two large groups of rocks can be distinguished: a Gondwanic (F'aleozoic) basement, and an Andean cover. The basement is constituted by manne sedimentary units, intruded by Upper Paleozoic granitoid rocks. The most important Gondwanic structures, are East verging thrust and related folds. The Andean cover has a volcanic and volcanoclastic origin with some interbedded continental sedimentary rocks. The lower Permo-Tnassic unit (Choiyoi Group) is linked to an extensional tectonic event, and a Neogene sequence is connected to a compressional tectonic event that produced the inversion of the previous extensional features. The amount of Andean shortening calculated fiom cross sections is of about 10%. Most of the shortening in the Andean Cordillera was transferred to the Precordillera through the detachment fault. The up-lift of the Pampeanas area is linked with a new lower detachment fault

Ethnographies of the Fairs of Açor Chestnut and Soalheira Cheese

[Resumen] El presente artículo supone la conclusión de una investigación antropológica más amplia que se ha realizado los últimos cuatro años (2014-2017) sobre diversas fiestas del Municipio de Fundão (Portugal), concretamente sobre la fiestas de los Cencerros (“Chocalhos”) de Alpedrinha (2014); la Fiesta de la Cereza (“Festa da Cereja”) de Alcongosta (2015); el Festival de los Níscaros (“Festival dos Miscaros ”) de Alcaide (2016) -etnografías ya publicadas-; a las que ahora viene a sumarse para completar el ciclo festivo, el estudio de la Feria del Queso (“Feira do Queijo”) de Soalheira (2017) y la Fiesta de las castañas” de la Maúnça en Açor (2017). El objetivo de la etapa final de tal investigación también ha sido además del de completar el mencionado calendario con el estudio de una de las celebraciones más antiguas y quizá la más genuina (Açor), el de aportar una reflexión final sobre la importancia de estos nuevos rituales en la actualidad realizando un análisis de su estructura, de su evolución y una prospectiva sobre su posible futuro. Ya hemos comprobado cómo estas fiestas, que no son del calendario tradicional religioso, están orientadas al incremento del consumo y el comercio de productos rurales autóctonos de calidad, así como a fomentar el turismo y una identidad positiva para los aldeanos. Y también conocemos que este nuevo ciclo festivo es intencionadamente fomentado por las autoridades municipales. En el artículo se retoman, ya al completo, sus orígenes, sus semejanzas y diferencias, y se ensaya poner de manifiesto las oposiciones del código simbólico estructural de las mismas[Abstract] This article supposes the conclusion of a more extensive anthropological investigation that has been realized in the last four years (2014-2017) on diverse festivals of the Municipality of Fundão (Portugal), concretely on the parties of the "Rattles" of Alpedrinha (2014) ; the "Festival of the cherry" of Alcongosta (2015); the "Mushroom Festival" of Alcaide (2016); and the "the chestnuts festival" of the Maunça in Açor (2017), and now being added to complete the festive cycle, the study of the Cheese Fair in Soalheira. The objective of the final stage of such research has also been to complete the mentioned calendar with the study of one of the oldest and perhaps the most genuine (Açor) celebrations, to provide a final reflection on the importance of these new rituals currently performing an analysis of its structure, its evolution and a prospective about its possible future. We have already seen how these holidays, which are not part of the traditional religious calendar, are aimed at increasing the consumption and trade of quality rural native products, as well as promoting tourism and a positive identity for villagers. And we also know that this new festive cycle is intentionally encouraged by the municipal authorities. This article goes back to its origins, its similarities and differences, and tries to reveal the oppositions of the structural symbolic code of the sam

Estratigrafía y estructura de los Andes Centrales Argentinos entre los 30º y 31º de Latitud Sur

In a cross-section through the Argentine central Andes, two large groups of rocks can be distinguished: a Gondwanic (F'aleozoic) basement, and an Andean cover. The basement is constituted by manne sedimentary units, intruded by Upper Paleozoic granitoid rocks. The most important Gondwanic structures, are East verging thrust and related folds. The Andean cover has a volcanic and volcanoclastic origin with some interbedded continental sedimentary rocks. The lower Permo-Tnassic unit (Choiyoi Group) is linked to an extensional tectonic event, and a Neogene sequence is connected to a compressional tectonic event that produced the inversion of the previous extensional features. The amount of Andean shortening calculated fiom cross sections is of about 10%. Most of the shortening in the Andean Cordillera was transferred to the Precordillera through the detachment fault. The up-lift of the Pampeanas area is linked with a new lower detachment fault

Efficiency Evaluation of Fully Integrated On-board EV Battery Chargers with Nine-Phase Machines

A fully integrated on-board battery charger for future electric vehicles (EVs) has been recently introduced. It re-utilizes all the propulsion components of an EV in charging/vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes, it does not require any additional components or hardware reconfiguration, and charging/V2G modes are realized with zero electromagnetic torque production. Both fast (three-phase) and slow (single-phase) charging are possible, with unity power factor operation at the grid side. The solution is based on the use of a triple three-phase machine and a nine-phase inverter/rectifier. This paper reports on the results of efficiency evaluation for the said system. Testing is performed using both a nine-phase induction machine and a nine-phase permanent magnet (PM) machine for a range of operating conditions in charging/V2G modes, with both three-phase and single-phase grid connection. Additionally, the impact of converter interleaving on the losses and efficiency is also studied. Losses are separated for different subsystems, thus providing an insight into the importance of optimization of different EV power train components from the efficiency point of view. Promising efficiencies, in the order of 90%, are achieved although none of the system components have been optimized

An Integrated On-Board Battery Charger with a Nine-Phase PM Machine

A fully integrated on-board battery charger for electrical vehicles (EVs) has been developed recently using a nine-phase machine. All the components used for propulsion are employed in the charging process, no additional components are required, and there is no need for hardware reconfiguration between charging and propulsion modes of operation. The proposed solution can be connected directly to single-phase or three-phase grid to perform charging, so that the expensive off-board charger infrastructure is not needed. The only requirement is to use a nine-phase machine in combination with a nine-phase inverter in the powertrain of the EV. This however inevitably brings in further advantages in the propulsion mode, such as increased fault tolerance and the current subdivision into more phases. The benefits of the topology, originally developed for an induction machine, make it interesting for further investigation. Therefore, the performance of the charger is examined here using a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). The results show that the charger topology is applicable to other types of synchronous machines and is, even more importantly, independent of the angular spatial shift between the individual three-phase windings of the nine-phase machine’s stator. The results are comparable with those obtained using an induction machine and confirm the viability of the solution in conjunction with the PMSM as a propulsion motor

Detecting affective states in virtual rehabilitation

Virtual rehabilitation supports motor training following stroke by means of tailored virtual environments. To optimize therapy outcome, virtual rehabilitation systems automatically adapt to the different patients' changing needs. Adaptation decisions should ideally be guided by both the observable performance and the hidden mind state of the user. We hypothesize that some affective aspects can be inferred from observable metrics. Here we present preliminary results of a classification exercise to decide on 4 states; tiredness, tension, pain and satisfaction. Descriptors of 3D hand movement and finger pressure were collected from 2 post-stroke participants while they practice on a virtual rehabilitation platform. Linear Support Vector Machine models were learnt to unfold a predictive relation between observation and the affective states considered. Initial results are promising (ROC Area under the curve (mean±std): 0.713 ± 0.137). Confirmation of these opens the door to incorporate surrogates of mind state into the algorithm deciding on therapy adaptation

Unobtrusive inference of affective states in virtual rehabilitation from upper limb motions: a feasibility study

Virtual rehabilitation environments may afford greater patient personalization if they could harness the patient's affective state. Four states: anxiety, pain, engagement and tiredness (either physical or psychological), were hypothesized to be inferable from observable metrics of hand location and gripping strength -relevant for rehabilitation-. Contributions are; (a) multiresolution classifier built from Semi-Naïve Bayesian classifiers, and (b) establishing predictive relations for the considered states from the motor proxies capitalizing on the proposed classifier with recognition levels sufficient for exploitation. 3D hand locations and gripping strength streams were recorded from 5 post-stroke patients whilst undergoing motor rehabilitation therapy administered through virtual rehabilitation along 10 sessions over 4 weeks. Features from the streams characterized the motor dynamics, while spontaneous manifestations of the states were labelled from concomitant videos by experts for supervised classification. The new classifier was compared against baseline support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) with all three exhibiting comparable performances. Inference of the aforementioned states departing from chosen motor surrogates appears feasible, expediting increased personalization of virtual motor neurorehabilitation therapies