48 research outputs found

    Modeling Ferro- and Antiferromagnetic Interactions in Metal-Organic Coordination Networks

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    Magnetization curves of two rectangular metal-organic coordination networks formed by the organic ligand TCNQ (7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) and two different (Mn and Ni) 3d transition metal atoms [M(3d)] show marked differences that are explained using first principles density functional theory and model calculations. We find that the existence of a weakly dispersive hybrid band with M(3d) and TCNQ character crossing the Fermi level is determinant for the appearance of ferromagnetic coupling between metal centers, as it is the case of the metallic system Ni-TCNQ but not of the insulating system Mn-TCNQ. The spin magnetic moment localized at the Ni atoms induces a significant spin polarization in the organic molecule; the corresponding spin density being delocalized along the whole system. The exchange interaction between localized spins at Ni centers and the itinerant spin density is ferromagnetic. Based on two different model Hamiltonians, we estimate the strength of exchange couplings between magnetic atoms for both Ni- and Mn-TCNQ networks that results in weak ferromagnetic and very weak antiferromagnetic correlations for Ni- and Mn-TCNQ networks, respectively.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication; Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2014

    Thermocatalytic and Semiconductor Sensors for Monitoring Gas Mixtures

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    Today in the world, special attention is paid to the creation of express and inexpensive chemical sensors for reliable and unambiguous control of leaks and accumulations of natural gas. Analysis of the development of gas sensors in industrially developed countries has shown that the use of thermocatalytic and semiconductor sensors is the most promising for preventing explosion. The composition of the catalyst of the measuring and compensating sensing element of the methane sensor is established in the work. Using a technique to ensure selectivity with the use of the above catalysts, a thermocatalytic sensor was manufactured for the selective determination of methane in the presence of carbon monoxide and hydrogen

    Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… фосфонопСптидомімСтиків Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π½Π° Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΉ стан сСрця

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    The article presents the synthesis of new phosphorylated peptidomimetics, and the biological activity of the compounds synthesized has been assessed for the fi rst time on the experimental animals – male rats. On the basisΒ of a diethyl ester of 1-benzoylamino-2,2,2-trihloroethylphosphonic acids a novel derivative of 1,3-oxazol-4-phosphonic acid diethyl ester containing the residue of methylaminoethan-1-ol in position 5 of the oxazole ring hasΒ been synthesized. The optimal conditions for cleavage of the 1,3-oxazole ring in the acidic medium with formation of phosphorylated peptidomimetics have been found. Thus, when treating it with 85 % aqueous trifl uoroacetic acid a diethyl ester of {benzoylamino[(2-ydroxyethyl)carbamoyl]methyl} phosphonic acid has been obtained, and Β the action of hydrogen chloride under anhydrous conditions gives a diethyl ester of {benzoylamino[(2-chloroethyl) carbamoyl]methyl} phosphonic acid. The method developed is very convenient and preparative because reactionsΒ proceed in mild conditions without formation of undesirable by-products. Moreover, peptidomimetics are isolatedΒ with high yields, and their isolation does not require chromatography. Monitoring of different functional parametersΒ of cardiac hemodynamics was performed in rats in vivo using a microcatheter and the Millar Pressure-VolumeΒ System. The study of the effect of the compounds obtained on the cardiac output has shown that their intraperitoneal introduction results in the heart rate decrease and stimulation of the contractile activity of the myocardium.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ синтСз Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… фосфорилированных ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° биологичСской активности синтСзированных соСдинСний Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… – крысах-самцах. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π½Π° основС диэтилового эфира 1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ-2,2,2-трихлорэтилфосфоновой кислоты синтСзировано Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ диэтилового эфира 2-Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»-1,3-оксазол-4-илфосфоновой кислоты, содСрТащСС Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 5 оксазольного ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π° остаток мСтиламиноэтан-1-ΠΎΠ»Π°. НайдСны ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅Β ΡƒΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ расщСплСния 1,3-оксазольного Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π² кислой срСдС с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ фосфорилированных ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ 85% Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ трифторуксусной кислотой Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ диэтиловый эфир {Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[(2-идроксиэтил)ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»]ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»}фосфоновой кислоты, Π° дСйствиС хлористого Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Π±Π΅Π·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… условиях Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ диэтиловый эфир {Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎ[(2-хлорэтил)ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΈΠ»]ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»}фосфоновой кислоты. Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ синтСза являСтся ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ происходит Π² мягких условиях, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ образования ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ с высокими Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· примСнСния хроматографичСских ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊ. РСгистрация Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Ρƒ крыс in vivo с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° ΠΈ Millar Pressure-Volume System. ИсслСдованиС влияния ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний Π½Π° Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ состояниС сСрдца ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΡ… Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ крысам Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΡŽΡˆΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ сниТСнию частоты сСрдСчных сокращСний ΠΈ ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΠΈΒ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ активности ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π°.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ синтСз Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΠΎΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π², Ρ‚Π° Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠ° Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності синтСзованих сполук Π½Π° Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ… – Ρ‰ΡƒΡ€Π°Ρ…-самцях. На основі Π΄Ρ–Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ СстСру 1-Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡ—Π»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎ-2,2,2-трихлороСтилфосфонової кислоти синтСзовано Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½Π΅Β Π΄Ρ–Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ СстСру 2-Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»-1,3-оксазол-4-ілфосфонової кислоти, Ρ‰ΠΎ ΠΌΡ–ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ– 5 оксазольного ΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΡ†Ρ залишок ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π½-1-ΠΎΠ»Ρƒ. Π—Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ– ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΈ розкриття 1,3-оксазольного Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρƒ Π² кислому сСрСдовищі Π· утворСнням Ρ„ΠΎΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π². Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Ρ†Ρ– ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ 85% водною Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΎΡ†Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡŽ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡŽ Π±ΡƒΠ² ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Ρ–Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ СстСр {Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡ—Π»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎ[(2-гідроксіСтил) ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ—Π»]ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»}фосфонової кислоти, Π° дія хлористого водню Π² Π±Π΅Π·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ… ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ… Π΄Π°Ρ” Π΄Ρ–Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ  СстСр {Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡ—Π»Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎ[(2-Ρ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»)ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ—Π»]ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»}фосфонової кислоти. Π ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ синтСзу Ρ” Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠΊΡ–Π»ΡŒΠΊΠΈ пСрСтворСння ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ м’яких ΡƒΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ…, Ρ‰ΠΎ дозволяє уникнути утворСння ΠΏΠΎΠ±Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ–Π². ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ Ρ†ΡŒΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ–ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ– Π· високими Π²ΠΈΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· застосування Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊ. РСєстрація Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ–Π² ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Ρ–ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΠΈ проводилася Ρƒ Ρ‰ΡƒΡ€Ρ–Π² in vivo Π·Π° допомогою ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π° Ρ– Millar Pressure-Volume System. ДослідТСння Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρƒ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ… сполук Π½Π° Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΠΉ стан сСрця ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ—Ρ… ввСдСння Ρ‰ΡƒΡ€Π°ΠΌ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Ρ–ΡˆΠ½ΡŒΠΎΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ зниТСння частоти сСрцСвих ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ– стимуляції скоротливої активності ΠΌΡ–ΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄Π°

    CΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Ρ‚Π° вивчСння Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… властивостСй Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… 4-Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… 1,3-оксазолів, які ΠΌΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ– 5 залишок N-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-D-Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠ°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ

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    The analysis of literature data shows the prospects of searching drugs with different biological activity among 1,3-oxazoles. Aim. To develop preparative methods of the synthesis of new 4-fuctionalized 1,3-oxazoles containing the N-methyl-D-glucamine fragment in position 5 and to study their physical, chemical and biological properties. Results and discussion. It has been found that 1,3-oxazoles reveal the vasodilatative and vasoconstrictive effect on the tonic activity of the vessels preactivated with phenylephrine depending on the concentration and the chemical structure of the compounds. The article describes the vasodilatative and vasoconstrictive efficacy of new 1,3-oxazoles compared to the known adrenolytic drug – amiodarone, and the inhibitor of potassium channels – 4-aminopyridine (pimadin).Experimental part. A number of new 4-fuctionalized 1,3-oxazoles containing the N-methyl-D-glucamine fragment in position 5 was synthesized. Their biological activity was assessed under the action of selective agonists of 1-adrenoreceptors (phenylephrine), 5HT2A-receptor (serotonin) on the isolated segments of the rat’s aorta previously constricted or by blocking potassium channels with the high potassium Krebs solution.Conclusions. It has been found that in the case of the serotonin constricted isolated aortic segments only the vasoconstriction is observed in contrast of the vessel activated with phenylephrine. If the constriction of the aortic segments is carried out with a high potassium solution, there is no vasotonic activity of 1,3-oxazole derivatives. The data obtained indicate the possible molecular mechanism of their biological activity with the participation of vascular adrenergic receptors and potassium channels, their inhibition may lead to vasodilatation at the comparatively high concentration of the compounds or vasoconstriction at the comparatively low concentration of oxazoles, respectively. Анализ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ поиска ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ биологичСской Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ срСди 1,3-оксазолов.ЦСлью Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² синтСза Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… 4-Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 1,3-оксазолов, содСрТащих Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 5 Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ N-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-D-глюкамина, ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-химичСских ΠΈ биологичСских свойств.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… обсуТдСниС. ИсслСдования влияния Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 1,3-оксазола Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… фСнилэфрином сосудов выявили ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ вазоконстрикторный эффСкт соСдинСний Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ химичСской структуры. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ характСристики Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ вазоконстрикторной эффСктивности Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ с лСкарствСнными срСдствами Π°Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² 4-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΏΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ).Π­ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ прСдставлСн синтСз Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… 4-Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 1,3-оксазолов, содСрТащих Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ 5 Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ N-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-D-глюкамина ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡ… биологичСской активности ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ дСйствии Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ сокращСнныС ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ сСгмСнты Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ‹ крыс сСлСктивными агонистами Ξ±1-Π°Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² (фСнилэфрином), 5-HT2A-Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² (сСротонином) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ‹ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ раствором ΠšΡ€Π΅Π±ΡΠ°. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² случаС ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сокращСния ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сСгмСнтов Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ‹ сСротонином Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… фСнилэфрином сосудов Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ лишь вазоконстрикторноС дСйствиС, Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ сокращСниС сСгмСнтов Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ раствором ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Π΅Ρ‚ проявлСниС любой вазотоничСской активности Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… 1,3-оксазола. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ молСкулярный ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈΡ… биологичСской активности с участиСм сосудистых Π°Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ сосудов, которая Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ дСйствии ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высоких ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ соСдинСний ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ, Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ дСйствии соСдинСний Π² ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ…, соотвСтствСнно. Аналіз Π»Ρ–Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… ΡΠ²Ρ–Π΄Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡˆΡƒΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π² Π· Ρ€Ρ–Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ–Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡŽ Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŽ сСрСд 1,3-оксазолів.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡŽ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ” Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π² синтСзу Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… 4-Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… 1,3-оксазолів, які ΠΌΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ– 5 Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ N-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-D-Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠ°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ, Ρ‚Π° вивчСння Ρ—Ρ… Ρ„Ρ–Π·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ– Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΡ… властивостСй.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‚Π° Ρ—Ρ… обговорСння. ДослідТСння Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρƒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 1,3-оксазолу Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΡŒΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ судин виявили як Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Ρ– вазоконстрикторний Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ сполук Ρƒ залСТності Π²Ρ–Π΄ Ρ—Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— Ρ‚Π° Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— структури. Π£ статті Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ– характСристики Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΡ— Ρ‚Π° вазоконстрикторної СфСктивності Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… сполук порівняно Π· Π»Ρ–ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΡΡŒΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ засобами Π°Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π° Ρ–Π½Π³Ρ–Π±Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ–Ρ”Π²ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π² 4-Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ–Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ (ΠΏΡ–ΠΌΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ).Π•ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π° частина. Π‘ΡƒΠ² синтСзований ряд Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… 4-Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… 1,3-оксазолів, які ΠΌΡ–ΡΡ‚ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ– 5 Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ N-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-D-Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠ°ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Ρ‚Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π½ΠΊΠ° Ρ—Ρ… Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Ρ–Ρ— Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΡŒΠΎ скорочСні Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ– сСгмСнти Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‰ΡƒΡ€Ρ–Π² сСлСктивними агоністами Ξ±1-Π°Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² (Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ), 5-HT2A-Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² (сСротоніном) Π°Π±ΠΎ ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ–Ρ”Π²ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π² Π³Ρ–ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ–Ρ”Π²ΠΈΠΌ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠšΡ€Π΅Π±ΡΠ°.Висновки. ВстановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρƒ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½ΡŒΠΎΠ³ΠΎ скорочСння Ρ–Π·ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… сСгмСнтів Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈ сСротоніном Π½Π° Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΌΡ–Π½Ρƒ Π²Ρ–Π΄ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π΅Π½Ρ–Π»Π΅Ρ„Ρ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ судин ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π³Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ лишС вазоконстрикторна дія, Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π½Ρ” скорочСння сСгмСнтів Π°ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚ΠΈ Π³Ρ–ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ–Ρ”Π²ΠΈΠΌ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ±Ρ–Π³Π°Ρ” вияву Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡŒ-якої Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… 1,3-оксазолу. ΠžΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ– Π΄Π°Π½Ρ– Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΉ молСкулярний ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½Ρ–Π·ΠΌ Ρ—Ρ… Π±Ρ–ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності Π·Π° участі судинних Π°Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π² Ρ‚Π° ΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ–Ρ”Π²ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ–Π², інгібування яких ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ опосСрСдковувати Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΡŽ, яка ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ–Π³Π°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Ρ–Ρ— порівняно Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ високих ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–ΠΉ сполук Π°Π±ΠΎ Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΡŽ, виявлСну ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Ρ–Ρ— сполук Ρƒ порівняно Π±Ρ–Π»ΡŒΡˆ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡŒΠΊΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ…, Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎ

    Physical inactivity in nine European and Central Asian countries: an analysis of national population-based survey results

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    Background Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. However, recent and systematically obtained national-level data to guide policy responses are often lacking, especially in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. This article describes physical inactivity patterns among adults in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan. Methods Data were collected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire drawing nationally representative samples of adults in each country. The national prevalence of physical inactivity was calculated as well as the proportional contribution to total physical activity (PA) during work, transport and leisure-time. An adjusted logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association of age, gender, education, household status and income with physical inactivity. Results National prevalence of physical inactivity ranged from 10.1% to 43.6%. The highest proportion of PA was registered during work or in the household in most countries, whereas the lowest was during leisure-time in all countries. Physical inactivity was more likely with older age in eight countries, with female gender in three countries, and with living alone in three countries. There was no clear pattern of association with education and income. Conclusion Prevalence of physical inactivity is heterogeneous across the region. PA during leisure-time contributes minimally to total PA in all countries. Policies and programs that increase opportunities for active travel and leisure-time PA, especially for older adults, women and people living alone will be an essential part of strategies to increase overall population PA.The authors gratefully acknowledge support from a grant from the Government of the Russian Federation in the context of the WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of NCDs

    Fine-tuning the electrostatic properties of an alkali-linked organic adlayer on a metal substrate

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    The performance of modern organic electronic devices is often determined by the electronic level alignment at a metal–organic interface. This property can be controlled by introducing an interfacial electrostatic dipole via the insertion of a stable interlayer between the metallic and the organic phases. Here, we use density functional theory to investigate the electrostatic properties of an assembled structure formed by alkali metals coadsorbed with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) molecules on a Ag(100) substrate. We find that the interfacial dipole buildup is regulated by the interplay of adsorption energetics, steric constraints and charge transfer effects, so that choosing chemical substitutions within TCNQ and different alkali metals provides a rich playground to control the systems’ electrostatics and in particular fine-tune its work-function shift

    Kinetic control of molecular assembly on surfaces

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    It is usually assumed that molecules deposited on surfaces assume the most thermodynamically stable structure. Here we show, by considering a model system of dihydroxybenzoic acid molecules on the (10.4) surface of calcite, that metastable molecular architectures may also be accessed by choosing a suitable initial state of the molecules which defines the observed transformation path. Moreover, we demonstrate that the latter is entirely controlled by kinetics rather than thermodynamics. We argue that molecules are deposited as dimers that undergo, upon increase of temperature, a series of structural transitions from clusters to ordered striped and then dense networks, and finally to a disordered structure. Combining high-resolution dynamic atomic force microscopy experiments and density-functional theory calculations, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental principles driving this sequence of transitions. Our study may open new avenues based on kinetic control as a promising strategy for achieving tailored molecular architectures on surfaces

    Grand Challenges in global eye health: a global prioritisation process using Delphi method

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    Background: We undertook a Grand Challenges in Global Eye Health prioritisation exercise to identify the key issues that must be addressed to improve eye health in the context of an ageing population, to eliminate persistent inequities in health-care access, and to mitigate widespread resource limitations. Methods: Drawing on methods used in previous Grand Challenges studies, we used a multi-step recruitment strategy to assemble a diverse panel of individuals from a range of disciplines relevant to global eye health from all regions globally to participate in a three-round, online, Delphi-like, prioritisation process to nominate and rank challenges in global eye health. Through this process, we developed both global and regional priority lists. Findings: Between Sept 1 and Dec 12, 2019, 470 individuals complete round 1 of the process, of whom 336 completed all three rounds (round 2 between Feb 26 and March 18, 2020, and round 3 between April 2 and April 25, 2020) 156 (46%) of 336 were women, 180 (54%) were men. The proportion of participants who worked in each region ranged from 104 (31%) in sub-Saharan Africa to 21 (6%) in central Europe, eastern Europe, and in central Asia. Of 85 unique challenges identified after round 1, 16 challenges were prioritised at the global level; six focused on detection and treatment of conditions (cataract, refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, services for children and screening for early detection), two focused on addressing shortages in human resource capacity, five on other health service and policy factors (including strengthening policies, integration, health information systems, and budget allocation), and three on improving access to care and promoting equity. Interpretation: This list of Grand Challenges serves as a starting point for immediate action by funders to guide investment in research and innovation in eye health. It challenges researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to build collaborations to address specific challenges. Funding: The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust, Moorfields Eye Charity, National Institute for Health Research Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust, Sightsavers, The Fred Hollows Foundation, The Seva Foundation, British Council for the Prevention of Blindness, and Christian Blind Mission. Translations: For the French, Spanish, Chinese, Portuguese, Arabic and Persian translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

    Grand Challenges in global eye health: a global prioritisation process using Delphi method

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    Background We undertook a Grand Challenges in Global Eye Health prioritisation exercise to identify the key issues that must be addressed to improve eye health in the context of an ageing population, to eliminate persistent inequities in health-care access, and to mitigate widespread resource limitations. Methods Drawing on methods used in previous Grand Challenges studies, we used a multi-step recruitment strategy to assemble a diverse panel of individuals from a range of disciplines relevant to global eye health from all regions globally to participate in a three-round, online, Delphi-like, prioritisation process to nominate and rank challenges in global eye health. Through this process, we developed both global and regional priority lists. Findings Between Sept 1 and Dec 12, 2019, 470 individuals complete round 1 of the process, of whom 336 completed all three rounds (round 2 between Feb 26 and March 18, 2020, and round 3 between April 2 and April 25, 2020) 156 (46%) of 336 were women, 180 (54%) were men. The proportion of participants who worked in each region ranged from 104 (31%) in sub-Saharan Africa to 21 (6%) in central Europe, eastern Europe, and in central Asia. Of 85 unique challenges identified after round 1, 16 challenges were prioritised at the global level; six focused on detection and treatment of conditions (cataract, refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, services for children and screening for early detection), two focused on addressing shortages in human resource capacity, five on other health service and policy factors (including strengthening policies, integration, health information systems, and budget allocation), and three on improving access to care and promoting equity. Interpretation This list of Grand Challenges serves as a starting point for immediate action by funders to guide investment in research and innovation in eye health. It challenges researchers, clinicians, and policy makers to build collaborations to address specific challenge

    DEVELOPMENT OF A PACKAGE OF MATERIALS FOR WOMEN'S UNIFORM POWER STRUCTURES

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    Analysis of the situation in the field of designing clothing for special departments has shown a lot of research and inventions to protect against harmful factors by the Special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
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