Effect of the Addition of Soy Protein (Glycine Max Merryl) on the Composition of Cooked Ham

The present study aimed to assess the bromatological composition when soy protein was added in the preparation of cooked ham. An experimental approach was used. There were three treatments in which 2.50% (T1), 5.00% (T2) and 7.50% (T3) soy protein was added; these were compared to a control treatment (T0). A randomized design was applied and means were analyzed according to Tukey at 5%. The following laboratory tests were carried out in the ham finished product: bromatological analysis, microbiological analysis and sensory analysis. The results obtained were as follows: fiber: 2.27%; humidity: 63.53%; fat: 7.47%; protein: 20.23%; ash: 1.83%; and carbohydrates: 4.68%. Significant differences were found between the addition of 7.50% of soy protein compared to the 0% control treatment. It can be concluded from the results that the addition of soy protein to ham increases the content of fiber, fat, protein, ash and carbohydrates, and the best treatment without affecting the characteristics of the finished product is the addition of 7.50% soy protein. Keywords: meat products, ham, soy protein. RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo adicionar proteína de soya en la elaboración de jamón cocido y valorar la composición bromatológica. El método utilizado en la investigación es experimental manejando tres tratamientos en los cuales se añadió proteína de soya en 2,50 (T1), 5,00 (T2) y 7,50 (T3)%, que se los comparó a un tratamiento control (T0), se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar y separación de medias según Tukey al 5%, en el jamón como producto terminado, se realizaron las siguientes pruebas de laboratorio; análisis bromatológico, análisis sensorial.  Los resultados obtenidos de fibra (2,27%), humedad (63,53%), grasa (7,47%), proteína (20,23%), ceniza (1,83%) y carbohidratos (4,68%), se encontró diferencias significativas entre la adición de 7,50% de proteína de soya frente al tratamiento control 0%. Con los resultados se puede aludir que las formulaciones de jamón con adición de proteína de soya, aumenta los contenido de fibra, grasa, proteína, ceniza y carbohidratos  en relación a un tratamiento control, se puede establecer  que el mejor tratamiento es con la adición del 7,50% de proteína de soya sin que afecte las características del producto terminado Palabras claves: productos cárnicos, jamón, proteína de soya

Estimating and mapping the incidence of dengue and chikungunya in Honduras during 2015 using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Summary: Geographical information systems (GIS) use for development of epidemiological maps in dengue has been extensively used, however not in other emerging arboviral diseases, nor in Central America. Surveillance cases data (2015) were used to estimate annual incidence rates of dengue and chikungunya (cases/100,000 pop) to develop the first maps in the departments and municipalities of Honduras. The GIS software used was Kosmo Desktop 3.0RC1®. Four thematic maps were developed according departments, municipalities, diseases incidence rates. A total of 19,289 cases of dengue and 85,386 of chikungunya were reported (median, 726 cases/week for dengue and 1460 for chikungunya). Highest peaks were observed at weeks 25th and 27th, respectively. There was association between progression by weeks (p 37%, both). Use of GIS-based epidemiological maps allow to guide decisions-taking for prevention and control of diseases that still represents significant issues in the region and the country, but also in emerging conditions. Keywords: Dengue, Chikungunya, Arboviruses, Infectious diseases epidemiology, Hondura

Colección Cuadernos Educere Nº 7

1-2721a edició[email protected], [email protected]@[email protected], [email protected]@uniweb.net.co, [email protected]@[email protected], [email protected]@[email protected]@[email protected], [email protected]@[email protected]@hotmail.co

Patients with Crohn's disease have longer post-operative in-hospital stay than patients with colon cancer but no difference in complications' rate

BACKGROUNDRight hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection are used to treat benign conditions like Crohn's disease (CD) and malignant ones like colon cancer (CC).AIMTo investigate differences in pre- and peri-operative factors and their impact on post-operative outcome in patients with CC and CD.METHODSThis is a sub-group analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology's prospective, multi-centre snapshot audit. Adult patients with CC and CD undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocecal resection were included. Primary outcome measure was 30-d post-operative complications. Secondary outcome measures were post-operative length of stay (LOS) at and readmission.RESULTSThree hundred and seventy-five patients with CD and 2,515 patients with CC were included. Patients with CD were younger (median = 37 years for CD and 71 years for CC (P < 0.01), had lower American Society of Anesthesiology score (ASA) grade (P < 0.01) and less comorbidity (P < 0.01), but were more likely to be current smokers (P < 0.01). Patients with CD were more frequently operated on by colorectal surgeons (P < 0.01) and frequently underwent ileocecal resection (P < 0.01) with higher rate of de-functioning/primary stoma construction (P < 0.01). Thirty-day post-operative mortality occurred exclusively in the CC group (66/2515, 2.3%). In multivariate analyses, the risk of post-operative complications was similar in the two groups (OR 0.80, 95%CI: 0.54-1.17; P = 0.25). Patients with CD had a significantly longer LOS (Geometric mean 0.87, 95%CI: 0.79-0.95; P < 0.01). There was no difference in re-admission rates. The audit did not collect data on post-operative enhanced recovery protocols that are implemented in the different participating centers.CONCLUSIONPatients with CD were younger, with lower ASA grade, less comorbidity, operated on by experienced surgeons and underwent less radical resection but had a longer LOS than patients with CC although complication's rate was not different between the two groups

Morichales, cananguchales y otros palmares inundables de Suramérica. Parte II: Colombia, Venezuela, Brasil, Perú, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay y Argentina

El libro está dividido en cuatro partes. En la primera sección se incluye un análisis muy completo sobre el estado del conocimiento, uso y conservación de Mauritia flexuosa en Suramérica. En la segunda parte se consideran varios casos de estudio (11) sobre comunidades de plantas asociadas, demografía, polinizadores, aves y mamíferos relacionados, así como temas de manejo y ecoturismo en palmares de Mauritia flexuosa. La tercera sección incluye aportes de varios países sobre otros palmares, principalmente de Astrocaryum jauari, Butia odorata, B. paraguayensis, Copernicia alba, C. tectorum, Euterpe oleracea, Manicaria saccifera, Mauritiella aculeata y Roystonea oleracea. También se aporta información de 25 especies adicionales de palmas, incluyendo los usos, dinámica de poblaciones, biología reproductiva, florística de humedales asociados y conservación, entre otros aspectos. Por último, en la cuarta parte se dan las conclusiones y recomendaciones para la conservación de los palmares inundables en Suramérica.Bogotá, D. C

The impact of stapling technique and surgeon specialism on anastomotic failure after right?sided colorectal resection: an international multicentre, prospective audit

Aim There is little evidence to support choice of technique and configuration for stapled anastomoses after right hemicolectomy and ileocaecal resection. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stapling technique and anastomotic failure. Method Any unit performing gastrointestinal surgery was invited to contribute data on consecutive adult patients undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocolic resection to this prospective, observational, international, multicentre study. Patients undergoing stapled, side?to?side ileocolic anastomoses were identified and multilevel, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors associated with anastomotic leak. Results One thousand three hundred and forty?seven patients were included from 200 centres in 32 countries. The overall anastomotic leak rate was 8.3%. Upon multivariate analysis there was no difference in leak rate with use of a cutting stapler for apical closure compared with a noncutting stapler (8.4% vs 8.0%, OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.54–1.53, P = 0.72). Oversewing of the apical staple line, whether in the cutting group (7.9% vs 9.7%, OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.52–1.46, P = 0.60) or noncutting group (8.9% vs 5.7%, OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.46–4.23, P = 0.55) also conferred no benefit in terms of reducing leak rates. Surgeons reporting to be general surgeons had a significantly higher leak rate than those reporting to be colorectal surgeons (12.1% vs 7.3%, OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.04–2.64, P = 0.04). Conclusion This study did not identify any difference in anastomotic leak rates according to the type of stapling device used to close the apical aspect. In addition, oversewing of the anastomotic staple lines appears to confer no benefit in terms of reducing leak rates. Although general surgeons operated on patients with more high?risk characteristics than colorectal surgeons, a higher leak rate for general surgeons which remained after risk adjustment needs further exploration