Éducation interculturelle et pédagogie spécialisée: tensions et ambiguïtés des discours sur la différence

Les rapports entre les deux approches de l’hétérogénéité des apprenants que sont l’éducation interculturelle et la pédagogie spécialisée sont complexes et ambigus. Très proches, trop peut-être, elles cherchent à se différencier l’une de l’autre, en particulier pour l’éducation interculturelle qui craint l’amalgame entre migration et handicap. Notre contribution fait le pari de dépasser ce tabou pour analyser les convergences et divergences de leurs discours sur la différence, en les situant dans le contexte de politique scolaire actuel qui montre une sensibilité nouvelle à la question de l’hétérogénéité. Le modèle du carré dialectique de la différence culturelle (Ogay & Edelmann, 2011) permet d’analyser la tension entre égalité et diversité qu’implique la prise en compte de la différence, tension qu’il est nécessaire de penser si l’on veut éviter des discours et des pratiques contradictoires, peu à même de répondre aux défis de l’hétérogénéité dans l’éducation.Intercultural education and special education are both fields attending to learners’ diversity. Their relations can be described as complex and ambiguous. Very close, perhaps too close, they try to differentiate themselves from one another, especially in the case of intercultural education which fears the equating of migration with handicap. Our contribution takes the challenge to break the taboo and analyze the convergences and divergences among their discourses on difference, which are situated in the present context of school politics reflecting a new sensitivity to diversity. The model of the dialectical square of cultural difference (Ogay & Edelmann, 2011) makes it possible to analyze the tension between equality and diversity provoked by the consideration of difference. This tension must be considered if we want to avoid contradictory discourses and practices, which make it difficult to meet the challenges of diversity in education.Die Beziehungen zwischen den Herangehensweisen der interkulturellen Erziehung und der Sonderpädagogik an die Heterogenität der Lernenden sind komplex und mehrdeutig. Sie liegen nahe oder sogar zu nahe beieinander und versuchen, sich trotzdem zu unterscheiden; dies gilt insbesondere für die interkulturelle Erziehung, die die Vermischung zwischen Migration und Behinderung vermeiden möchte. Unser Beitrag bricht mit diesem Tabu und analysiert die Konvergenzen und Divergenzen in beiden Diskursen zur Verschiedenheit. Dazu werden diese in den Kontext der aktuellen Schulpolitik eingeordnet, die gegenüber der Heterogenitätsfrage eine neue Wahrnehmungssensibilität zeigt. Das Modell der Dialektik der Differenz im Wertequadrat (Ogay & Edelmann, 2011) ermöglicht es, die Spannung zwischen Gleichheit und Verschiedenheit zu analysieren, die durch das Berücksichtigen der Verschiedenheit entsteht. Diese Spannung gilt es zu bedenken, um widersprüchliche Diskurse und Praktiken zu verhindern, weil diese es schwierig machen, den Herausforderungen gewachsen zu sein, die sich durch die Heterogenität für die Erziehung ergeben.I rapporti esistenti tra i due approcci educativi che riguardono all’eterogeneità degli allievi, ossia l’educazione interculturale e la pedagogia speciale, sono complessi e ambigui. Molto vicini, forse anche troppo, questi due approcci cercano di differenziarsi, soprattutto l’educazione interculturale che teme la confusione tra migrazione e handicap. Il nostro contributo vuole oltrepassare questo tabù e analizzare le convergenze e divergenze nei loro discorsi sulla differenza, situandole nell’attuale contesto della politica scolastica che mostra una nuova sensibilità rispetto al tema dell’eterogeneità. Il modello del quadrato dialettico della differenza culturale (Ogay & Edelmann, 2011) permette d’analizzare la tensione tra eguaglianza e diversità che implica la considerazione della differenza, una tensione alla quale bisogna pensare per evitare discorsi e pratiche contraddittorie che non rispondono ai bisogni dell’eterogeneità in educazione

Interkulturelle Erziehung und Sonderpädagogik: Spannungen und Ungewissheiten in den Diskursen zur Differenz

Les rapports entre les deux approches de l’hétérogénéité des apprenants que sont l’éducation interculturelle et la pédagogie spécialisée sont complexes et ambigus. Très proches, trop peut-être, elles cherchent à se différencier l’une de l’autre, en particulier pour l’éducation interculturelle qui craint l’amalgame entre migration et handicap. Notre contribution fait le pari de dépasser ce tabou pour analyser les convergences et divergences de leurs discours sur la différence, en les situant dans le contexte de politique scolaire actuel qui montre une sensibilité nouvelle à la question de l’hétérogénéité. Le modèle du carré dialectique de la différence culturelle [...] permet d’analyser la tension entre égalité et diversité qu’implique la prise en compte de la différence, tension qu’il est nécessaire de penser si l’on veut éviter des discours et des pratiques contradictoires, peu à même de répondre aux défis de l’hétérogénéité dans l’éducation. (DIPF/Orig.)Die Beziehungen zwischen den Herangehensweisen der interkulturellen Erziehung und der Sonderpädagogik an die Heterogenität der Lernenden sind komplex und mehrdeutig. Sie liegen nahe oder sogar zu nahe beieinander und versuchen, sich trotzdem zu unterscheiden; dies gilt insbesondere für die interkulturelle Erziehung, die die Vermischung zwischen Migration und Behinderung vermeiden möchte. Unser Beitrag bricht mit diesem Tabu und analysiert die Konvergenzen und Divergenzen in beiden Diskursen zur Verschiedenheit. Dazu werden diese in den Kontext der aktuellen Schulpolitik eingeordnet, die gegenüber der Heterogenitätsfrage eine neue Wahrnehmungssensibilität zeigt. Das Modell der Dialektik der Differenz im Wertequadrat [...] ermöglicht es, die Spannung zwischen Gleichheit und Verschiedenheit zu analysieren, die durch das Berücksichtigen der Verschiedenheit entsteht. Diese Spannung gilt es zu bedenken, um widersprüchliche Diskurse und Praktiken zu verhindern, weil diese es schwierig machen, den Herausforderungen gewachsen zu sein, die sich durch die Heterogenität für die Erziehung ergeben. (DIPF/Orig.

Analyse et modélisation des effets de la conduite de culture sur deux maladies cryptogamiques majeures du tournesol (Phoma macdonaldii et Phomopsis helianthi)

Le phoma (Phoma macdonaldii / Leptosphaeria linquistii) et le phomopsis (Phomopsis / Diaporthe helianthi) sont deux champignons pathogènes majeurs du tournesol. Dans un contexte d objectif de réduction de la lutte chimique, une meilleure compréhension des interactions peuplement-agents pathogènes-environnement-conduite de culture est nécessaire. Des essais menés au champ et en serre à Auzeville en 2010 et 2011 ont permis de décomposer les effets de la conduite de culture du tournesol sur l apparition et le développement des deux maladies. Les variables clés de l architecture des plantes en peuplement et du microclimat, modifiées par la conduite de culture (choix variétal, densité de semis, fertilisation azoté, irrigation) ont été décrites et mises en relation avec les composantes de la maladie. Ainsi, pour le phomopsis, le rôle déterminant du microclimat résultant du niveau de développement de la couverture foliaire lors des phases initiales d infection a été confirmé. La taille des feuilles et le diamètre des tiges sont des caractères déterminants de la progression des dégâts sur feuille et tige. Les conséquences des attaques de phomopsis sur feuille en termes de mécanismes de nuisibilité ont été analysées finement et modélisées. Pour le phoma, le rôle du statut nutritionnel azoté dans la progression des attaques sur tige et collet a été confirmé. La fonction régulatrice du phoma vis-à-vis des attaques de phomopsis sur feuille a été quantifiée. Sur le plan de la modélisation, plusieurs approches ont été menées : (i) Evaluation de la qualité prédictive d Asphodel, modèle épidémiologique prévoyant les émissions de ascospores de Phomopsis ; application à différentes conduites de culture et extension au phoma pour la partie inoculum primaire ; (ii) développement d un modèle prédictif de l incidence du phoma prenant en compte les effets climatiques, microclimatiques et agronomiques ; (iii) proposition d une modélisation conceptuelle des interactions plante-agent(s) pathogène(s)-environnement-conduite de culture. Ce travail pourra, à terme, contribuer à la conception de stratégies de gestion des principales maladies du tournesol, à l échelle de la parcelle ou du territoire.Phoma (Phoma macdonaldii / Leptosphaeria linquistii) and phomopsis (Phomopsis / Diaporthe helianthi) are two major sunflower fungal diseases. In a context of reduction of pesticides, a better understanding of the interactions between crop canopy, pathogens, environment and cropping practices is needed. Field and greenhouse experiments set up at Auzeville in 2010 and 2011 allowed to dissect the impact of sunflower crop management on disease appearance and development. Key variables of plant architecture and microclimate, modified by cropping practices (variety choice, sowing density, nitrogen fertilization, irrigation) were described and related to disease components. Thereby, for phomopsis, the key role of microclimate resulting from the level of development of leaf area during the initial stages of infection was confirmed. Leaf length and stem diameter are key characters for necrosis progression on leaf and stem. The impact of phomopsis leaf infection in term of damage mechanism was analysed and modelled. For phoma, the effect of nitrogen nutrition status on necrosis progression on stem and stem base was confirmed. The regulatory function of phoma towards phomopsis leaf infection was quantified. In terms of modelling, several approaches were developed: (i) evaluation of the predictive quality of Asphodel, an epidemiological model predicting Phomopsis ascospore release; application to different cropping practices and extension to phoma for primary inoculum; (ii) development of a predictive model for phoma incidence taking into account the climatic, microclimatic and agronomic effects; (iii) proposal of a conceptual model of the interactions between crop canopy, pathogens, environment and cropping practices. This study could contribute to the design of integrated management strategies for the main sunflower diseases, at field or at territory scale.TOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF

How does response inhibition influence decision-making when gambling? (dataset)

Behavioural data, skin-conductance data, eye movement data, and R scripts (analyses) for eight behavioural experiments.Dataset relating to 'How does response inhibition influence decision-making when gambling?’research paper published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. The paper is available in ORE: http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15841Behavioural data, skin-conductance data, eye movement data, and R scripts (analyses) for eight behavioural experiments. Experiment documentation is included as well.​ This data is related to the article 'How does response inhibition influence decision-making when gambling?' published in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)European Research Council (ERC)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)British Academy/Leverhulme Gran

Soluble factors regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediate tumour angiogenesis and myeloid cell recruitment.

peer reviewedEpithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs provide cancer cells with invasive and survival capacities that might favor metastatic dissemination. Whilst signaling cascades triggering EMT have been extensively studied, the impact of EMT on the crosstalk between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment remains elusive. We aimed to identify EMT-regulated soluble factors that facilitate the recruitment of host cells in the tumor. Our findings indicate that EMT phenotypes relate to the induction of a panel of secreted mediators, namely IL-8, IL-6, sICAM-1, PAI-1 and GM-CSF, and implicate the EMT-transcription factor Snail as a regulator of this process. We further show that EMT-derived soluble factors are pro-angiogenic in vivo (in the mouse ear sponge assay), ex vivo (in the rat aortic ring assay) and in vitro (in a chemotaxis assay). Additionally, conditioned medium from EMT-positive cells stimulates the recruitment of myeloid cells. In a bank of 40 triple-negative breast cancers, tumors presenting features of EMT were significantly more angiogenic and infiltrated by a higher quantity of myeloid cells compared to tumors with little or no EMT. Taken together, our results show that EMT programs trigger the expression of soluble mediators in cancer cells that stimulate angiogenesis and recruit myeloid cells in vivo, which might in turn favor cancer spread

ZO-1 Intracellular Localization Organizes Immune Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

International audienceDelocalization of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) from tight junctions plays a substantial role in epithelial cell plasticity observed during tumor progression. In vitro , we reported an impact of ZO-1 cyto-nuclear content in modulating the secretion of several pro-inflammatory chemokines. In vivo , we demonstrated that it promotes the recruitment of immune cells in mouse ear sponge assays. Examining lung cancers, we showed that a high density of CD8 cytotoxic T cells and Foxp3 immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment correlated with a cyto-nuclear expression of ZO-1. Taken together, our results support that, by affecting tumor cell secretome, the cyto-nuclear ZO-1 pool may recruit immune cells, which could be permissive for tumor progression

Tumor collagenase stimulatory factor (TCSF) expression and localization in human lung and breast cancers.

Tumor cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor (TCSF) stimulates in vitro the biosynthesis of various matrix metalloproteinases involved in tumor invasion, such as interstitial collagenase, gelatinase A, and stromelysin 1. The expression of TCSF mRNAs was studied in vivo, using in situ hybridization and Northern blotting analysis, in seven normal tissues and in 22 squamous cell carcinomas of the lung, and in seven benign proliferations and in 22 ductal carcinomas of the mammary gland. By in situ hybridization, TCSF mRNAs were detected in 40 of 44 carcinomas, in pre-invasive and invasive cancer cells of both lung and breast cancers. TCSF mRNAs and gelatinase A mRNAs were both visualized in the same areas in serial sections in breast cancers, and were expressed by different cells, tumor cells, and fibroblasts. The histological results were confirmed by Northern blot analysis, which showed a higher expression of TCSF mRNAs in cancers than in benign and normal tissues. These observations support the hypothesis that TCSF is an important factor in lung and breast tumor progression

Gender and line size factors modulate the deviations of the subjective visual vertical induced by head tilt

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The subjective visual vertical (SVV, the visual estimation of gravitational direction) is commonly considered as an indicator of the sense of orientation. The present study examined the impact of two methodological factors (the angle size of the stimulus and the participant's gender) on deviations of the SVV caused by head tilt. Forty healthy participants (20 men and 20 women) were asked to make visual vertical adjustments of a light bar with their head held vertically or roll-tilted by 30° to the left or to the right. Line angle sizes of 0.95° and 18.92° were presented.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The SVV tended to move in the direction of head tilt in women but away from the direction of head tilt in men. Moreover, the head-tilt effect was also modulated by the stimulus' angle size. The large angle size led to deviations in the direction of head-tilt, whereas the small angle size had the opposite effect.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results showed that gender and line angle size have an impact on the evaluation of the SVV. These findings must be taken into account in the growing body of research that uses the SVV paradigm in disease settings. Moreover, this methodological issue may explain (at least in part) the discrepancies found in the literature on the head-tilt effect.</p

Are brucellosis, Q fever and melioidosis potential causes of febrile illness in Madagascar?

Brucellosis, Q fever and melioidosis are zoonoses, which can lead to pyrexia. These diseases are often under-ascertained and underreported because of their unspecific clinical signs and symptoms, insufficient awareness by physicians and public health officers and limited diagnostic capabilities, especially in low-resource countries. Therefore, the presence of Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Burkholderia pseudomallei was investigated in Malagasy patients exhibiting febrile illness. In addition, we analyzed zebu cattle and their ticks as potential reservoirs for Brucella and C. burnetii, respectively. Specific quantitative real-time PCR assays (qPCRs) were performed on 1020 blood samples drawn from febrile patients. In total, 15 samples (1.5%) were Brucella-positive, mainly originating from patients without travel history, while DNA from C. burnetii and Bu. pseudomallei was not detected. Anti-C. burnetii antibodies were found in four out of 201 zebu serum samples (2%), whereas anti-Brucella antibodies could not be detected. Brucella DNA was detected in a single zebu sample. Three out of 330 ticks analyzed (1%) were positively tested for C. burnetii DNA but with high Ct values in the qPCR assay. Our data suggest that zebus as well as Amblyomma and Boophilus ticks have to be considered as a natural reservoir or vector for C. burnetii, but the risk of cattle-to-human transmission is low. Since bovine brucellosis does not seem to contribute to human infections in Madagascar, other transmission routes have to be assumed