Ukrainian oppositional press during the late 1980s – the early 1990s: social-communicative aspect

The article is researched with the problem of the socio-communicative influence of the Ukrainian opposition press of the late 1980s and early 1990s on Soviet and post-Soviet society. The researchers established that the founders of such publications were activists of public organizations, including the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and the People's Movement of Ukraine. The role of the famous Ukrainian political figure, dissident and journalist Vyacheslav Chornovil in the development of the press service of the UHU has been clarified. Namely, V. Chornovil initiated the establishment of “Ukrayinskiy Visnyk”, the independent information agency UNVIS. During 1989-1990 members of opposition organizations established press services network in Moscow, Kyiv and Lviv, and also actively cooperated with well-known information organizations such as Radio Liberty.  The independent information agency UNVIS created by Vyacheslav Chornovil with like-minded people became an important factor in the establishment of a number of independent newspapers and publications, and foundation of self-publishing libraries.&nbsp

Perspectives of global using a cryptocurrency as a medium of exchange: evidence from Ukraine and the world economies

Society’s natural order and the evolution of commodity money required an adequate common value equivalent. The money, or more specifically, the mediate tools needed for commodity exchange, came through a long history of its development

Perspectives of global using a cryptocurrency as a medium of exchange: evidence from Ukraine and the world economies

Society’s natural order and the evolution of commodity money required an adequate common value equivalent. The money, or more specifically, the mediate tools needed for commodity exchange, came through a long history of its development

Separation of Enantiomers by Inclusion Gas Chromatography: On the Influence of Water in the Molecular Complexation of Methyl 2-Chloropropanoate Enantiomers and the Modified γ-Cyclodextrin Lipodex-E

A profound influence of water has previously been detected in the complexation of the enantiomers of methyl 2-chloropropanoate (MCP) and the chiral selector octakis(3-O-butanoyl-2,6-di-O-pentyl)-γ-cyclodextrin (Lipodex-E) in NMR and sensor experiments. We therefore investigated the retention behavior of MCP enantiomers on Lipodex-E by gas chromatography (GC) under hydrous conditions. Addition of water to the N2 carrier gas modestly reduced the retention factors k of the enantiomers, notably for the second eluted enantiomer (S)-MCP. This resulted in an overall decrease of enantioselectivity -ΔS,R(ΔG) in the presence of water. The effect was fully reversible. Consequently, for a conditioned column in the absence of residual water, the determined thermodynamic data, i.e. ΔS,R(ΔH) = -12.64 ± 0.08 kJ mol-1 and ΔS,R(ΔS) = -28.18 ± 0.23 J K-1 mol-1, refer to a true 1:1 complexation process devoid of hydrophobic hydration. Chirality 28:124-131, 2015

Determination of accurate electron chiral asymmetries in fenchone and camphor in the VUV range: sensitivity to isomerism and enantiomeric purity

Photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) manifests itself as an intense forward/backward asymmetry in the angular distribution of photoelectrons produced from randomly-oriented enantiomers by photoionization with circularly-polarized light (CPL). As a sensitive probe of both photoionization dynamics and of the chiral molecular potential, PECD attracts much interest especially with the recent performance of related experiments with visible and VUV laser sources. Here we report, by use of quasi-perfect CPL VUV synchrotron radiation and using a double imaging photoelectron/photoion coincidence (i2PEPICO) spectrometer, new and very accurate values of the corresponding asymmetries on showcase chiral isomers: camphor and fenchone. These data have additionally been normalized to the absolute enantiopurity of the sample as measured by a chromatographic technique. They can therefore be used as benchmarking data for new PECD experiments, as well as for theoretical models. In particular we found, especially for the outermost orbital of both molecules, a good agreement with CMS-X PECD modeling over the whole VUV range. We also report a spectacular sensitivity of PECD to isomerism for slow electrons, showing large and opposite asymmetries when comparing R-camphor to R-fenchone (respectively -10% and +16 % around 10 eV). In the course of this study, we could also assess the analytical potential of PECD. Indeed, the accuracy of the data we provide are such that limited departure from perfect enantiopurity in the sample we purchased could be detected and estimated in excellent agreement with the analysis performed in parallel via a chromatographic technique, establishing a new standard of accuracy, in the ±1 % range, for enantiomeric excess measurement via PECD. The i2PEPICO technique allows correlating PECD measurements to specific parent ion masses, which would allow its application to analysis of complex mixtures

Rupture de symétrie chirale : asymétrie et origine des molécules chirales impliquées dans l’évolution prébiotique

Since the Pasteur’s discovery of chirality more than 150 years ago, the origin of homochirality remains to be an unresolved mystery, which is probably linked to the origin of life-itself. This puzzle was named by the journal Nature as one of the five biggest unresolved puzzles in modern science.Today there exist two ways to address the question of the origin of molecular homochirality. It implies either deterministic or chance scenario. The latest is based on the spontaneous resolution of enantiomers by phase transition, and in consequence, it cannot be tested. On the other hand, deterministic theories can be subjected to experimental confirmation, since if there was, in fact, a chiral influence that imposed its chirality this should in principle be reproducible.The presented manuscript is a synthesis of bibliographic research and experimental studies that focus on the interaction of CPL with chiral molecules which are put in the context of the origin of homochirality of life. This work is aiming to advance our understanding of chiroptical properties of chiral molecules as well as to determine chiral species susceptible to be present in cometary iceDepuis la découverte de la chiralité moléculaire par Pasteur il y a plus de 150 ans, l'origine de l'homochiralité de la vie reste un mystère non résolu et troublant, qui remonte probablement à l'origine de la vie elle-même. Cette énigme a récemment été recensée dans Nature comme étant l’une des cinq plus grandes énigmes non résolues par la science.Aujourd'hui il existe deux façons d’aborder le problème de l'origine de l'asymétrie moléculaire impliquant des scénarios soit déterministes soit aléatoires. Ces derniers étant basés sur la résolution spontanée des énantiomères, et sont donc impossible à tester. En revanche, les théories déterministes peuvent être confrontées à l’expérience afin notamment de valider la reproductibilité de leur influence chirale.Le présent manuscrit est une synthèse bibliographique et expérimentale mettant en évidence les interactions de la LPC avec des molécules chirales dans le cadre de l’origine de l’homochiralité de la vie. Ces travaux ont pour but de mieux comprendre les propriétés chiroptiques de molécules chirales ainsi que de déterminer les espèces chirales susceptibles d'être présentes dans la glace cométair

Chiral symmetry breaking : asymmetry and origin of chiral molecules relevant in prebiotic evolution

Depuis la découverte de la chiralité moléculaire par Pasteur il y a plus de 150 ans, l'origine de l'homochiralité de la vie reste un mystère non résolu et troublant, qui remonte probablement à l'origine de la vie elle-même. Cette énigme a récemment été recensée dans Nature comme étant l’une des cinq plus grandes énigmes non résolues par la science.Aujourd'hui il existe deux façons d’aborder le problème de l'origine de l'asymétrie moléculaire impliquant des scénarios soit déterministes soit aléatoires. Ces derniers étant basés sur la résolution spontanée des énantiomères, et sont donc impossible à tester. En revanche, les théories déterministes peuvent être confrontées à l’expérience afin notamment de valider la reproductibilité de leur influence chirale.Le présent manuscrit est une synthèse bibliographique et expérimentale mettant en évidence les interactions de la LPC avec des molécules chirales dans le cadre de l’origine de l’homochiralité de la vie. Ces travaux ont pour but de mieux comprendre les propriétés chiroptiques de molécules chirales ainsi que de déterminer les espèces chirales susceptibles d'être présentes dans la glace cométaireSince the Pasteur’s discovery of chirality more than 150 years ago, the origin of homochirality remains to be an unresolved mystery, which is probably linked to the origin of life-itself. This puzzle was named by the journal Nature as one of the five biggest unresolved puzzles in modern science.Today there exist two ways to address the question of the origin of molecular homochirality. It implies either deterministic or chance scenario. The latest is based on the spontaneous resolution of enantiomers by phase transition, and in consequence, it cannot be tested. On the other hand, deterministic theories can be subjected to experimental confirmation, since if there was, in fact, a chiral influence that imposed its chirality this should in principle be reproducible.The presented manuscript is a synthesis of bibliographic research and experimental studies that focus on the interaction of CPL with chiral molecules which are put in the context of the origin of homochirality of life. This work is aiming to advance our understanding of chiroptical properties of chiral molecules as well as to determine chiral species susceptible to be present in cometary ic