Model gelagat pengguna Muslim: analisa perspektif sarjana ekonomi Islam / Mohd Zaid Mustafar dan Mohammad Taqiuddin Mohamad

Teori gelagat pengguna dalam kerangka ilmu ekonomi konvensional telah bermula dari Barat selepas kemunculan fahaman kapitalis yang bertunjangkan kepada konsep „rasionalisme ekonomi‟ dan „utilitarianisme‟. Kedua-dua konsep ini mengandaikan penggunaan utiliti secara maksimum sebagai objektif utama pengguna. Secara tidak langsung, ianya melahirkan pengguna yang hanya bermatlamatkan kepuasan semata-mata. Fenomena ini menyebabkan para ahli ekonomi Islam mengambil inisiatif untuk menghasilkan model gelagat pengguna yang berteraskan Islam. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan secara ringkas model gelagat pengguna Muslim menurut perspektif para sarjana ekonomi Islam. Antaranya model binaan Monzer Kahf, Fahim Khan, Shawqi Dunia, Bendjilali dan Bashir, Mohammed Afr, Assaduzzaman, Muhammad Anas Zarqa dan Abdul Hamid Abdul Latif Mahboo

Aplikasi syarat kesahihan hadith terhadap model komunikasi berkesan / Muhammad Taufik Md Sharipp … [et al.]

Tatkala membicarakan mengenai hadith, disiplin ilmu ini akan menilai darjat sesebuah hadith sama ada sahih, hasan atau dhaif memandangkan ajaran Islam yang tercermin dalam diri Nabi SAW telah disampaikan kepada umat manusia melalui komunikasi. Ulama‘ bersepakat bahawa kesahihan hadith terangkum kepada lima syarat besar iaitu sanad bersambung, keadilan dan kekuatan ingatan perawi serta tiada kecacatan dan keraguan pada sanad dan matan hadith. Lantaran itu, syarat ini diolah bagi mewujudkan model komunikasi berkesan memandangkan secara umumnya penerimaan sesuatu mesej dalam komunikasi Islam turut memerlukan indikator tertentu. Kertas kerja ini mengaplikasikan syarat hadith tadi dan menghasilkan dua pecahan utama dalam model komunikasi berkesan. Bagi kategori komunikator, seseorang itu memerlukan keabsahan, keadilan dan integriti. Autoriti dan kesepakan mesej yang menjadi kategori kedua dalam model komunikasi berkesan yang dihasilkan

Akhlak terbina komunikasi sempurna / S.Salahudin Suyurno … [et al.]

Hampir 1/5 daripada ayat-ayat al-Quran ayat menyentuh secara langsung berkenaan akhlak manusia. Hal ini menggambarkan bahawa kesempurnaan akhlak amat dititikberatkan oleh Islam. Akhlak boleh dimaksudkan sebagai keperibadian, sahsiah dan sifat-sifat yang merujuk kepada perbuatan mulia. Ia juga merupakan ajaran-ajaran dan tingkah laku yang lebih tinggi kedudukannya daripada moral. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan erti akhlak secara mendalam serta keperluan akhlak dalam komunikasi manusia. Kedudukan dan prinsip akhlak dalam kehidupan seharian manusia turut disentuh. Gagasan komunikasi berakhlak yang menjadi asas hubungan sesama manusia dikemukakan agar ia menjadi rujukan setiap komunikator

Analysis of Woman Fiqh Jihad Based on Selected Malaysian Woman Extremism Cases

Statistical information shared by the Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM) suggests women engagement in religious extremism groups has increased in recent years. There is an urgent need to address the severe cases of extremism involving women abroad to prevent a similar incident in Malaysia. Hence, this study examines women jihad fiqh's issues based on the local background, and factors contributed to their interest. The study employed a qualitative method by collecting documentary reviews of the extremist group's publications and interviews with PDRM officers and the selected deradicalisation experts. The result indicates that Malaysian women's engagement in extremist groups is caused by the ideological influence and the pursuit of marrying a "jihadi". Nonetheless, it did not alter the legal status of fiqh jihad that had been deliberated by the scholars on the extremist groups. Therefore, women's involvement in extremist groups in the name of jihad should be constrained accordingly

Maqasid syariah dalam pelancongan menurut Islam / Nor Azlina Abd Wahab … [et al.]

Aktiviti pelancongan merupakan sebahagian daripada rutin kehidupan manusia yang sentiasa ingin merasai ketenangan, keseronokan dan kebahagiaan. Dalam al-Quran terdapat surah yang secara jelas menggalakkan aktiviti melancong, antaranya, dalam surah al-Naml, ayat 69 yang bermaksud “Katakanlah (wahai Muhammad), mengembaralah kamu di muka bumi, kemudian perhatikanlah bagaimana buruknya kesudahan orang-orang yang berdosa itu”. Berdasarkan saranan tersebut, maka Islam sentiasa menggalakkan umatnya melancong untuk memerhati dan menikmati keindahan alam dan juga memikirkan tentang kekuasaan Allah SWT serta melakukan pencerapan bagi memenuhi keperluan hidup serta melaksanakan tanggungjawab sebagai khalifah di muka bumi ini. Sehubungan itu Islam telah menggariskan panduan bagi memastikan aktiviti pelancongan selari dengan kehendak syarak dan dengan itu menepati makna ibadah dalam aktiviti tersebut. Dalam konteks ini aktiviti tersebut sewajarnya mengambil kira lima perkara asas yang disebut sebagai daruriyyat al-khams iaitu pemeliharaan terhadap agama, nyawa, akal, maruah dan harta. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan tentang lima perkara teras yang menjadi intipati penting maqasid syariah dalam aktiviti pelancongan menurut perspektif Islam. Metod penulisan ini adalah berdasarkan kepada rujukan dan penelitian terhadap dokumen-dokumen dari pelbagai sumber seperti artikel, jurnal, buku, brosur dan kajian-kajian imperikal. Penelitian terhadap sumber primer dan sekunder ini akan dilakukan bagi mendapat maklumat berkaitan konsep maqasid syariah, pelancongan menurut perspektif Islam serta penerapan maqasid syariah dalam konsep pelancongan. Kajian mendapati agama Islam sangat menggalakkan aktiviti pelancongan dalam memenuhi keperluan fitrah semulajadi manusia dan pada masa yang sama aktiviti tersebut perlulah berlandaskan tuntutan syarak serta memenuhi maqasid syariah seperti mana yang digariskan dalam ajaran Islam

Alteration in the functional organization of the default mode network following closed non-severe traumatic brain injury

The debilitating effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI) extends years after the initial injury and hampers the recovery process and quality of life. In this study, we explore the functional reorganization of the default mode network (DMN) of those affected with non-severe TBI. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a wide-spectrum disease that has heterogeneous effects on its victims and impacts everyday functioning. The functional disruption of the default mode network (DMN) after TBI has been established, but its link to causal effective connectivity remains to be explored. This study investigated the differences in the DMN between healthy participants and mild and moderate TBI, in terms of functional and effective connectivity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Nineteen non-severe TBI (mean age 30.84 ± 14.56) and twenty-two healthy (HC; mean age 27.23 ± 6.32) participants were recruited for this study. Resting-state fMRI data were obtained at the subacute phase (mean days 40.63 ± 10.14) and analyzed for functional activation and connectivity, independent component analysis, and effective connectivity within and between the DMN. Neuropsychological tests were also performed to assess the cognitive and memory domains. Compared to the HC, the TBI group exhibited lower activation in the thalamus, as well as significant functional hypoconnectivity between DMN and LN. Within the DMN nodes, decreased activations were detected in the left inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, and right superior frontal gyrus. Altered effective connectivities were also observed in the TBI group and were linked to the diminished activation in the left parietal region and precuneus. With regard to intra-DMN connectivity within the TBI group, positive correlations were found in verbal and visual memory with the language network, while a negative correlation was found in the cognitive domain with the visual network. Our results suggested that aberrant activities and functional connectivities within the DMN and with other RSNs were accompanied by the altered effective connectivities in the TBI group. These alterations were associated with impaired cognitive and memory domains in the TBI group, in particular within the language domain. These findings may provide insight for future TBI observational and interventional research

Gelagat pengguna Muslim: Analisis faktor pemilihan institusi perbankan Islam di Negeri Sembilan / Mohd Zaid Mustafar

Sistem perbankan Islam di Malaysia telah menunjukkan kemajuan yang sangat ketara dan mampu berdaya saing untuk memasuki lanskap kewangan Islam global. Di sebalik perkembangan dan kemajuan ini, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang perlu diberi perhatian khususnya yang berkaitan dengan segmen pengguna. Antaranya, setelah lebih tiga dekad perkembangan industri perbankan Islam di negara ini, tahap penguasaannya hanya 30 peratus daripada jumlah keseluruhan aset perbankan di Malaysia. Ini berikutan sebahagian daripada pengguna Muslim tidak menjadikan faktor kepatuhan syariah sebagai asas utama dalam tindakan mereka. Dengan memberi tumpuan kepada Negeri Sembilan sebagai lokasi kajian di mana kedudukannya yang berhampiran dengan ibu kota sebagai pusat ilmu, kajian ini menjelaskan realiti tahap kepatuhan syariah pengguna Muslim dalam pemilihan institusi perbankan Islam. Justeru, kajian ini merangkumi dua fasa iaitu pengenalpastian dan penilaian. Bagi fasa pengenalpastian, kaedah dokumentasi dan temu bual separa struktur digunakan. Hasilnya, kerangka konseptual yang berkaitan dengan faktor ideal pemilihan bank terhasil meliputi pertimbangan halal dan haram, kualiti penggunaan, maslahah penggunaan, keutamaan penggunaan, saiz, imej dan reputasi, pengesyoran dan daya tarikan, kualiti produk dan perkhidmatan, keselesaan lokasi serta pemasaran dan pengiklanan. Bagi fasa penilaian pula, seramai 455 orang responden telah ditemui di 13 buah institusi perbankan terpilih di Negeri Sembilan melalui kaedah persampelan mudah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kepatuhan syariah pengguna Muslim di Negeri Sembilan berada pada tahap yang sederhana. Kajian ini juga menemukan bahawa tiga faktor paling utama yang mempengaruhi pengguna ialah kualiti penggunaan, keselesaan lokasi, dan maslahah penggunaan. Manakala faktor paling kurang dominan pula ialah pengesyoran dan daya tarikan

Neural alterations in working memory of mild-moderate TBI: an fMRI study in Malaysia

Working memory (WM) encompasses crucial cognitive processes or abilities to retain and manipulate temporary information for immediate execution of complex cognitive tasks in daily functioning such as reasoning and decision-making. The WM of individuals sustaining traumatic brain injury (TBI) was commonly compromised, especially in the domain of WM. The current study investigated the brain responses of WM in a group of participants with mild-moderate TBI compared to their healthy counterparts employing functional magnetic resonance imaging. All consented participants (healthy: n = 26 and TBI: n = 15) performed two variations of the n-back WM task with four load conditions (0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-back). The respective within-group effects showed a right hemisphere-dominance activation and slower reaction in performance for the TBI group. Random-effects analysis revealed activation difference between the two groups in the right occipital lobe in the guided n-back with cues, and in the bilateral occipital lobe, superior parietal region, and cingulate cortices in the n-back without cues. The left middle frontal gyrus was implicated in the load-dependent processing of WM in both groups. Further group analysis identified that the notable activation changes in the frontal gyri and anterior cingulate cortex are according to low and high loads. Though relatively smaller in scale, this study was eminent as it clarified the neural alterations in WM in the mild-moderate TBI group compared to healthy controls. It confirmed the robustness of the phenomenon in TBI with the reproducibility of the results in a heterogeneous non-Western sample

Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo