Uso de estrategias comunicativas para la enseñanza del quechua como segunda lengua en el sexto grado “B” en la forma EIB de revitalización lingüística: caso de la IE 50430 Amazónico de Pilcopata - Kosñipata - Paucartambo

El presente trabajo de investigación pretende describir el uso de estrategias comunicativas en aula y otras estrategias complementarias para la enseñanza del quechua como segunda lengua en el sexto grado B de la IE 50430, reconocida como de revitalización lingüística. Este estudio se realizó desde el enfoque cualitativo de tipo etnográfico, y la información se recogió a través de una entrevista semi-estructurada a la docente del grado, y por medio de guías observación de las sesiones de aprendizaje del área de la lengua quechua como segunda lengua. Entre los resultados más destacados se encontró serias limitaciones en el uso de estrategias comunicativas en aula para la enseñanza del quechua como segunda lengua. Así, el uso de recursos comunicativos e interactivas para promover aprendizajes del quechua oral aún no están visibles en el aula; hay poco hábito o práctica para organizar o preparar la intervención en aula con recursos actualizados e innovadores para desarrollar sesiones que motiven interés en los estudiantes por aprender el quechua. Lo mismo ocurre en el uso del quechua escrito (lectura y escritura), pues aún no se diferencia el tratamiento para segunda lengua; la lectura y escritura mecánica de palabras sueltas empobrecen las sesiones.Kay t’aqwirisqa llamk’aypiqa qawarichiyta munayku imaynatas imakunawan 6 ñiqipi yachakuq irqikunakuna qichwa simita yachachkanku, ichaqa qhipa simitahina, simi kawsarichiypi llamk’aq yachay wasikuna ukhupi. Kay llamk’aytaqa manam rikusqaykuta yupaspaykuchu rurarqayku; yachachiqwan rimanakuspa, yachay wasi ukhupi yachachiykunata qhawaspa; chaypaqmi willarikuq qillqasqakunawan yanapachikurqayku; chaymanhinam runa simi mana rimaqkunaman qichwa simi yachachiymanta willakurqayku. T’aqwiriyta tukuspa rikusqaykumanhinaqa qichwa simita qhipa simitahina yachachiypim sinchi sasachakuykunata tariyku. Chayhinam, kusi kusilla anchata rimanakuspa qichwa simi yachachiykunataqa manam tariykuchu; ñawpa yachachikuyhinallatam rikuyku; musuq yachachiykunaqa manam rikukunchu; allin yachachiykuna kananpaqpas manam ancha yanapakuykuna churaytaqa yachasqakuchu; chayraykum yachakuqkunaqa mana kusisqachu yachanku. Hinallataqmi qillqay ñawinchay yachachiypas; simi simillatam allinta t’uqyachispa ñawinchaytapas qillqaytapas yachanku; manam qillqasqa hunt’ataqa, chaytapas mama siminkupas kanmanhinata. Chaymi yachachiykunaqa wakcha wakcha rikukun. Chaykunaqa hina kachkan hawamanta yanapakuykuna mana kaptin. Arí, kikin yachay wasimantapas tayta mamakunamantapas ayllu ukhumantapas manam ima yanapakuypas qichwa simi yachachiypaq kanchu; irqikunapas llapanku qichwa simi rimaypi kaqllata rimankumanhinam; manam sapankanku rimasqankumanhinachu yachankuqa

Desequilibrio oclusal y su influencia en la alineación vertebral: un ensayo en ratones

In maxillofacial orthopedics and orthodontics has been demonstrated the relationship between the occlusal disharmonies of stomatognathic system and its influence of the body ergonomics (posture), overall in the spine in patients with dento-maxillary issues; therefore, the objective of this study was to verify if an occlusal imbalance induced, affects the alignment of the spine in laboratory mice. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 10 mice (Mus musculus) 14 weeks old, which were divided into two groups. Previous radiographic shots were taken to both groups (treatment and control), the mice were sedated and fixed to the rods of a metal box using reference lines and they put in slight traction. After obtaining the initial radiographs it was placed at first group (treatment) a button of blue-colored resin which they used for one week and to the second group (control) nothing was placed. A control radiograph was then taken to both groups to verify the presence or absence of deviation in the spine. Results: For the radiographic evaluation the vertical or plumb line was measured in relation to the vertical center sacral line. The results of the study revealed that those mice in which the occlusal button was put in the molar of the left side the vertebral column presented significant deviation at the passage of one week. Conclusions: It has been demonstrated that an occlusal imbalance can influence the vertebral alignment in mice inducing as a result a mild scolioticEn ortopedia maxilofacial y ortodoncia se ha demostrado la relación de los desequilibrios oclusales del sistema estomatognático y su influencia sobre la ergonomía corporal, sobre todo en la columna vertebral en pacientes con problemas dento-maxilares; por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar si un desequilibrio oclusal inducido, afecta en la alineación de la columna vertebral en ratones de laboratorio. Materiales y métodos: La muestra consistió en 10 ratones (Mus musculus) de 14 semanas de edad, divididas en dos grupos. Se tomaron radiografías iniciales a ambos grupos (tratamiento y control), para este procedimiento se sedaron a los ratones, se fijaron a las varillas de una caja metálica utilizando líneas de referencia y se pusieron en ligera tracción. Después de obtenidas las radiografías iniciales se colocó al primer grupo (tratamiento) un botón de resina de color azul, el cuál utilizaron por una semana y al segundo grupo (control) no se colocó nada. Posteriormente se procedió a la toma de una radiografía a ambos grupos para verificar la presencia o ausencia de desviación en la columna vertebral. Resultados: Para la evaluación radiográfica se midió la línea vertical o plomada en relación con la línea centro-sacra. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que aquellos ratones en los que se colocó el botón oclusal, la columna vertebral presentó desviación significativa al paso de una semana. Conclusiones: Se ha demostrado que un desequilibrio oclusal puede influir en la alineación vertebral en ratones induciendo como resultado una escoliosis leve

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AimThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery.MethodsThis was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin.ResultsOverall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P ConclusionOne in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery