Experimental investigations of low-energy (4 to 40 eV) collisions of O(-)(P2) ions and O(P3) atoms with surfaces

Using a newly-developed, magnetically confined source, low-energy, ground state oxygen negative ions and neutral atoms are generated. The energy range is variable, and atom and neutrals have been generated at energies varying from 2 eV to 40 eV and higher. It was found that the interaction of these low-energy species with a solid magnesium fluoride target leads to optical emissions in the (at least) visible and infrared regions of the spectrum. Researchers describe y details of the photodetachment source, and present spectra of the neutral and ion glows in the wavelength range 250 to 850 nm (for O(-)) and 600 to 850 nm (for O), and discuss the variability of the emissions for incident energies between 4 and 40 eV

Antenna with artificial magnetic conductor for wireless application

— This paper discussed the recent works on Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) with the antenna. Two different application for antenna with AMC have been discussed. The first application is the antenna with AMC that has been used for RFID system to detect the metal object. Without incorporating AMC with antenna the system cannot be detected. When the AMC is attached with the RFID Tag antenna the system is back to normal where longer distance is achieved. The second application is used for flexible AMC using textile material for signal transmission enhancement. Using two antennas for on body application the system has been tested using AMC and without AMC. It shows that the transmission is better when there is an AMC attach to the body compared without AMC. Index Terms — Artificial Magnetic Conductor, high impedance surface, metamaterial, reflection phase

The impact of microfinance institution in economic growth of a country: Nigeria in focus

The study seeks to examine the impact of microfinance institution on economic growth of a country, thus using Nigeria as a case study. The study employs the multiple regression analysis given that the data are cross-sectional and time series in nature. Secondary data of all commercial banks were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical Bulletin and Annual Reports. Data used in this model are time series secondary data for the period 1992 to 2012.The findings of the study show that microfinance loans have a significant positive impact on the short run economic performance in Nigeria. Microfinance loans enhanced consumption per capita in short run with an impressive coefficient, although these banks‘ loans do not have a significant impact on economic growth in the long run. Microfinance investment however, has a significant impact on economic performance in Nigeria in the long run. Although micro finance loans are relevant in growth process in Nigeria, other measures such as boosting agricultural production and taking appropriate steps to enhance per capita income are equally important in boosting the Nigerian economic growth. We recommend that, microfinance institutions should loan to improve consumption in the short run, while the long run goal should be to improve investment and other capital accumulation.Keywords: Microfinance institution, Capital consumption, Microfinance loan, Investment, Economic growth, Financial institutio

The Grounds for Excluding the Criminal Responsibility of the Offenders Committing an International Offense

The international community has been exerting much effort to set an effective mechanism for prosecuting and punishing the offenders who violate the international human rights law and other international laws. Eventually, after the United Nation exerted much effort, the Statute of the International Criminal Court was adopted in 1998. The latter statute came into force in 2002. Since 2002, the offenders who commit genocides, crimes against humanity, and war crimes have been held criminally liable for their crime. Due to such statute, they are not exempted from punishment any more. In other words, there is not any immunity nor any kind of protection that may prevent the enforcement of punishment on those offenders. Establishing the Permanent International Criminal Court is a high significant step throughout human history to ensure that those offenders are prosecuted and punished. The significance of the present study arises from seeking to identify the reasons for excluding the criminal responsibility of offenders who committed international offenses requirements in accordance with the Statute of the Permanent International Criminal Court. This study also aimed at identifying the legal requirements that must be fulfilled to be implemented to set the legal effects and comparing them with those stated in the national criminal law

Resistance of Concrete and Cement to Chemical and Aggressive Environments

The resistance of the cement mortar to aggressive influences, when exposed to air, lime becomes denser due to gas formation in the air, the durability of the garage erected in the building. It has also been found that exposure to harmful exhaust gases increases, usually in wet conditions

O léxico da série Law and Order: uma análise inicial baseada em corpus paralelo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi examinar legendas do seriado Law and Order e suas spinoffs, com o intuito de explorar seu potencial terminológico e terminográfico. A principal hipótese é a de que a autenticidade da linguagem usada pelos personagens da série pode constituir um corpus rico tanto em especificidades jurídicas quanto em linguajar policial. Os pressupostos teóricos adotados foram a noção de legendas como corpora de ficção para extração de terminologia (FROMM 2011), a existência de termos emprestados de áreas de especialidade que conferem maior realidade às séries de ficção (FROMM 2011) e a elaboração de vocabulário de especialidade via Linguística de Corpus (FROMM 2007). Um corpus paralelo contendo legendas de 396 episódios em inglês americano e suas respectivas traduções para o português brasileiro foi estudado por meio do programa de análise lexical Wordsmith Tools 5.0 (SCOTT 2010). O estudo possibilitou a identificação da linguagem de especialidade jurídico-policial, a emergência do campo semântico Crimes e a verificação de equivalências.The aim of this study was to examine subtitles of Law and Order series and its spinoffs, in order to explore its terminological and terminographic potential. The main hypothesis is that the authenticity of the language used by the characters in the series can be a rich corpus containing both legal specificities and police speech. The theoretical assumptions adopted were the notion of subtitles as fiction corpora for terminology extraction (FROMM 2011), the existence of borrowed terms of specialty areas which give greater reality to fiction series (FROMM 2011) and the elaboration of a vocabulary of specific words via Corpus Linguistics (FROMM 2007). A parallel corpus containing 396 episodes of subtitles in American English and their translations into Brazilian Portuguese was studied by using the lexical analysis program Wordsmith Tools 5.0 (SCOTT 2010). The study enabled the identification of the legal and police specialty language, the emergence of the semantic field Crimes and the verification of equivalence

Availability Modeling and Analysis Based on Repair Policy for Selector Distribution Unit (SDU) Platform

This paper presents the impact of repair policies on the availability of a selector distribution unit (SDU) in a telecommunication system. Three repair policies are analyzed, One-Shot Repair Policy, Sequential Repair Policy, and Simultaneous Repair Policy. The availability of the SDU unit is measured using each of the investigated repair policies. Failure rates and average availability are used as primary performance indexes. The results show that the impact of repair policy is minimal when the number of faults is relatively low. When the number of faults to be repaired is relatively large, the on-site simultaneous repair policy outperforms the other policies. The results were obtained using fault MEADEP reliability and availability analysis tool. The data used for measuring the performance of the repair policies are obtained from environment and practical numbers. The investigated SDU has availability budget of 0.99999933, which is required to achieve a 5 NINES availability for the entire telecom network

Switchable Wideband Metamaterial Absorber and AMC reflector for X-band Applications and Operations

A single layered metamaterial structure with capabilities of switching from a wideband metamaterial absorber to an AMC reflector and vice versa is presented in this paper. A flame retardant 4 substrate with physical thickness of 1.60mm was used. The absorption rate, reflection rate, reflection phase and surface current distribution were studied and discussed. The operational incidental wave angles were varied from 0o to 65o. A peak reflection of about 90% was achieved at 11.20 GHz with a usable bandwidth (-90 to +90) of 3.01 GHz by the AMC reflector. The metamaterial absorber demonstrated a wideband performance (from 8.10 GHz to 14.30 GHz). It achieved 100% absorption at 11.20 GHz and not less than 6