Trends in Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation Processes

This book gives an overview of the state of the art in Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation research for the treatment of industrial and urban wastewaters and provides novel solutions to overcome the current challenges of this technology. These solutions include tailoring of the catalysts to exploit the use of additional energy sources and oxidants. The collected papers illustrate the high versatility of this low-cost technology, easily adaptable to any kind of wastewater, either polluted by high-loaded recalcitrant organics in industrial wastewaters or by emerging pollutants at microconcentration levels in urban waters

Estudio comparativo entre el uso de plano organico y la aplicacion de Tens, como pacificadores neuromusculares para la obtencion de relacion centrica.

65 p.El objetivo de este estudio, es comparar el efecto de pacificación neuromuscular realizada mediante el uso de plano orgánico y la aplicación de estimulación eléctrica nerviosa transcutánea (TENS), como coadyuvantes en la obtención de RC. Se evaluaron distintos ámbitos: 1. La replicabilidad de cada método. 2. La posición promedio de RC (después de aplicar ambos mecanismos de pacificación), con respecto a MIC. 3. Discrepancia entre MIC y RC, para las dos situaciones. Se seleccionó una muestra de 16 personas ( 9 mujeres y 7 hombres), cuyas edades fluctúan entre los 19 y 30 años. Todos presentan dentición natural, rangos de movilidad mandibular dentro de parámetros normales y una MIC estable. Se excluyen aquellas personas que presenten signos o síntomas de TTM y que se encuentren en terapia actual con relajantes musculares, férulas oclusales o tratamiento ortodóncico. El montaje de modelos se realizó en MIC , en un articulador semiajustable Panadent Se utilizó el CPI ,para evaluar en forma tridimensional los cambios en la posición condilar. Se realizaron siete registros por paciente: uno para MIC, tres para RC posterior al uso de plano orgánico (RCP) y tres posterior a la aplicación de TENS (RCT). La aplicación de TENS se realizó por veinte minutos, ubicando un electrodo en cada músculo masetero superficial (derecho e izquierdo). Posteriormente se toma el registro de RC, utilizando la técnica de manipulación bimanual descrita por Dawson. Lo anterior se repite tres veces, a intervalos semanales. Luego se instala un plano orgánico de cobertura total (previamente ajustado), indicando su uso por 24 horas continuas, posterior a lo cual, se toma el correspondiente registro de RC, también utilizando la técnica bimanual. Lo que se efectúa tres veces a intervalos semanales. Para determinar la replicabilidad de cada método se utilizó como análisis estadístico el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ri), evaluando las tres mediciones realizadas en distintos tiempos en cada persona. Con ambos métodos, se obtienen valores mayores a 0,7 para todos los sentidos del espacio, lo que indica que ambos mecanismos son confiables, ya que sus mediciones están altamente correlacionadas. Los valores de posición promedio para TENS son los siguientes: en sentido horizontal, 0.69 y 0,57 mm (en lados derecho e izquierdo respectivamente),en el eje vertical 0,79 y 0,67 mm (lados derecho e izquierdo respectivamente) y 0,12 (eje transversal). Para RCP los valores fueron de: O,63y 0,44 mm en sentido horizontal, 0,87 y 0,92 mm en sentido vertical ,en los lados derecho e izquierdo respectivamente y 0,23mm sentido transversal. Esta posición, se encuentra posterosuperior y levemente desplazada hacia el lado izquierdo de MJC. Para comparar las medias obtenidas con ambos métodos (Plano- TENS), en relación a la posición de RC respecto a MIC , se aplica el test t, encontrando valores p> 0.05. Esto indica que no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa, entre ambos mecanismos de pacificación NM. De acuerdo a lo anteriormente estipulado, ambos métodos de pacificación neuromuscular se consideran igualmente efectivos, otorgando un alto grado de confiabilidad, en la obtención de RC

Fast oxidation of the neonicotinoid pesticides listed in the EU Decision 2018/840 from aqueous solutions

Neonicotinoid pesticides family is nowadays identified as the most important type of insecticides in the world. Their consequent widespread occurrence in the environment represents not only a well-known risk for bees but also a significant negative impact in aquatic ecosystems. In this work, the capability of catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) (Fe3O4-R400/H2O2) as a low-cost and environmentally-friendly system for the treatment of the neonicotinoid pesticides listed in the EU Watch List (Decision 2018/840) (acetamiprid (ACT), clothianidin (CLT), imidacloprid (IMD), thiacloprid (THC) and thiamethoxam (THM)) has been investigated. Remarkably, complete elimination of the pollutants (1000 g L-1)and the aromatic by-products was reached in 20 min reaction time operating at 25 °C, 1 atm, and pH0 = 5,, with the stoichiometric H2O2 amount (~4 – 5 mg L-1) and 1 g L-1 catalyst load. The reactivity order of the insecticides decreased as follows: THC>IMD>THM>CLT>ACT, being the pseudo-first order rate constant values within the range of 0.26 – 0.61 min-1. Notably, high mineralization yields were obtained (>50%) being the final effluents non-toxic. As example, the oxidation pathway of ACT was proposed. Finally, the catalytic system was tested in real surface waterThis research has been founded by the CTM2016-76454-R project (Spanish MINECO) and by the S2013/MAE-2716 project (CM). M. Munoz thanks the postdoctoral Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2016-20648) to the Spanish MINEC

Accelerating Oxygen Reduction Catalysts through Preventing Poisoning with Non-Reactive Species by Using Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids

Poster presentation given at the 68th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistr

Evolution of fractality in space plasmas of interest to geomagnetic activity

We studied the temporal evolution of fractality for geomagnetic activity, by calculating fractal dimensions from the Dst data and from a magnetohydrodynamic shell model for turbulent magnetized plasma, which may be a useful model to study geomagnetic activity under solar wind forcing. We show that the shell model is able to reproduce the relationship between the fractal dimension and the occurrence of dissipative events, but only in a certain region of viscosity and resistivity values. We also present preliminary results of the application of these ideas to the study of the magnetic field time series in the solar wind during magnetic clouds, which suggest that it is possible, by means of the fractal dimension, to characterize the complexity of the magnetic cloud structure.Peer reviewe

Adsorption of micropollutants onto realistic microplastics: role of microplastic nature, size, age, and NOM fouling

This work aims at evaluating the role of nature, size, age, and natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of realistic microplastics (MPs) on the adsorption of two persistent micropollutants (diclofenac (DCF) and metronidazole (MNZ)). For such goal, four representative polymer types (polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)) were tested. MPs were obtained by cryogenic milling of different commercial materials (disposable bottles, containers, and trays), and fully characterized (optical microscopic and SEM images, FTIR, elemental analysis, water contact angle and pHslurry). The micropollutants hydrophobicity determined to a high extent their removal yield from water. Regardless of the MP's nature, the adsorption capacity for DCF was considerably higher than the achieved for MNZ, which can be related to its stronger hydrophobic properties and aromatic character. In fact, aromatic MPs (PS and PET) showed the highest adsorption capacity values with DCF (~100 μg g−1). The MP size also played a key role on its adsorption capacity, which was found to increase with decreasing the particle size (20–1000 μm). MPs aging (simulated by Fenton oxidation) led also to substantial changes on their sorption behavior. Oxidized MPs exhibited acidic surface properties which led to a strong decrease on the adsorption of the hydrophobic micropollutant (DCF) but to an increase with the hydrophilic one (MNZ). NOM fouling (WWTP effluent, river water, humic acid solution) led to a dramatic decrease on the MPs sorption capacity due to sorption sites blocking. Finally, the increase of pH or salinity of the aqueous medium increased the micropollutants desorptionThis research has been supported by the Autonoma University of Madrid and Community of Madrid through the project SI1-PJI-2019-00006, and by the Spanish MINECO through the project PID2019-105079RB-I00. Muñoz and J. Nieto-Sandoval thank the Spanish MINECO for the Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract (RYC-2016-20648) and the FPI predoctoral grant (BES-2017-081346), respectively. D. Ortiz thanks the Spanish MIU for the FPU predoctoral grant (FPU19/04816

Condensation by-products in wet peroxide oxidation: Fouling or catalytic promotion? Part II: Activity, nature and stability

The deposition of condensation by-products onto the catalyst surface upon wet peroxide and wet air oxidation processes has usually been associated with catalyst deactivation. However, in Part I of this paper, it was demonstrated that these carbonaceous deposits actually act as catalytic promoters in the oxygen-assisted wet peroxide oxidation (WPO-O2) of phenol. Herein, the intrinsic activity, nature and stability of these species have been investigated. To achieve this goal, an up-flow fixed bed reactor packed with porous Al2O3 spheres was used to facilitate the deposition of the condensation by-products formed in the liquid phase. It was demonstrated that the condensation by-products catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 and a higher amount of these species leads to a higher degree of oxidation degree The reaction rates, conversion values and intermediates’ distribution were analyzed. The characterization of the carbonaceous deposits on the Al2O3 spheres showed a significant amount of condensation by-products (~6 wt.%) after 650 h of time on stream. They are of aromatic nature and present oxygen functional groups consisting of quinones, phenols, aldehydes, carboxylics and ketones. The initial phenol concentration and H2O2 dose were found to be crucial variables for the generation and consumption of such species, respectively.This research was supported by the Spanish MINECO through the project CTM-2016-76454-R and by the CM through the project P2018/EMT-4341. M. Munoz thanks the Spanish MINECO for the Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract (RYC-2016-20648).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Condensation by-products in wet peroxide oxidation: Fouling or catalytic promotion? Part I: Evidences of an autocatalytic process

The deposition of condensation by-products onto the catalyst surface upon wet peroxide and wet air oxidation processes has usually been associated with catalyst deactivation. However, in Part I of this paper, it was demonstrated that these carbonaceous deposits actually act as catalytic promoters in the oxygen-assisted wet peroxide oxidation (WPO-O2) of phenol. Herein, the intrinsic activity, nature and stability of these species have been investigated. To achieve this goal, an up-flow fixed bed reactor packed with porous Al2O3 spheres was used to facilitate the deposition of the condensation by-products formed in the liquid phase. It was demonstrated that the condensation by-products catalyzed the decomposition of H2O2 and a higher amount of these species leads to a higher degree of oxidation degree The reaction rates, conversion values and intermediates’ distribution were analyzed. The characterization of the carbonaceous deposits on the Al2O3 spheres showed a significant amount of condensation by-products (~6 wt.%) after 650 h of time on stream. They are of aromatic nature and present oxygen functional groups consisting of quinones, phenols, aldehydes, carboxylics and ketones. The initial phenol concentration and H2O2 dose were found to be crucial variables for the generation and consumption of such species, respectivelyThis research was supported by the Spanish MINECO through the project CTM-2016-76454-R and by the CM through the project P2018/EMT-4341. M. Munoz thanks the Spanish MINECO for the Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract (RYC-2016-20648).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Eficiencia de la aplicacion de una adaptacion del programa Flip-N, para la estimulacion del lexico en preescolares con Tel Expresivo

73 p.El trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL) puede manifestarse clínicamente afectando uno o varios aspectos del lenguaje, entiéndase aspecto fonológico, semántico, morfosintáctico y pragmático. Al mismo tiempo se puede ver afectado en los niños con TEL el discurso narrativo, por lo que se postula la intervención de este como una forma de estimular los aspectos del lenguaje. Para efectos del presente estudio toman especial relevancia los siguientes aspectos: léxico, sintaxis y complejidad discursiva. Para la intervención de éstos se utilizó el FLIP-n, el cual consiste en un Programa de Intervención Funcional del Lenguaje basado en la estimulación del discurso narrativo especialmente en la gramática de las oraciones. El propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar la eficiencia de la aplicación del programa FLIP-n, adaptado a muestras de treinta preescolares cuyas edades se encuentran entre los 4 a 4 años 11 meses, diagnosticados con TEL Expresivo. Se comparó el desempeño lingüístico a nivel léxico de forma intergrupal de un grupo de niños con TEL Expresivo usando el programa FLIP con un grupo de niños control con igual diagnóstico, a los cuales se les realizará terapia fonoaudiológica grupal no estandarizada. Los resultados demuestran que, el programa Flip-n no es eficiente para la estimulación del lenguaje a nivel lexico, ya que los hallazgos obtenidos no son significativos, contraponiéndose a la hipótesis planteada