98 research outputs found

    Evaluation Of The Impact Of Educational Intervention On Traditional Beliefs, Knowledge, Attitude And Practice About Childhood Diarrhea And Its Management Among Mothers In Morang, Nepal

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    Diarrhea is a global problem including Nepal and it is the second leading cause of child death worldwide. In Nepal, diarrhea is still a common problem and is a national priority despite the governmentā€™s efforts to reducing mortality for children under five through implementation of a childhood diarrheal diseases control program. The study was conducted with the objective of evaluating mothers' beliefs, knowledge, attitudes and practices about childhood diarrhea and its management with the final intention to reduce childhood diarrhea mortality and morbidity

    Childhood Diarrhoea in Nepal

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    Diarrhoea is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in Nepal, a developing country where the larger proportion of the population live in rural areas. Poverty, illiteracy, lack of health care facilities at local level, demographical distribution and traditional beliefs are the major obstacles for getting proper and timely healthcare. There is a necessity to consider the cultural beliefs of different ethnic communities before designing any educational protocol or guideline. Educational protocol or guidelines which respect the local cultural beliefs and stimulate the utilization of their locally available facilities can be easily accepted and would be more suitable to achieve the objectives

    Perception of community pharmacy personnel towards patient counseling and continuing pharmacy education programs in Aden, Yemen

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    Ā© 2018, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved. Introduction: Patient counseling is a major component of pharmaceutical care, especially in community pharmacy settings. However, most community pharmacists still do not offer patient-oriented services. Despite the beneficial role of community pharmacists, research examining their roles and responsibilities in developing countries like Yemen is lacking. Aim: To assess the community pharmacy personnelā€™s perceptions towards patient counseling and to recognise the major barriers to successful counseling; and to assess their perception towards continuing pharmacy education programs in Aden. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 community pharmacy personnel in Aden using a self-administered, structured questionnaire. Data were collected regarding community pharmacy personnelā€™s knowledge, attitude, and their perception about patientsā€™ attitude concerning patient counseling and respondentsā€™ attitude toward the continuing pharmacy education. Results: The majority of the respondents had a positive attitude towards patient counseling (85%) and continuing pharmacy education (94.0%); dose and frequency (43.0%), duration (34.0%) and indication (11.5%) were the major information mentioned while counseling their patients. Lack of patient interest (47.0%), lack of knowledge (20.0%) and lack of time (15.5%) were the major barriers towards counseling. Conclusion: The present study showed that most community pharmacy personnel in Aden, Yemen had a positive perception towords patient counseling and continuing pharmacy education program

    Response of extensively drug resistant salmonella typhi to treatment with meropenem and azithromycin, in Pakistan

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    Introduction: Salmonella Typhi is one of the leading health problems in Pakistan. With the emergence of extensively drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi, treatment options are limited. Here we report the clinical manifestations and the response to treatment of patients with XDR Typhoid fever. The patients were treated with either Meropenem or Azithromycin or a combination of both.Methods: We reviewed the records of culture confirmed XDR typhoid who visited Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi and Aga Khan Secondary Care Hospital, Hyderabad from April 2017 to June 2018. Symptoms developed during disease, unplanned treatment extension and complications developed while on antimicrobials was recorded. Means with standard deviation were calculated for duration of treatment, time to defervescence, and cost of treatment.Results: Records of 81 culture confirmed XDR typhoid patients admitted at the AKU hospitals were reviewed. Most, (n = 45; 56%) were male. Mean age of the cases was 8.03 years with range (1-40). About three quarter (n = 66) of the patients were treated as inpatient. Fever and vomiting were the most common symptoms at the time of presentation. Oral azithromycin alone (n = 22; 27%), intravenous meropenem alone (n = 20; 25%), or a combination of azithromycin and meropenem (n = 39; 48%) were the options used for treatment. Average (95% confidence interval) time to defervescence was 7.1(5.5-8.6), 6.7(4.7-8.7), and 6.7(5.5-7.9) days for each treatment option respectively whereas there were 1,0 and 3 treatment failures in each treatment option respectively. Average cost of treatment per day for azithromycin was US5.87whereasitwasUS5.87 whereas it was US88.46 for meropenem.Conclusion: Patients treated with either Azithromycin, Meropenem alone or in combination showed similar time to defervescence. Because of the lower cost of azithromycin, it is preferable in lower socio-economic areas. Background estimates for power calculation can be made for more robust clinical trials using this observational data

    Assessment of Parentsā€™ Perceptions of Childhood Immunization: a Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan

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    Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions, with considerable impacts on peopleā€™s health. Parentsā€™ perception of their knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction is an important factor, as they may be targeted by interventions for better immunization coverage. Therefore, this study aimed to assess parentsā€™ perceptions in terms of their knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction of the immunization of their children aged less than two years of age, in two cities of Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the vicinity of Rawalpindi and Islamabad from March to August 2019. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for the data collection on a convenient sample of parents. The questionnaire was hand-delivered to the parents by data collectors. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis via SPSS version 22. A total of n = 382 respondents were included in the data analysis. Statistically significant differences were found between the parentsā€™ knowledge scores and their education levels and monthly incomes (p < 0.05). Parents with masterā€™s education degrees and low monthly incomes had significantly better knowledge (p < 0.05). Additionally, 96.85% of the respondents believed that child immunization was important. In addition, more than half of the respondents (57.58%) thought that the affordability of vaccines was a principal factor for delays in immunization. Although the parentsā€™ knowledge regarding the immunization of their children was not adequate, they had positive perceptions toward it

    Types of glaucoma in a university health centre in Alā€‘Ahsa, Saudi Arabia: a pilot study

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    Objective: The objective was to assess the profile of different types of glaucoma in a University Health Centre in Alā€‘Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study in which the files of the patients at King Faisal University Health Centre were reviewed. The data collected included: Age, sex, race, visual acuity, the slit lamp examination findings, the intraocular pressure (IOP) as the average of 3 readings, the cupā€‘toā€‘disc ratio (CDR), the visual field changes, and the details of treatment received.Results: Eighty glaucomatous eyes from 50 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 54.8 Ā± 12.7 years, and the mean IOP was 19 Ā± 3.9 mmHg that ranged from 11 to 28 mmHg. The mean CDR mean was 0.48 Ā± 0.16 that ranged between 0.3 and 0.9. Ninetyā€‘one percent of the visual field defects were arcuate scotomata. Primary openā€‘angle glaucoma (POAG) (60%) was the most predominant type of glaucoma, followed by primary angle closure glaucoma (ACG) (21.3%), secondary OAG (7.5%), and secondary ACG (6.3%). As for the antiā€‘glaucoma medications, 88% of the studied patients were on more than one medicine.Conclusion: This pilot study has demonstrated that POAG may be the predominant type of glaucoma in Alā€‘Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Apopulationā€‘based study with a larger sample size is warranted to confirm the outcome and to provide a baseline data on the prevalence of types of glaucoma in this region of KSA.Keywords: Glaucoma, glaucoma types, prevalence, Saudi Arabi

    Assessment of Parentsā€™ Perceptions of Childhood Immunization: A Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan

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    Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions, with considerable impacts on peopleā€™s health. Parentsā€™ perception of their knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction is an important factor, as they may be targeted by interventions for better immunization coverage. Therefore, this study aimed to assess parentsā€™ perceptions in terms of their knowledge, attitude, and satisfaction of the immunization of their children aged less than two years of age, in two cities of Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the vicinity of Rawalpindi and Islamabad from March to August 2019. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for the data collection on a convenient sample of parents. The questionnaire was hand-delivered to the parents by data collectors. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis via SPSS version 22. A total of n = 382 respondents were included in the data analysis. Statistically significant differences were found between the parentsā€™ knowledge scores and their education levels and monthly incomes (p < 0.05). Parents with masterā€™s education degrees and low monthly incomes had significantly better knowledge (p < 0.05). Additionally, 96.85% of the respondents believed that child immunization was important. In addition, more than half of the respondents (57.58%) thought that the affordability of vaccines was a principal factor for delays in immunization. Although the parentsā€™ knowledge regarding the immunization of their children was not adequate, they had positive perceptions toward it

    Synthesis, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation targeting main protease (Mpro) of new, Thiazole clubbed pyridine scaffolds as potential COVID-19 inhibitors

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    Many biological activities of pyridine and thiazole derivatives have been reported, including antiviral activity and, more recently, as COVID-19 inhibitors. Thus, in this paper, we designed, synthesized, and characterized a novel series of N-aminothiazole-hydrazineethyl-pyridines, beginning with a Nā€²-(1-(pyridine-3-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothiohydrazide derivative and various hydrazonoyl chlorides and phenacyl bromides. Their Schiff bases were prepared from the condensation of N-aminothiazole derivatives with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. FTIR, MS, NMR, and elemental studies were used to identify new products. The binding energy for non-bonding interactions between the ligand (studied compounds) and receptor was determined using molecular docking against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB code: 6LU7). Finally, the best docked pose with highest binding energy (8a = āˆ’8.6 kcal/mol) was selected for further molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies to verify the outcomes and comprehend the thermodynamic properties of the binding. Through additional in vitro and in vivo research on the newly synthesized chemicals, it is envisaged that the achieved results will represent a significant advancement in the fight against COVID-19
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