Implementation of P-type black silicon with high aspect ratio for optoelectronics applications

Black Silicon (BSi) is a semiconductor with a surface modified to get a very low reflectivity and correspondingly high absorption of visible light. P-type <100> silicon wafers were used to prepare very low reflecting samples. These samples may use as substrates in optoelectronic applications. Electrochemical etching at different etching current, and time were applied. B-silicon is chemically equal to normal silicon, differs in surface treatment that changes a morphology. This special morphology is demanded for absorption enhancement which involves maximum light absorption. Surface roughness is done by texturing or trenching a silicon wafer surface. As these structures are in place, and as they are small enough, incident light will be more absorbed and less reflected, this is what gives black silicon its name. BSi was characterized by (FESEM), structural analysis indicates that BS layers were formed. The porosity was in the range of (10–40) % and it is dependent on etching time and etching current value. Etching density is 0.1073/mm2. Reflection analysis shows satisfying minimum reflectivity spectrum with the intensity of peaks decrease and red shifted with increasing the etching current. A peak of the Photoluminescence ranges about 360 nm, PL peaks are blue shifted and proportional to etching current. The band gap energy ranged from 2 to 3.4 eV, it is affected with porous morphology and directly proportional to etching current value

Speak Up! Community, Lembaga Pelatihan Keorganisasian bagi Mahasiswa dan Pelajar untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berorganisasi, Berbicara, dan Menulis di Kota Surakarta

Kebutuhan akan kemampuan beroganisasi, berbicara di hadapan publik, membangun relasi dan tulis-menulis menjadi tren di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Kesadaran akan persaingan global menjadi titik tolak perubahan pola pikir masyarakat indonesia, terutama golongan muda untuk mempelajari dan menguasai kemampuan-kemampuan diatas. Berbagai lembaga-lembaga pelatihan pun bermunculan, mencoba menjawab berbagai kebutuhan yang diinginkan golongan muda ini, mulai dari pelatihan untuk memunculkan motivasi, kewirausahaan, hingga pelatihan kemampuan kerja seperti pemrograman komputer atau akuntansi. Akan tetapi, belum ada lembaga pelatihan yang fokus untuk menciptakan generasi yang menguasai dasar-dasar organisasi, berbicara di hadapan publik dan membangun jaringan, beberapa masih berkutat pada tataran pembangunan opini, atau pemberian kemampuan kerja, sedangkan pendayagunaan kemampuan organisasional belum umum dikenal, padahal hal ini tidak bisa didapatkan dengan kurikulum-kurikulum yang dibuat lembaga pelatihan semacam itu. Untuk menjawab kebutuhan global, dan kebutuhan golongan muda Indonesia, mutlak bahwa sebuah lembaga pelatihan professional yang fokus pada pelatihan kemampuan organisasioal diperlukan. Dimulai dari Kota Surakarta, kota pergerakan, diharapkan dengan kurikulum yang difokuskan untuk mengenal lebih jauh dunia manajerial, dunia organisasi, dan dunia tulis menulis, diharapkan tercetak generasi baru yang memiliki kemampuan kerja dan kemampuan organisasional yang berimbang. Pengadaan praktik-praktik lapangan di lingkungan organiasi, praktik-praktik menulis, praktik-praktik berbicara di hadapan publik, diharapkan dapat menghadirkan atmosfer seperti yang dialami ketika memasuki dunia manajerial-organisasional yang sebenarnya. Pelatihan intensif dengan pemateri yang berpengalaman, dan format mentoring diharapkan dapat memunculkan interaksi intens dan nuansa kekeluargaan sehingga pembelajaran lebih menyenangkan. Tentu saja, Indonesia akan lebih siap menghadapi persaingan global dengan sumber daya manusia yang ideal, sesuai dengant tajuk “generasi emas Indonesia

An Analytical Investigation of Thermal Buckling Behavior of Composite Plates Reinforced by Carbon Nano Particles

The research used analytical and numerical methods to test thermal buckling activity for a composite plate structure with a range of Nano fractions. Experimental program with mechanical properties for the Nano composites were carried out and have been validated from previous work. In addition, both mechanical and thermal expansions were tested from previous work experimentally and used in numerical and analytical methods by the Nano composite. The general motion equation for thermal buckling load was derived and then, the results were compared with the numerical results. The analysis showed that the average outcome error was not greater (2.49%). Ultimately, the results showed that the thermal effect results in a buckling of Nano particle strengthening (1%) volume fraction for the adjusted structure of the plate leads to increase thermal buckling strength (63,4%). This achievement modified a high thermal buckling strength with low percentage of Nano volume fraction compared to the previous work in this field

Cytogenetic Investigations and Y-Chromosome Microdeletion Screening in some Infertile Kurdish males In Erbil province/ Iraq

لعقم هو مرض يصيب الجهاز التناسلي يُعرف بالفشل في تحقيق الحمل السريري بعد 12 شهرًا أو أكثر من الجماع المنتظم غير المحمي. في جميع أنحاء العالم ، يؤثر العقم على ما يقرب من 15٪ من جميع الأزواج الذين يحاولون الإنجاب. يعد العقم عند الرجال مسؤولاً عن حوالي 50٪ من حالات العقم عامة. تشوهات الكروموسومات وحذف الكروموسوم Y هي الأسباب الجينية الأكثر شيوعًا لعقم الذكور، أذ تعد متلازمة كلاينفيلتر و الحذف الصغير لعامل فقد النطاف على كروموسوم Y من اهمهما. هدف هذه الدراسة هو التحري عن و مدى انتشار كلاً من التشوهات الكروموسومية وعمليات الحذف الدقيقة على كروموسوم Y في 296 رجلاً كرديًا يعانون من العقم في محافظة أربيل ، من بينهم 289 مريضًا يعانون من نقص النطاف (97.6٪) و 7 مرضى يعانون من قلة النطاف الشديدة (2.4٪) و 50 من الرجال الأصحاء كمجموعة مقارنة. وجد ان 29 مريضا (9.8٪) لديهم تشوهات كروموسومية مختلفة. تم العثور على تشوهات الكروموسومات الأكثر شيوعًا في الكروموسومات الجنسية (93.1٪ ؛ 29/27) ، من بين هذه التشوهات 20 مريضًا (69٪) لديهم متلازمة كلاينفيلتر النمط النووي 47,XXY ، 4 مرضى (13.8٪) لديهم نمط 45X0/46, Xder(Y)، كان لدى مريضان نمط XXY t(11;22)(q25;q13)   وكان لدى مريض واحد (3.4٪) نمط متلازمة تيرنر Mosaic Turner 46XY/45X0. تم اكتشاف تشوهات الكروموسومات الجسمية (6.9٪ ؛ 2/29) في مريضين 45 XY rob (13;14) (q10;q10).  تم العثور على الحذف الصغير لكروموسوم Y في 10 من 289 مريضًا يعانون من فقد النطاف (3.5٪) ، ثلاثة منهم (30٪) لديهم حذف دقيق في منطقة AZFc ، 3 منهم (30٪) لديهم حذف دقيق في منطقة AZFb ، كما كان لدى 3 مرضى آخرين الحذف الصغير في كل من المنطقة من  AZFb و  AZFc ، والمريض الأخير (10٪) كان لديه عمليات حذف صغيرة في المنطقة a و b و AZFc, AZFb, AZFa) c). وكشفت هذه الدراسة  ان كلا من تشوهات الكروموسومات و الحذف الصغير لكروموسوم  Yوجد في 3 مرضى.Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Worldwide, infertility affects approximately 15% of all couples trying to conceive. Male infertility is responsible for about 50% of the infertility cases. Chromosomal abnormalities and Y-chromosome microdeletions are the most common genetic causes of male infertility. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent factor of the chromosomal abnormality in the infertile male. Azoospermia Factor (AZF) microdeletions located on the Y chromosome are one of the recurrent genetic cause of male infertility. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of chromosomal anomalies and AZF microdeletions in 296 infertile Kurdish men in Erbil province, 289 patients diagnosed as azoospermia (97.6%) and 7 patients as severe oligozoospermia (2.4%) and 50 healthy men as control group. Twenty nine patients (9.8%) had various chromosomal abnormalities. The most common chromosomal abnormalities were found in sex chromosomes (93.1%; 29/27),  among these abnormalities 20 patients (69%) had Klinefelter syndrome 47,XXY karyotype, 4 patients (13.8%) had 45X0/46, Xder(Y), 2 patients (6.9%) had XXY t(11;22)(q25;q13) and 1 patients (3.4%) had Mosaic Turner syndrome 46XY/45X0. The autosomal chromosomal abnormalities (6.9%; 2/29) detected in 2 patients 45, XY, rob (13;14) (q10;q10). Y chromosome microdeletions were found in 10 of 289 patients with azoospermia (3.5%), three of them (30%) had microdeletions in the AZFc region, 3 of them (30%) had microdeletions in the AZFb region, also other 3 patients had microdeletions in the b and c of AZF (AZF b,c) region, and the final one patient (10%) had microdeletions in the all a, b and c (AZF a,b,c) region. Combined Y chromosome microdeletions and chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 3 patients

Study of some biochemical parameters such as (Total serum bilirubin , Serum GOT , Serum GPT , Serum calcium and Serum ferritin) in thalassemia Patients

Background: Thalassemia is a major health problem in developing and developed countries and suffers from many children of school age. Objective:Study of some chemical parameters such as serum bilirubin and some liver enzymes such as GOT, GPT as well as calcium and ferritin in patients with thalassemia. Patients and Methods: Analysis was performed on 109 patients with thalassemia in the thalassemia unit at Ibn al-Baladi Hospital for Women and Children in Baghdad Governorate. By spectrophotometer (Total serum bilirubin, GOT, GPT, serum calcium, hemoglobin) and vides device for serum fretin. Results:Showed changes in thalassemia patients with an increase in bilirubin causing hyperbilirubinemia, an increase in GOT and GPT, decreased serum calcium levels in some thalassemia patients, and reduced hemoglobin density and reduced cell size, as well as increased serum ferrite in patients with thalassemia due to frequent blood transfusion. Conclusion: This study shows an increase in blood vessels in all ages in both sexes due to the breakdown of red blood cells and the repeated blood transfusion, which causes the accumulation of iron in the body and the increase of enzymes and liver secretions (GOT, GPT) due to hepatic hypertrophy as well as increased bilirubin and calcium deficiency in serum thalassemia patients

Laringeal osteom: Laringeal obstrüksiyonun nadir bir nedeni

Osteomlar selim, tipik olarak yavaş büyüyen, belirgin sınırlı, yoğun siklerotik kemik tümörleridir. Laringeal osteom çok enderdir. Biz bu çalışmamızda çok ender görülen laringeal osteomlu bir olgu sunuyoruz. Olgunun 3 yıldır ses kısıklığı ve 1 aydır nefes darlığı şikayeti vardı. İndirekt larinks muayenesinde, laringeal boşluğu dolduran supraglottik kitle vardı. Kitle mikrolaringoskopik aletler kullanılarak tam olarak çıkarıldı. Operasyon sonrası hastanın şikayetleri tam olarak geriledi. Laringeal osteomlu olgu tedavisi ile literatür eşliğinde sunulmuştur.Osteomas are benign, typically slow-growing tumors composed of densely sclerotic, well circumscribed bone. Laryngeal osteomas are extremely rare. We report an extremely rare case of laryngeal osteoma. The patient had complaints ofdysphonia for 3 years and, dyspnea for 1 month. There was a supraglottic mass filling the laryngeal lumen on indirect laryngoscopic examination. Mass was completely excised using microlaryngoscopic instruments. After the operation, the patient's complaints were completely resolved. Case reports and a review of the world literature concerning laryngeal osteoma and treatment are presented

Intracranial complications of chronic suppurative otitis media

Amaç: Kronik süpüratif otitis mediaya (KSOM) bağlı kafa içi komplikasyonların semptom ve bulguları, dağılım özellikleri, tanı ve tedavi yaklaşımlarını ve elde edilen sonuçları değerlendirmek. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Kronik süpüratif otitis mediaya bağlı kafa içi komplikasyonu tanısı alan 42 olgunun (27 erkek, 15 kadın; ort. yaş 31.3; dağılım 9-74) verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar; yaş, cinsiyet, başvuru semptomları, otoskopik muayene bulguları, görülen komplikasyonlar, radyolojik inceleme, tedavi yöntemleri ve ameliyat bulguları yönünden değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Komplikasyonların görüldüğü en sık yaş grubu 31-40 yaş (%33.3) idi. Şiddetli baş ağrısı, bulantı-kusma, kulak ağrısı, pürülan kulak akıntısı ve ateş sık görülen semptom ve bulgulardı. Menenjit en sık görülen (15 hasta, %35.7) komplikasyondu. Beyin absesi (14 hasta, %33.3) ve lateral sinüs trombozu (10 hasta, %23.8) ikinci ve üçüncü sıklıkta görülen komplikasyonlardı. Olguların tümünde genel mortalite oranı %2.4 iken (tanı anında bilinci kapalı olan bir hasta), beyin abseli olgularda bu oran %7.1 idi. Sonuç: Kronik süpüratif otitis mediaya bağlı kafa içi komplikasyonları, yaşamı tehdit eden özelliği nedeniyle hala ciddi bir sorundur. Hastanın tanı anındaki bilinç düzeyi prognozu belirleyen önemli bir faktör olduğundan, erken tanı için aktif KSOM'li bir hastada şiddetli baş ağrısı, bulantı-kusma, kulak ağrısı ve ateş gibi semptom ve bulguların varlığında kafa içi komplikasyonu mutlaka hatırlanmalı ve ileri inceleme yapılmalıdır.Objectives: To evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms, diagnosis-treatments, distributions and outcomes of patients with intracranial complications due to chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Patients and Methods: Data of 42 patients (27 males, 15 gemales; mean age 31.3 years; range 9 to 74 years) diagnosed as intracranial complication due to CSOM were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were investigated on the basis of age, sex, symptoms, findings of otoscopic examination, complications, radiological evaluations, methods of management and findings at the operation. Results: Complications occurred predominantly in patients between 31 and 40 years of age (33.3%). Severe headache, nausea-vomiting, otalgia, purulent otorrhea and fever were the most common signs and symptoms. Meningitis was the most common (15 patients, 35.7%), brain abscess (14 patients, 33.3%) and lateral sinus thrombosis (10 patients, 23.8%) were second and third common complications. The overall mortality rate was 2.4% (in one patient who was comatose on admission), whereas it was 7.1% for patients with brain abscess. Conclusion: Intracranial complications of CSOM are still a serious problem due to life-threatening condition. If a patient with active CSOM has severe headache, nausea-vomiting, otalgia and fever, otogenic intracranial complication should be considered, and detailed evaluation should be performed for early diagnosis since the level of consciousness on admission is an important prognostic factor

Tracking of Ceotaneous Leishmaniasis by Parasitological, Molecular and Biochemical Analysis

Abstract:Background: In areas of endemicity without sufficient laboratory infrastructure, identification of Leishmaniaparasites is useful for control and preventive plan and very important since species differentiation is instrumental in selection of optimal therapy and treatment regimens.Aim: The present study was performed to identify the species and strain of Leishmaniaparasiteisolated from different endemic areas .Materials and Methods: In a consecutive series of 104 patients referred for a suspected CL lesion during October 0212 to December 0210 in five Iraqi provinces, direct smear and culture followed by molecular and biochemical analysis were done using nested-PCR and cellulose acetate electrophoresis

Possible Ototoxic Effects of Topical Rifamycin Application: An Electrophysiological and Ultrastructural Study

Objective:This study aimed to investigate possible ototoxicity associated with topical rifamycin application via electrophysiological tests and ultrastructural examinations.Methods:Electrophysiological assessment was performed with tympanometry, auditory brainstem response (ABR), and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements. This study was conducted on 40 ears of 20 guinea pigs that were detected to have normal hearing thresholds. The animals were randomly assigned to three groups: Group 1 (n=12) received 0.1 mL rifamycin, Group 2 (n=8) received 0.1 ml gentamycin, and Group 3 (n=20) received 0.1 mL physiological saline. The antibiotics and saline solutions were administered via intratympanic injections. After five injections every other day, electrophysiological tests were performed again on the 15th day. After electrophysiological measurements, the temporal bones of all guinea pigs were prepared for ultrastructural examinations and the cochlear surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results:The animals in group 3 did not show a statistically significant change in their DPOAE signal/noise ratio (SNR) or ABR thresholds (p>0.05). In groups 1 and 2, the reduction in the DPOAE SNR and the increase in the ABR threshold were statistically significant (p0.05).Conclusion:The results indicate that rifamycin application to the middle ears of guinea pigs has mild ototoxic effects on their inner ears

Evaluation of surgical and histopathologic results of patients operated for parotid gland tumor

Amaç: Parotis tümörü ile kliniğimize başvuran olguları retrospektif olarak incelemek; uygulanan cerrahi işlemleri, histopatolojik sonuçları, görülme oranlarını, takip sürelerini ve komplikasyonları değerlendirmek. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2000 ile Mayıs 2008 tarihleri arasında kulak önünde ve/veya kulak altında şişlik şikayeti ile başvuran 56 hasta (38 erkek, 18 kadın; ort. yaş 52.7; dağılım 7-86) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, ameliyat şekli, ameliyat sonrası histopatolojik sonuçları ve takip süreleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Bir erkek olgu iki taraflı lezyon nedeniyle iki kez ameliyat oldu. Ameliyat sonrası histopatoloji sonuçlarına göre olguların 37'si selim (%64.9), 20'si habis (%35.1) idi. Selim tümör olarak pleomorfik adenom (13 olgu) ve Whartin tümörü (13 olgu) eşit sayıda saptandı. Cerrahi yöntem olarak parsiyel yüzeyel parotidektomi, yüzeyel parotidektomi veya total parotidektomi uygulandı. Bu tedaviye ek olarak bazı olgularda boyun diseksiyonu uygulandı. En sık görülen komplikasyon geçici fasyal sinir parezisi idi. Sonuç: Parotis bezi tümörlerinin tedavisinde selim olanlarda yüzeyel veya parsiyel yüzeyel parotidektomi yeterli bir tedavidir. Habis tümörlerde ise yüzeyel, total parotidektomi uygulanmalı, boyun kitlesi olan olgulara boyun diseksiyonu, fasyal sinir tutulu olgularda ise fasyal sinir dallarının rezeksiyonları ve onarımları yapılmalıdır. Tümör tipine göre ameliyat sonrası radyoterapi ve kemoterapi tedaviye eklenmelidir.Objectives: To investigate the patients with parotid tumors retrospectively and to evaluate the surgical procedure, histopathologic results, incidence, follow-up time and complications. Patients and Methods: The study included 56 patients (38 males, 18 females; mean age 52.7 years; range 7 to 86 years) who presented with a mass below or in front of the ear between January 2000 and May 2008. The data regarding patient age, sex, surgical procedure, postoperative histopathologic results and follow-up time were recorded. Results: One of the male patients underwent operation twice because of the bilateral parotid mass. According to the postoperative histopathologic results, 37 of the cases were benign (64.9%), and 20 of them were malign (35.1%). Pleomorphic adenoma (13 patients) and Whartin tumor (13 patients) incidence were similar. Partial superficial parotidectomy, superficial parotidectomy, and total parotidectomy were performed. In addition, some of the patients underwent neck dissection. The most frequent complication was transient facial nerve paresis. Conclusion: For the management of benign parotid gland tumors, superficial or partial superficial parotidectomy is a sufficient surgery. For malign tumors, superficial or total parotidectomy; in cases with neck masses, neck dissection; and in cases involving the facial nerve, facial nerve resection and reconstruction should be performed. According to the type of tumor, postoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy should be performed as well