ANALISIS MEMBACA PERMULAAN DI KELAS III SEKOLAH DASAR (Studi Kasus di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Nyantong)

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena masih terdapat beberapa peserta didik yang masih kesulitan dalam membaca permulaan di kelas III SDN Nyantong. Faktor tersebut terjadi dikarenakan tidak efektifnya pembelajaran dilakukan secara tatap maya, faktor pendukung dari orang tua serta masa peralihan dari pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan membaca permulaan, kesulitan yang dihadapi, serta solusi yang diberikan guru perihal kesulitan yang dihadapi dalam membaca permulaan. Proses analisis data dilakukan dengan menganalisi berupa data hasil observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi di kelas III SDN Nyantong. Adapun subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu keseluruhan siswa kelas III sekolah dasar, kemudian fokus kajiannya pada siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam membaca permulaan, guru dan kepala sekolah SDN Nyatong. Hasil menunjukan bahwa kemampuan membaca permulaan di kelas III hanya dikuasi oleh 32 peserta didik yakni; kemampuan mengidentifikasi huruf (vocal, konsonan dan diftong), mengidentifikasi kata, merangkai susunan kata, membaca kata yang tidak mempunyai arti, membaca dengan nyaring serta pemahaman membaca. Kesulitan yang dihadapi; : (1) mengidentifikasi huruf abjad, vocal, konsonan dan diftong, , (2) membaca kata dengan indicator (mengidentifikasi kata dan merangkai susunan kata), (3) kata yang tidak mempunyai arti dan (4) tidak lancar dalam membaca nyaring dan tidak memahami isi bacaan yang telah dibaca. Solusi yang diberikan guru, yakni; jam tambahan khusus, menggunakan media yang menarik dan efektif, memberikan perhatian khusus serta menggunakan buku khusus. This research is motivated because there are still some students who still have difficulty in reading the beginning in grade III SDN Nyantong. This factor occurred due to the ineffectiveness of virtual face-to-face learning, supporting factors from parents and the transition period from the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe the ability to read the beginning, the difficulties faced, and the solutions given by teachers regarding the difficulties faced in reading the beginning. The data analysis process was carried out by analyzing data from observations, interviews and documentation studies in grade III SDN Nyantong. The subjects in this study are the subjects in this study, namely all grade III elementary school students, then the focus of the study is on students who have difficulty in reading the beginning, teachers and principals of SDN Nyatong. The results showed that the initial reading ability in grade III was only mastered by 32 students, namely; Ability to identify letters (vowels, consonants and diphthongs), identify words, string words, read meaningless words, read aloud and reading comprehension. Difficulties encountered;(1) identify letters of the alphabet, vowels, consonants and diphthongs, (2) read words with indicators (identify words and string together word arrangements), (3) words that have no meaning and (4) are not fluent in reading aloud and do not understand the content of the reading that has been read. The solutions provided by the teacher, namely; special extra hours, using interesting and effective media, paying special attention as well as using special books. Keywords: difficulty, reading the beginnin

Structure of a nucleosome-bound MuvB transcription factor complex reveals DNA remodelling.

Genes encoding the core cell cycle machinery are transcriptionally regulated by the MuvB family of protein complexes in a cell cycle-specific manner. Complexes of MuvB with the transcription factors B-MYB and FOXM1 activate mitotic genes during cell proliferation. The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by these complexes are still poorly characterised. Here, we combine biochemical analysis and in vitro reconstitution, with structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy and cross-linking mass spectrometry, to functionally examine these complexes. We find that the MuvB:B-MYB complex binds and remodels nucleosomes, thereby exposing nucleosomal DNA. This remodelling activity is supported by B-MYB which directly binds the remodelled DNA. Given the remodelling activity on the nucleosome, we propose that the MuvB:B-MYB complex functions as a pioneer transcription factor complex. In this work, we rationalise prior biochemical and cellular studies and provide a molecular framework of interactions on a protein complex that is key for cell cycle regulation

Gasdermin D Hypermethylation Inhibits Pyroptosis And LPS-Induced IL-1β Release From NK92 Cells

INTRODUCTION: Although natural killer (NK) are major cells used to treat cancer patients, recent clinical trials showed that NK92 cells can be also used for the same purpose due to their high anti-tumor activity. Here, we examined whether these cells might be inflammatory due to the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and whether the anti-inflammatory molecules dimethyl fumarate (DMF), or monomethyl fumarate (MMF) impair this activity. METHODS: NK92 cells were examined for the synthesis and release of IL-1β utilizing RT-PCR and ELISA assay, respectively. The expression of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (HCA)1, HCA2 and HCA3 was detected by immunoblotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR assays. The activation of caspase-1 and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) was evaluated by immunoblot assay. Pyroptosis was demonstrated by immunofluorescence imaging. Expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) mRNA was determined by whole transcriptome and immunoblot analyses. RESULTS: LPS-induced the release of IL-1β from NK92 cells, whereas DMF or MMF inhibited this induction. The effect of these drugs was due to inhibiting the conversion of procaspase-1 into active caspase-1. NK92 cells highly expressed GSDMD, a pyroptotic-mediated molecule. However, LPS induced the distribution of GSDMD into the cell membranes, corroborated with the presence of pyroptotic bodies, an activity that was inhibited by DMF or MMF. These molecule also inhibited the generation of GSDMD through DNMT-mediated hypermethylation of the promoter region of GSDMD gene. These results were supported by increased expression of DNMTs mRNA as determined by whole transcriptome analysis. DISCUSSION: Our results are the first to show that NK92 cells utilize GSDMD pathway to release IL-1β. Further, DMF and MMF which were previously shown to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity, also inhibit the inflammatory effects of these cells, making them most suitable for treating cancer patients

APLIKASI PUPUK KOMPOS ECENG GONDOK DAN MIKORIZA BERPENGARUH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN TEMBAKAU DELI (Nicotiana tabaccum L.)

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2016 sampai dengan bulan April 2016 di kebun percobaan BPTD PTP Nusantara II Jl. Kesuma No. 6 Sampali Kabupaten Deli Serdang dengan ketinggian tempat + 25 mdpl. Metoda penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan dua faktor, faktor pertama yaitu pemberian pupuk kompos eceng gondok (P) terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu P1 = 300 g/polibeg, P2 = 600 g/polibeg dan P3 = 900 g/polibeg. Faktor kedua yaitu pupuk Mikoriza (M), terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu M0 = tanpa pupuk Mikoriza (Kontrol), M1 = 7,5 g/polibeg dan M2 = 15 g/polibeg. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk kompos eceng gondok memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap tanaman tembakau Deli pada umur 8 MSPT pada parameter tinggi tanaman tertinggi 68,43 cm, jumlah daun terbanyak 13,30 helai, luas daun terluas 172,24 cm2, diameter batang 0,92 mm, panjang akar 26,58 cm, berat basah tanaman 125,61 g dan berat kering tanaman 19,66 g. Aplikasi pupuk Mikoriza dan interaksi memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata terhadap semua parameter pengamatan yang diukur

Penegakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Penambangan Pasir Secara Ilegal

Mining activities has grown very much, a given result is very given an advantage for the miners. Nevertheless, activities which promise this also also bring an adverse impact on man and the environment when this activity was undertaken not based on the regulation that has been set. Mining illegally also occurred at the sandbanks Parangtritis, sandbanks I know about the Parangtritis are unique and useful for maintained because it is being very specific with the form of a crescent or bacon and is the one and only sandbanks found in the southeast Asia. Arrangement about mining activities that environmentally sound has set out in various regulation, but this appears to have not run as expected, so may is still needed law enforcement tighter and clear to mining sand conducted an illegal. The research was conducted by juridical normative is the approach that was undertaken based on material law by means of reviewing the theory, the concept, a normative law and the regulatory legislation that deals with this research. This approach is known the approach literature, namely by studying books, regulation and other documents related to this research. Criminal law enforcement of the mining sand illegally in sandbanks Parangtritis has started to walk but not yet optimal .The laws governing about mining sand has been is in a few rules, but the law enforcement not is the responsibility of law enforcement officials just, law enforcement is also a responsibility community in an effort to ahead and recover crimes sand mining illegally. Obstacles faced by law enforcement in dealing with crimes sand mining illegal in sandbanks Parangtritis are the lack of legal awareness to the community, economic factors, the lack of knowledge of the community towards the impact of mining sand illegally and factors law enforcement. Key word: Criminal law; Sand Mining; Illega

Rabies molecular virology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment

Rabies is an avertable viral disease caused by the rabid animal to the warm blooded animals (zoonotic) especially human. Rabies occurs in more than 150 countries and territories. According to an estimation by WHO, almost 55,000 people die because of rabies every year. The Dogs are the major reason behind this, approximately 99% human deaths caused by dog's bites. Developing and under developing countries, both are the victims of rabies. With the post-exposure preventive regimes, 327,000 people can prevent this disease annually

Fusarium graminearum in a Papilloma Virus Infected Friesian Bull in Vom, Nigeria: Case Report

Importation of exotic cattle to improve the yield and productivityof the local 'White Fulani' breed of cattle has been on the rise inNigeria. The problem most farmers faces with the Friesian hasalways been the adaptation to the weather and endemic diseaseconditions in Nigeria. Fungal infections represent an importantcomplication for immunosuppressed animals and are associatedwith high morbidity and mortality (De Pauw and Meunier, 1999).Fusarium is one of the most important fungal genera, whichincludes many species that are pathogenic to plants and responsible for a broad range of diseases while others are highly mycotoxigenic (Viquez et al., ) and some cause opportunistic infections in humans and in farm animals. Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae) is an importantpathogen of commercial crops such as wheat, maize, and rice.Infection with F. graminearum causes yield losses in grains anddegrades their nutritive, physical and chemical qualities, resultingin their being used for animal feed rather than for human consumption (Charmley et al., 1994). A contaminated crop can be salvaged by feeding it to livestock or poultry, but further losses may be incurred due to the negative effects of mycotoxins on animal performance. Potent toxins such as the estrogenic toxin zearalenone (F-2) have been reported by Vesonder and Hesseltine, (1980) but the most common mycotoxins produced byF. graminearum are deoxynivalenol (DON, also known as vomitoxin), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and nivalenol belonging to a group of compounds known as trichothecenes (Homdork et al., 2000; Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, CAST, 2003). These mycotoxins are known to diminish feed consumption in domestic livestock, especially swine (CAST 2003). Because of their apparent tolerance for higher levels of dietary DON, Fusarium-infested grains are often fed to cattle or sheep asopportunity feeds. This may be due to little or insufficient information describing the pathogenesis and the ability of this plant pathogen to survive as they move through the gastrointestinal tract of cattle or on a compromised skin (Kedar and Gemerlyn, 2008)

Silicon-based photonic integrated circuits for the mid-infrared

AbstractSilicon-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs) operating in the mid-infrared wavelength range are presented. Firstly, it is shown that the operation of the SOI-based waveguide circuits can be pushed beyond the telecom window till a wavelength of 4μm. Ge-on-Si based PICs are demonstrated for operation beyond 4μm wavelength. Low-loss waveguides and integrated spectrometers are reported for both the waveguide platforms. We also present our results on efficient thermo-optic phase shifters for germanium waveguide circuits

Association between proton pump inhibitor therapy and clostridium difficile infection: a contemporary systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract Introduction Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) acid-suppression therapy is associated with an increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Methods Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from 1990 to January 2012 for analytical studies that reported an adjusted effect estimate of the association between PPI use and CDI. We performed random-effect meta-analyses. We used the GRADE framework to interpret the findings. Results We identified 47 eligible citations (37 case-control and 14 cohort studies) with corresponding 51 effect estimates. The pooled OR was 1.65, 95% CI (1.47, 1.85), I2 = 89.9%, with evidence of publication bias suggested by a contour funnel plot. A novel regression based method was used to adjust for publication bias and resulted in an adjusted pooled OR of 1.51 (95% CI, 1.26–1.83). In a speculative analysis that assumes that this association is based on causality, and based on published baseline CDI incidence, the risk of CDI would be very low in the general population taking PPIs with an estimated NNH of 3925 at 1 year. Conclusions In this rigorously conducted systemic review and meta-analysis, we found very low quality evidence (GRADE class) for an association between PPI use and CDI that does not support a cause-effect relationship