El ácido fólico y su papel en la prevención de defectos del tubo neural y enfermedades no genéticas

Bacteriólogo (a)Pregrad

Análisis de la multidimensionalidad del brand equity para el sector bancario: un estudio en la generación Z

in the competitive scenario of the banking sector, marketing and branding activities have become a crucial element for the long-termsuccess of financial institutions. From the perspective of brand equity management, trust and loyalty are essential, not only in the operationalprocesses with users, but also in the consolidation of the brand as a strategic asset. The aim of this research was to analyse the multidimensionalityof brand equity for the banking sector from the perspective of Generation Z. A quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional study was carried out,using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis based on an instrument applied online to people belonging to this generational segment. Thefindings infer that brand equity in the banking sector aimed at Generation Z is made up of the following dimensions: brand loyalty and importance(BLI), perceived quality (PQ), brand association (BA), brand performance (BP) and brand awareness (BA). It is concluded that the bankingsector must continue to consolidate its brand equity as a strategic activity based on these dimensions, strengthening its brand positioning, marketshare and market orientation, ensuring an understanding of the needs, desires, and behaviours of Generation Z.en el escenario competitivo del sector bancario, las actividades de marketing y branding se han convertido en un elemento crucialpara el éxito a largo plazo de las instituciones financieras. Desde la gestión del brand equity, la confianza y la lealtad son esenciales, no solo enlos procesos operativos con los usuarios, sino en la consolidación de la marca como un activo estratégico. El objetivo de esta investigación fueanalizar la multidimensionalidad del brand equity para el sector bancario desde la perspectiva de la generación Z. Se desarrolla un estudio de tipocuantitativo, analítico y de corte transversal, utilizando el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio a partir de un instrumento aplicado deforma on line a personas pertenecientes a este segmento generacional. Los hallazgos infieren que el brand equity en el sector bancario dirigido ala generación Z está conformado por las siguientes dimensiones: fidelidad e importancia de la marca (FIM), calidad percibida (CP), asociación demarca (AM), rendimiento de la marca (RM) y conciencia de la marca (CM). Se concluye que el sector bancario debe seguir consolidando su brandequity como actividad estratégica a partir de dichas dimensiones, fortaleciendo el posicionamiento de sus marcas, su participación y su orientaciónal mercado, garantizando el entendimiento de las necesidades, deseos y comportamientos de la generación Z

¿Existieron vicios del razonamiento práctico en cuanto a la precipitación e inconsideración en el caso de la sentencia 01294 de 2018 del Consejo de Estado, analizado desde la prudencia política y jurídica?

13 p.A continuación, se planteará el caso de la ex representante a la cámara y senadora electa por el partido conservador colombiano Aida Merlano Rebolledo, quien perdió la investidura de su cargo en el año 2018 como consecuencia de la violación de los topes máximos de financiación de su campaña electoral, y se realizará un análisis detallado de los vicios del razonamiento prudencial de precipitación e inconsideración que se manifestaron tanto en su actuar como en el procedimiento judicial que se le realizó respectivamente. De esta manera, (y con los conceptos de los vicios del razonamiento ya entendidos) se aplicará lo establecido por prudencia jurídica y política en el caso en concreto para poder plantear una conclusión interpretativa objetiva sobre el actuar ético- moral de dicha mujer, y el por qué se expone que no fue el correcto, lo cual se espera de un jurista en el cual, los ciudadanos depositan su confianza para la buena administración de su país.Introducción Prudencia jurídica Prudencia política Resumen sentencia Vicios del razonamiento Conclusión Referencia

VIII Informe Estado de los Derechos de la Niñez y la Adolescencia en Costa Rica

El informe EDNA es gestionado por el Proyecto Estado de los Derechos de la Niñez y la Adolescencia (Proyecto EDNA), que es una actividad inscrita en la Vicerrectoría de Acción Social y de la Escuela de Estudios Generales y adscrito al Programa Institucional sobre los Derechos de la Niñez y la Adolescencia (PRIDENA), de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). El Proyecto EDNA tiene como objetivo realizar la coordinación académica para la elaboración y la divulgación de un informe sobre el curso del cumplimiento de los Derechos de la Niñez y la Adolescencia en Costa Rica, en el marco de un convenio de cooperación firmado con el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF).El VIII Informe del Estado de los Derechos de la Niñez y la Adolescencia ofrece un balance sobre la situación de los niños, niñas y adolescentes en Costa Rica, en el marco del vigésimo quinto aniversario de la ratificación de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño (CDN) por parte de Costa Rica, el 2 de septiembre de 1990.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Acción Social::Extensión Docent

Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence

Intelligence is highly heritable(1) and a major determinant of human health and well-being(2). Recent genome-wide meta-analyses have identified 24 genomic loci linked to variation in intelligence3-7, but much about its genetic underpinnings remains to be discovered. Here, we present a large-scale genetic association study of intelligence (n = 269,867), identifying 205 associated genomic loci (190 new) and 1,016 genes (939 new) via positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, chromatin interaction mapping, and gene-based association analysis. We find enrichment of genetic effects in conserved and coding regions and associations with 146 nonsynonymous exonic variants. Associated genes are strongly expressed in the brain, specifically in striatal medium spiny neurons and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Gene set analyses implicate pathways related to nervous system development and synaptic structure. We confirm previous strong genetic correlations with multiple health-related outcomes, and Mendelian randomization analysis results suggest protective effects of intelligence for Alzheimer's disease and ADHD and bidirectional causation with pleiotropic effects for schizophrenia. These results are a major step forward in understanding the neurobiology of cognitive function as well as genetically related neurological and psychiatric disorders.Peer reviewe

Adjunctive rifampicin for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (ARREST): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia is a common cause of severe community-acquired and hospital-acquired infection worldwide. We tested the hypothesis that adjunctive rifampicin would reduce bacteriologically confirmed treatment failure or disease recurrence, or death, by enhancing early S aureus killing, sterilising infected foci and blood faster, and reducing risks of dissemination and metastatic infection. METHODS: In this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults (≥18 years) with S aureus bacteraemia who had received ≤96 h of active antibiotic therapy were recruited from 29 UK hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) via a computer-generated sequential randomisation list to receive 2 weeks of adjunctive rifampicin (600 mg or 900 mg per day according to weight, oral or intravenous) versus identical placebo, together with standard antibiotic therapy. Randomisation was stratified by centre. Patients, investigators, and those caring for the patients were masked to group allocation. The primary outcome was time to bacteriologically confirmed treatment failure or disease recurrence, or death (all-cause), from randomisation to 12 weeks, adjudicated by an independent review committee masked to the treatment. Analysis was intention to treat. This trial was registered, number ISRCTN37666216, and is closed to new participants. FINDINGS: Between Dec 10, 2012, and Oct 25, 2016, 758 eligible participants were randomly assigned: 370 to rifampicin and 388 to placebo. 485 (64%) participants had community-acquired S aureus infections, and 132 (17%) had nosocomial S aureus infections. 47 (6%) had meticillin-resistant infections. 301 (40%) participants had an initial deep infection focus. Standard antibiotics were given for 29 (IQR 18-45) days; 619 (82%) participants received flucloxacillin. By week 12, 62 (17%) of participants who received rifampicin versus 71 (18%) who received placebo experienced treatment failure or disease recurrence, or died (absolute risk difference -1·4%, 95% CI -7·0 to 4·3; hazard ratio 0·96, 0·68-1·35, p=0·81). From randomisation to 12 weeks, no evidence of differences in serious (p=0·17) or grade 3-4 (p=0·36) adverse events were observed; however, 63 (17%) participants in the rifampicin group versus 39 (10%) in the placebo group had antibiotic or trial drug-modifying adverse events (p=0·004), and 24 (6%) versus six (2%) had drug interactions (p=0·0005). INTERPRETATION: Adjunctive rifampicin provided no overall benefit over standard antibiotic therapy in adults with S aureus bacteraemia. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment

Genome-wide association meta-analysis in 269,867 individuals identifies new genetic and functional links to intelligence

Intelligence is highly heritable1 and a major determinant of human health and well-being2. Recent genome-wide meta-analyses have identified 24 genomic loci linked to variation in intelligence3-7, but much about its genetic underpinnings remains to be discovered. Here, we present a large-scale genetic association study of intelligence (n = 269,867), identifying 205 associated genomic loci (190 new) and 1,016 genes (939 new) via positional mapping, expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping, chromatin interaction mapping, and gene-based association analysis. We find enrichment of genetic effects in conserved and coding regions and associations with 146 nonsynonymous exonic variants. Associated genes are strongly expressed in the brain, specifically in striatal medium spiny neurons and hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Gene set analyses implicate pathways related to nervous system development and synaptic structure. We confirm previous strong genetic correlations with multiple health-related outcomes, and Mendelian randomization analysis results suggest protective effects of intelligence for Alzheimer's disease and ADHD and bidirectional causation with pleiotropic effects for schizophrenia. These results are a major step forward in understanding the neurobiology of cognitive function as well as genetically related neurological and psychiatric disorders

Evolution over Time of Ventilatory Management and Outcome of Patients with Neurologic Disease∗

OBJECTIVES: To describe the changes in ventilator management over time in patients with neurologic disease at ICU admission and to estimate factors associated with 28-day hospital mortality. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of three prospective, observational, multicenter studies. SETTING: Cohort studies conducted in 2004, 2010, and 2016. PATIENTS: Adult patients who received mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among the 20,929 patients enrolled, we included 4,152 (20%) mechanically ventilated patients due to different neurologic diseases. Hemorrhagic stroke and brain trauma were the most common pathologies associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Although volume-cycled ventilation remained the preferred ventilation mode, there was a significant (p < 0.001) increment in the use of pressure support ventilation. The proportion of patients receiving a protective lung ventilation strategy was increased over time: 47% in 2004, 63% in 2010, and 65% in 2016 (p < 0.001), as well as the duration of protective ventilation strategies: 406 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2004, 523 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2010, and 585 days per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days in 2016 (p < 0.001). There were no differences in the length of stay in the ICU, mortality in the ICU, and mortality in hospital from 2004 to 2016. Independent risk factors for 28-day mortality were age greater than 75 years, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II greater than 50, the occurrence of organ dysfunction within first 48 hours after brain injury, and specific neurologic diseases such as hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, and brain trauma. CONCLUSIONS: More lung-protective ventilatory strategies have been implemented over years in neurologic patients with no effect on pulmonary complications or on survival. We found several prognostic factors on mortality such as advanced age, the severity of the disease, organ dysfunctions, and the etiology of neurologic disease