124 research outputs found
Prevalencia de Caries y Pérdida de Dientes en Población de 65 a 74 Años de Santiago, Chile
AbstractObjectivesTo measure prevalence of caries and tooth loss among low and middle-low socio-economic level elderly from Santiago, Chile.MethodsProportionate stratified probabilistic sampling techniques; sample of 109 people (74 women and 35 men) aged 65 to 74. Data gathered by means of a face-to-face questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained; individuals were examined by a calibrated dentist. The study was carried out from March to December 2008. Data analysis considered chi-square and ANOVA.ResultsDMFT was 24.9 (CI: 23.83; 25.96). All the individuals had caries experience; 45.9% had active caries lesions. The mean of non-treated active caries lesions was 0.9 per individual. Concerning prosthesis, 38.5% of individuals were found to use removable prosthesis and 15 people (13.76%) were edentulous.ConclusionsThe size of the gap and the importance of social environment on damaging oral health should lead to face this problem from a wider perspective of social determinants of health when building public policies
Mining Environmental Liability and Its in Situ Treatment with Calcium Oxide for Zinc Removal
Mining environmental liabilities have negative effects on human
health, the ecosystem and property. This study was conducted at the Cercapuquio
Mining Environmental Liability (MEL) in the district of Chongos Alto. The
wastewater analysis was conducted at Universidad Continental and data were
obtained on metal content and hydrogen potential. This investigation revealed
that the Cercapuquio MEL wastewater had a higher concentration of zinc, 9,916
mg/L, and the pH level was 7.53 (alkaline), which is why this effluent exceeds
the maximum permissible limit of the annual average. A neutralizing reagent was
also prepared by recycling eggshells, calcined at 1000 °C for 40 min, obtaining
quicklime with 61.30% calcium oxide (CaO). For wastewater treatment, the
quicklime obtained in neutralizing solution was used, which, when applied to the
effluent, had the effect of lowering the zinc concentration from 9.916 mg/L to
0.051 mg/L and the pH from 7.53 to 10.36. The average zinc removal achieved
in the effluent is 96%
Identification of SNPs and InDels associated with berry size in table grapes integrating genetic and transcriptomic approaches
Indexación: Scopus.Background: Berry size is considered as one of the main selection criteria in table grapes breeding programs, due to the consumer preferences. However, berry size is a complex quantitive trait under polygenic control, and its genetic determination of berry weight is not yet fully understood. The aim of this work was to perform marker discovery using a transcriptomic approach, in order to identify and characterize SNP and InDel markers associated with berry size in table grapes. We used an integrative analysis based on RNA-Seq, SNP/InDel search and validation on table grape segregants and varieties with different genetic backgrounds. Results: Thirty SNPs and eight InDels were identified using a transcriptomic approach (RNA-Seq). These markers were selected from SNP/InDel found among segregants from a Ruby x Sultanina population with contrasting phenotypes for berry size. The set of 38 SNP and InDel markers was distributed in eight chromosomes. Genotype-phenotype association analyses were performed using a set of 13 RxS segregants and 41 table grapes varieties with different genetic backgrounds during three seasons. The results showed several degrees of association of these markers with berry size (10.2 to 30.7%) as other berry-related traits such as length and width. The co-localization of SNP and /or InDel markers and previously reported QTLs and candidate genes associated with berry size were analysed. Conclusions: We identified a set of informative and transferable SNP and InDel markers associated with berry size. Our results suggest the suitability of SNPs and InDels as candidate markers for berry weight in seedless table grape breeding. The identification of genomic regions associated with berry weight in chromosomes 8, 15 and 17 was achieved with supporting evidence derived from a transcriptome experiment focused on SNP/InDel search, as well as from a QTL-linkage mapping approach. New regions possibly associated with berry weight in chromosomes 3, 6, 9 and 14 were identified. © 2020 The Author(s).https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-020-02564-
Period Change Rates of Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids using MESA
Pulsating stars, such as Cepheids and RR Lyrae, offer us a window to measure
and study changes due to stellar evolution. In this work, we study the former
by calculating a set of evolutionary tracks of stars with an initial mass of 4
to 7 , varying the initial rotation rate and metallicity, using the
stellar evolution code Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA).
Using Radial Stellar Pulsations (RSP), a recently added functionality of MESA,
we obtained theoretical instability strip (IS) edges and linear periods for the
radial fundamental mode. Period-age, period-age-temperature, period-luminosity,
and period-luminosity-temperature relationships were derived for three rotation
rates and metallicities, showing a dependence on crossing number, position in
the IS, rotation, and metallicity. We calculated period change rates (PCRs)
based on the linear periods from RSP. We compared our models with literature
results using the Geneva code, and found large differences, as expected due to
the different implementations of rotation between codes. In addition, we
compared our theoretical PCRs with those measured in our recent work for Large
Magellanic Cloud Cepheids. We found good overall agreement, even though our
models do not reach the short-period regime exhibited by the empirical data.
Implementations of physical processes not yet included in our models, such as
pulsation-driven mass loss, an improved treatment of convection that may lead
to a better description of the instability strip edges, as well as
consideration of a wider initial mass range, could all help improve the
agreement with the observed PCRs.Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures. Accepted by MNRA
Dental Caries Prevalence and Tooth Loss in Chilean Adult Population: First National Dental Examination Survey
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries, tooth loss, and risk factors among adult population of Chile. Furthermore, age, gender, and behavioural specific differences in caries prevalence and tooth loss were examined. A national stratified multistage probabilistic sample design in two-age cohorts was applied to the Chilean population. A sample of 1553 adults, comprising 1088 individuals aged 35â44 and 465 senior individuals aged 65â74, were examined. The DMFT was evaluated following WHO recommendations using diagnostic criteria of caries lesions into dentin. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate models using logistic regression analyses. Results showed a mean DMFT of 15.06 in the 35â44-year-old group and of 21.57 in the 65â74 group. Factors related to tooth loss in the 35â44 group through univariate logistic regression were depression (OR 1.9 CI 95% 1.26â2.85), education level <12 years (OR 2.24 CI 95% 1.31â3.73), personal income (OR 1.51 CI 95% 1.04â2.19), and familiar income (OR 2.05 CI 95% 1.34â3.13), and through multivariate logistic regression in the same age group were depression (OR 1.93 CI 95% 1.24â3.0), education level <12 years (OR 1.94 CI 95% 1.2â3.14), and familiar income (OR 1.71 CI 95% 1.09â2.68). Factors related to tooth loss in the 65â74-year-old group through univariate logistic regression were education level <12 years (OR 2.54 CI 95% 1.3â4.96) and personal income (OR 1.66 CI 95% 1.05â2.63), and for multivariate logistic regression in the same age group, it was education level <12 years (OR 2.51 CI 95% 1.21â5.18). In conclusion, adult population in Chile showed a high prevalence of dental caries and tooth loss, as age, education level, personal and familiar incomes, and depression are being the main risk factors
Transcriptome profiling of grapevine seedless segregants during berry development reveals candidate genes associated with berry weight
IndexaciĂłn: Web of Science; PubMedBackground
Berry size is considered as one of the main selection criteria in table grape breeding programs. However, this is a quantitative and polygenic trait, and its genetic determination is still poorly understood. Considering its economic importance, it is relevant to determine its genetic architecture and elucidate the mechanisms involved in its expression. To approach this issue, an RNA-Seq experiment based on Illumina platform was performed (14 libraries), including seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight at fruit setting (FST) and 6â8 mm berries (B68) phenological stages.
Results
A group of 526 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified, by comparing seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight: 101 genes from the FST stage and 463 from the B68 stage. Also, we integrated differential expression, principal components analysis (PCA), correlations and network co-expression analyses to characterize the transcriptome profiling observed in segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. After this, 68 DE genes were selected as candidate genes, and seven candidate genes were validated by real time-PCR, confirming their expression profiles.
Conclusions
We have carried out the first transcriptome analysis focused on table grape seedless segregants with contrasting phenotypes for berry weight. Our findings contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in berry weight determination. Also, this comparative transcriptome profiling revealed candidate genes for berry weight which could be evaluated as selection tools in table grape breeding programs.http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-016-0789-
Very high energy particle acceleration powered by the jets of the microquasar SS 433
SS 433 is a binary system containing a supergiant star that is overflowing
its Roche lobe with matter accreting onto a compact object (either a black hole
or neutron star). Two jets of ionized matter with a bulk velocity of
extend from the binary, perpendicular to the line of sight, and
terminate inside W50, a supernova remnant that is being distorted by the jets.
SS 433 differs from other microquasars in that the accretion is believed to be
super-Eddington, and the luminosity of the system is erg
s. The lobes of W50 in which the jets terminate, about 40 pc from the
central source, are expected to accelerate charged particles, and indeed radio
and X-ray emission consistent with electron synchrotron emission in a magnetic
field have been observed. At higher energies (>100 GeV), the particle fluxes of
rays from X-ray hotspots around SS 433 have been reported as flux
upper limits. In this energy regime, it has been unclear whether the emission
is dominated by electrons that are interacting with photons from the cosmic
microwave background through inverse-Compton scattering or by protons
interacting with the ambient gas. Here we report TeV -ray observations
of the SS 433/W50 system where the lobes are spatially resolved. The TeV
emission is localized to structures in the lobes, far from the center of the
system where the jets are formed. We have measured photon energies of at least
25 TeV, and these are certainly not Doppler boosted, because of the viewing
geometry. We conclude that the emission from radio to TeV energies is
consistent with a single population of electrons with energies extending to at
least hundreds of TeV in a magnetic field of ~micro-Gauss.Comment: Preprint version of Nature paper. Contacts: S. BenZvi, B. Dingus, K.
Fang, C.D. Rho , H. Zhang, H. Zho
Corredores socioambientales para la regeneraciĂłn del rĂo Pitillal en Puerto Vallarta
Desde inicios del 2021 el PAP ha realizado estudios sociales y ambientales de diferentes ĂĄreas de la zona de estudio en la ribera sur del rĂo PItillal, para generar propuestas tales como:
1. RestauraciĂłn de la ribera como parque lineal para la regeneraciĂłn del paisaje: parque lineal con caminos en la ribera sur, ĂĄreas verdes, espacios de descanso, y puente peatonal que conecte con la ribera norte.
2. Mejoramiento de espacios pĂșblicos y naturales: Crear un paradigma de apreciaciĂłn y cuidado con los espacios naturales; incentivar a que las personas reconozcan las dinĂĄmicas del agua para apreciar sus bondades; fortalecer valores en la comunidad como unidad, compromiso, cuidado por el medio ambiente.
3. AdecuaciĂłn del paisaje: densificar con plantas de distintos niveles para que crezcan de manera Ăntegra.bajo criterios de sucesiĂłn ecolĂłgica.
4. AutoproducciĂłn del paisaje: Desarrollar diseños y estructuras de bambĂș para el mejoramiento del espacio pĂșblico bajo criterios de producciĂłn social del hĂĄbitat.
El objetivo del trabajo fue mejorar la vivienda y el espacio pĂșblico y asĂ propiciar la regeneraciĂłn espacial, ecolĂłgica y social de la zona del RĂo Pitillal. Beneficiar, en primera instancia, a los habitantes de la zona, y puedan apropiarse del espacio de manera responsable, y que abone a las dinĂĄmicas sociales y a la identidad de las colonias vecinas. Generar espacios pĂșblicos y viviendas de calidad y vincular la regeneraciĂłn ecolĂłgica del rĂo. Donde a travĂ©s de la vertiente de vivienda se solidifique el proyecto en la escala micro, enlazando no solo el mejoramiento del espacio pĂșblico, sino tambiĂ©n el habitar dentro del hogar de las personas.ITESO, A.C
Frequency and management of maternal infection in health facilities in 52 countries (GLOSS): a 1-week inception cohort study
Background: Maternal infections are an important cause of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity. We report the main findings of the WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Study, which aimed to assess the frequency of maternal infections in health facilities, according to maternal characteristics and outcomes, and coverage of core practices for early identification and management. Methods: We did a facility-based, prospective, 1-week inception cohort study in 713 health facilities providing obstetric, midwifery, or abortion care, or where women could be admitted because of complications of pregnancy, childbirth, post-partum, or post-abortion, in 52 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). We obtained data from hospital records for all pregnant or recently pregnant women hospitalised with suspected or confirmed infection. We calculated ratios of infection and infection-related severe maternal outcomes (ie, death or near-miss) per 1000 livebirths and the proportion of intrahospital fatalities across country income groups, as well as the distribution of demographic, obstetric, clinical characteristics and outcomes, and coverage of a set of core practices for identification and management across infection severity groups. Findings: Between Nov 28, 2017, and Dec 4, 2017, of 2965 women assessed for eligibility, 2850 pregnant or recently pregnant women with suspected or confirmed infection were included. 70·4 (95% CI 67·7â73·1) hospitalised women per 1000 livebirths had a maternal infection, and 10·9 (9·8â12·0) women per 1000 livebirths presented with infection-related (underlying or contributing cause) severe maternal outcomes. Highest ratios were observed in LMICs and the lowest in HICs. The proportion of intrahospital fatalities was 6·8% among women with severe maternal outcomes, with the highest proportion in low-income countries. Infection-related maternal deaths represented more than half of the intrahospital deaths. Around two-thirds (63·9%, n=1821) of the women had a complete set of vital signs recorded, or received antimicrobials the day of suspicion or diagnosis of the infection (70·2%, n=1875), without marked differences across severity groups. Interpretation: The frequency of maternal infections requiring management in health facilities is high. Our results suggest that contribution of direct (obstetric) and indirect (non-obstetric) infections to overall maternal deaths is greater than previously thought. Improvement of early identification is urgently needed, as well as prompt management of women with infections in health facilities by implementing effective evidence-based practices.Fil: Althabe, Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en EpidemiologĂa y Salud PĂșblica. Instituto de Efectividad ClĂnica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en EpidemiologĂa y Salud PĂșblica; ArgentinaFil: Espinoza, Marisa Mabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en EpidemiologĂa y Salud PĂșblica. Instituto de Efectividad ClĂnica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en EpidemiologĂa y Salud PĂșblica; ArgentinaFil: Pasquale, Julia. No especifĂca;Fil: HernĂĄndez Muñoz, Rosalinda. No especifĂca;Fil: Carvajal, Javier. No especifĂca;Fil: Escobar, MarĂa Fernanda. No especifĂca;Fil: Cecatti, JosĂ© Guilherme. No especifĂca;Fil: Ribeiro Do Valle, Carolina C.. No especifĂca;Fil: Mereci, Wilson. No especifĂca;Fil: VĂ©lez, Paola. No especifĂca;Fil: PĂ©rez, Aquilino M.. No especifĂca;Fil: Vitureira, Gerardo. No especifĂca;Fil: Leroy, Charlotte. No especifĂca;Fil: Roelens, Kristien. No especifĂca;Fil: Vandenberghe, Griet. No especifĂca;Fil: Aguemon, Christiane Tshabu. No especifĂca;Fil: Cisse, Kadari. No especifĂca;Fil: Ouedraogo, Henri Gautier. No especifĂca;Fil: Kannitha, Cheang. No especifĂca;Fil: Rathavy, Tung. No especifĂca;Fil: Tebeu, Pierre Marie. No especifĂca;Fil: Bustillo, Carolina. No especifĂca;Fil: Bredy, Lara. No especifĂca;Fil: Herrera Maldonado, Nazarea. No especifĂca;Fil: Abdosh, Abdulfetah Abdulkadir. No especifĂca;Fil: Teklu, Alula M.. No especifĂca;Fil: Kassa, Dawit Worku. No especifĂca;Fil: Kumar, Vijay. No especifĂca;Fil: Suri, Vanita. No especifĂca;Fil: Trikha, Sonia. No especifĂca
Impact of common cardio-metabolic risk factors on fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease in Latin America and the Caribbean: an individual-level pooled analysis of 31 cohort studies
Background: Estimates of the burden of cardio-metabolic risk factors in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) rely on relative risks (RRs) from non-LAC countries. Whether these RRs apply to LAC remains un- known.
Methods: We pooled LAC cohorts. We estimated RRs per unit of exposure to body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC) and non-HDL cholesterol on fatal (31 cohorts, n = 168,287) and non-fatal (13 cohorts, n = 27,554) cardiovascular diseases, adjusting for regression dilution bias. We used these RRs and national data on mean risk factor levels to estimate the number of cardiovascular deaths attributable to non-optimal levels of each risk factor.
Results: Our RRs for SBP, FPG and TC were like those observed in cohorts conducted in high-income countries; however, for BMI, our RRs were consistently smaller in people below 75 years of age. Across risk factors, we observed smaller RRs among older ages. Non-optimal SBP was responsible for the largest number of attributable cardiovascular deaths ranging from 38 per 10 0,0 0 0 women and 54 men in Peru, to 261 (Dominica, women) and 282 (Guyana, men). For non-HDL cholesterol, the lowest attributable rate was for women in Peru (21) and men in Guatemala (25), and the largest in men (158) and women (142) from Guyana.
Interpretation: RRs for BMI from studies conducted in high-income countries may overestimate disease burden metrics in LAC; conversely, RRs for SBP, FPG and TC from LAC cohorts are similar to those esti- mated from cohorts in high-income countries
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