Altered miRNA Signature of Developing Germ-cells in Infertile Patients Relates to the Severity of Spermatogenic Failure and Persists in Spermatozoa

The aim of this study was to assess the cellular miRNA expression behaviour in testes with spermatogenic failure (SpF). We performed a high-throughput screen of 623 mature miRNAs by a quantitative RT-qPCR-based approach in histologically well-defined testicular samples with spermatogenic disruption at different germ-cell stages, which revealed altered patterns of miRNA expression. We focussed on the differentially expressed miRNAs whose expression correlated with the number of testicular mature germ-cells and described the combined expression values of a panel of three miRNAs (miR-449a, miR-34c-5p and miR-122) as a predictive test for the presence of mature germ-cells in testicular biopsy. Additionally, we determined decreased cellular miRNA content in developing germ-cells of SpF testis; this was more noticeable the earlier the stage of germ-cell differentiation was affected by maturation failure. Furthermore, we showed that the miRNA expression profile in mature sperm from mild SpF patients was widely altered. Our results suggest that the cellular miRNA content of developed germ-cells depends heavily on the efficacy of the spermatogenic process. What is more, spermatozoa that have fulfilled the differentiation process still retain the dysregulated miRNA pattern observed in the developing SpF germ-cells. This altered miRNA molecular signature may have functional implications for the male gamete

Association of PIWIL4 genetic variants with germ cell maturation arrest in infertile Spanish men

Letter to the editorDear Editor, The PIWI proteins (originally P-element-induced wimpy testis in Drosophila) are predominantly present in the germ-line in diverse organisms and are involved in the processing of a class of small RNAs known as piRNAs (see Refs.1,2 for review). The human PIWI protein family consists of four members: PIWIL1–4. Of these, PIWIL4 is known to have essential roles in the first phases of spermatogenesis: its expression is restricted to gonocytes and it is required for transposon silencing.3 The lack of this gene in mice causes meiotic arrest in spermatogenesis.4 The goal of our study was to evaluate the frequency of several PIWIL4 genetic variants in our population to better define the relationship between PIWIL4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and both defective spermatogenesis and specific spermatogenic disorders..

Functional characterization of twelve natural PROS1 mutations associated with anticoagulant protein S deficiency

Background The molecular mechanisms by which PROS1 mutations result in protein S deficiency are still unknown for many of the mutations, particularly for those that result in a premature termination codon. The aim of this study was to analyze the functional relevance on mRNA and protein expression of 12 natural PROS1 mutations associated with protein S deficiency. Design and Methods Five mutations were nonsense, three were small frameshift deletions, one was c.258,259AG>GT at the 3' end of exon 3, one was p.M640T and the last two were c.-7C>G and p.L15H, found in double heterozygosis as [c.-7C>G;44T>A].The apparently neutral variant p.R233K was also analyzed. PROS1 cDNA was assessed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of platelet mRNA. Expression of mutant proteins was determined by site-directed mutagenesis and analyses of transiently transfected PROS1 mutants in COS-7 cells. Results Only cDNA from the normal allele was observed from the five nonsense mutations, the frameshift deletion c.1731delT and from c.258,259AG>GT. Both the normal and the mutated alleles were observed from [c.-7C>G;44T>Aj, c.187,188delTG and p.M640T Transient expression analyses of PROS1 mutants whose mRNA was normally expressed revealed greatly reduced secretion of p.L15H and c.1272delA, mild secretion values of p.M640T and normal secretion levels of c.7C>G and, as expected, p.R233K. Conclusions Whereas the main cause of quantitative protein S deficiency associated with missense mutations is defective synthesis, stability or secretion of the mutated protein, the main mechanism for the deficiency associated with mutations that generate a premature termination codon is not the synthesis of a truncated protein, but the exclusion of the mutated allele, probably by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

El Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con los Videojuegos (CERV) : un instrumento para detectar el uso problemático de videojuegos en adolescentes españoles

El objetivo del presente estudio es validar el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con los Videojuegos (CERV). El cuestionario consta de 17 ítems, desarrollados a partir del CERI de Beranuy y cols., y valora el uso problemático de los videojuegos no masivos. Se ha validado para adolescentes que cursan estudios de secundaria obligatoria. Para la validación se ha realizado un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y un análisis de consistencia interna. La estructura factorial muestra dos factores a) Dependencia psicológica y uso para la evasión, y b) Consecuencias negativas del uso de videojuegos. Se ofrecen puntos de corte de la escala para sujetos sin problemas en el uso de videojuegos (SP), problemas potenciales en el uso de videojuegos (PP) y problemas severos en el uso de videojuegos (PS). Los resultados indican que se da una mayor prevalencia entre varones y que el uso problemático disminuye con la edad. El CERV parece ser un buen instrumento para el cribado de adolescentes con dificultades derivadas del uso de videojuegos. Estudios futuros deberían relacionar el uso problemático de videojuegos con dificultades en otros ámbitos de la vida, como el académicoThe aim of this study is to validate the Video Game-Related Experiences Questionnaire (CERV in Spanish). The questionnaire consists of 17 items, developed from the CERI (Internet-Related Experiences Questionnaire - Beranuy and cols.), and assesses the problematic use of non-massive video games. It was validated for adolescents in Compulsory Secondary Education. To validate the questionnaire, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and an internal consistency analysis were carried out. The factor structure shows two factors: (a) Psychological dependence and use for evasion; and (b) Negative consequences of using video games. Two cut-off points were established for people with no problems in their use of video games (NP), with potential problems in their use of video games (PP), and with serious problems in their use of video games (SP). Results show that there is higher prevalence among males and that problematic use decreases with age. The CERV seems to be a good instrument for the screening of adolescents with difficulties deriving from video game use. Further research should relate problematic video game use with difficulties in other life domains, such as the academic fiel

Comparative analysis of lentiviral vectors and modular protein nanovectors for traumatic brain injury gene therapy

Altres ajuts: We thank Fundació Marató TV3 (110533), Catalunya, Spain, Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica (CSIC-UDELAR), Uruguay, Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII), Uruguay, PEDECIBA, Uruguay, FOCEM (MERCOSUR Structural Convergence Fund), COF 03/1111 (to H.P. and M.L.N.), and Genoma España (Project GENAME, to R.J.Y.-M.) for financial support. A.V. received support from Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund. A.V. has been distinguished with an ICREA ACADEMIA award.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains as one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and there are no effective treatments currently available. Gene therapy applications have emerged as important alternatives for the treatment of diverse nervous system injuries. New strategies are evolving with the notion that each particular pathological condition may require a specific vector. Moreover, the lack of detailed comparative studies between different vectors under similar conditions hampers the selection of an ideal vector for a given pathological condition. The potential use of lentiviral vectors versus several modular protein-based nanovectors was compared using a controlled cortical impact model of TBI under the same gene therapy conditions. We show that variables such as protein/DNA ratio, incubation volume, and presence of serum or chloroquine in the transfection medium impact on both nanovector formation and transfection efficiency in vitro. While lentiviral vectors showed GFP protein 1 day after TBI and increased expression at 14 days, nanovectors showed stable and lower GFP transgene expression from 1 to 14 days. No toxicity after TBI by any of the vectors was observed as determined by resulting levels of IL-1β or using neurological sticky tape test. In fact, both vector types induced functional improvement per se

The problematic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in adolescents by the cross sectional JOITIC study

Background: The emerging field of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has brought about new interaction styles. Its excessive use may lead to addictive behaviours. The objective is to determine the prevalence of the problematic use of ICT such as Internet, mobile phones and video games, among adolescents enrolled in mandatory Secondary Education (ESO in Spanish) and to examine associated factors. Methods: Cross sectional, multi-centric descriptive study. Population: 5538 students enrolled in years one to four of ESO at 28 schools in the Vallès Occidental region (Barcelona, Spain). Data collection: self-administered socio-demographic and ICT access questionnaire, and validated questionnaires on experiences related to the use of the Internet, mobile phones and video games (CERI, CERM, CERV). Results: Questionnaires were collected from 5,538 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 20 (77.3 % of the total response), 48.6 % were females. Problematic use of the Internet was observed in 13.6 % of the surveyed individuals; problematic use of mobile phones in 2.4 % and problematic use in video games in 6.2 %. Problematic Internet use was associated with female students, tobacco consumption, a background of binge drinking, the use of cannabis or other drugs, poor academic performance, poor family relationships and an intensive use of the computer. Factors associated with the problematic use of mobile phones were the consumption of other drugs and an intensive use of these devices. Frequent problems with video game use have been associated with male students, the consumption of other drugs, poor academic performance, poor family relationships and an intensive use of these games. Conclusions: This study offers information on the prevalence of addictive behaviours of the Internet, mobile phones and video game use. The problematic use of these ICT devices has been related to the consumption of drugs, poor academic performance and poor family relationships. This intensive use may constitute a risk marker for ICT addictio

Vitamin C transporter gene (SLC23A1 and SLC23A2) polymorphisms, plasma vitamin C levels, and gastric cancer risk in the EPIC cohort

Vitamin C is known to protect mucosal tissues from oxidative stress and inhibit nitrosamine formation in the stomach. High consumption of fruits, particularly citrus, and higher circulating vitamin C concentrations may be inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC) risk. We investigated 20 polymorphisms in vitamin C transporter genes SCL23A1 and SCL23A2 and GC risk in 365 cases and 1,284 controls nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. We also evaluated the association between these polymorphisms and baseline plasma vitamin C levels in a subset of participants. Four SNPs were predictors of plasma vitamin C levels (SLC23A1 rs11950646 and rs33972313; SLC23A2 rs6053005 and rs6133175) in multivariable linear regression models. One SNP (SLC23A2 rs6116569) was associated with GC risk, in particular non-cardia GC (OR = 1.63, 95 % CI = 1.11-2.39, based on 178 non-cardia cases), but this association was attenuated when plasma vitamin C was included in the logistic regression model. Haplotype analysis of SLC23A1 yielded no associations with GC. In SLC23A2, one haplotype was associated with both overall and non-cardia GC, another haplotype was associated with GC overall, and a third was associated with intestinal-type GC. Common variants in SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 may influence plasma vitamin C concentration independent of dietary intake, and variation in SLC23A2 may influence GC risk. Additional prospective studies in large populations and consortia are recommended. Investigation of variation in vitamin C transporter genes may shed light on the preventative properties of vitamin C in gastric carcinogenesis

Pla estratègic d'atenció geriàtrica i pal·liativa especialitzada de Catalunya: línies estratègiques, projectes i actuacions

Pla estratègic; Atenció pal·liativa; Atenció centrada en la personaPlan estratégico; Atención paliativa; Atención centrada en la personaStrategic plan; Palliative care; Person centered careAquest document conté les línies estratègiques, projectes i actuacions del Pla estratègic d'atenció geriàtrica i pal·liativa especialitzada de Catalunya

Dietary diversity and nutritional adequacy among an older Spanish population with Metabolic Syndrome in the PREDIMED-Plus study: a cross-sectional analysis

Dietary guidelines emphasize the importance of a varied diet to provide an adequate nutrient intake. However, an older age is often associated with consumption of monotonous diets that can be nutritionally inadequate, increasing the risk for the development or progression of diet-related chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). To assess the association between dietary diversity (DD) and nutrient intake adequacy and to identify demographic variables associated with DD, we cross-sectionally analyzed baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus trial: 6587 Spanish adults aged 55–75 years, with overweight/obesity who also had MetS. An energy-adjusted dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated using a 143-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient inadequacy was defined as an intake below 2/3 of the dietary reference intake (DRI) forat least four of 17 nutrients proposed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between DDS and the risk of nutritionally inadequate intakes. In the higher DDS quartile there were more women and less current smokers. Compared with subjects in the highest DDS quartile, those in the lowest DDS quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake: odds ratio (OR) = 28.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 20.80–39.21). When we estimated food varietyfor each of the food groups, participants in the lowest quartile had a higher risk of inadequate nutrient intake for the groups of vegetables, OR = 14.03 (95% CI 10.55–18.65), fruits OR = 11.62 (95% CI 6.81–19.81), dairy products OR = 6.54 (95% CI 4.64–9.22) and protein foods OR = 6.60 (95% CI 1.96–22.24). As DDS decreased, the risk of inadequate nutrients intake rose. Given the impact of nutrient intake adequacy on the prevention of non-communicable diseases, health policies should focus on the promotion of a healthy varied diet, specifically promoting the intake of vegetables and fruit among population groups with lower DDS such as men, smokers or widow(er)s. View Full-Tex

Caracterització del gen GAS6 i associació amb malalties humanes

[cat] El producte de growth arrest-specific gene6 (GAS6) és un lligand per als receptors tirosina quinasa TYRO3, AXL i MERTK (TAM). Aquesta proteïna dependent de la vitamina K, està estructuralment relacionada amb la Proteïna S anticoagulant i ha estat implicada en diferents mecanismes de supervivència, proliferació i adhesió cel·lulars i la inhibició de l'apoptosi. El fet que el ratolí deficient en Gas6 estigués protegit en front d'episodis trombòtics demostrà la importancia del paper d'aquesta proteïna en el sistema cardiovascular. L'estructura genètica i proteica de GAS6 és altament homòloga amb la de la Proteïna S. La present tesi tenia com a objectiu determinar l'estructura d'exons i d'introns del gen GAS6 per tal d'analitzar posteriorment la presència de variants al gen que puguessin estar associades a malalties humanes. L'anàlisi bioinformàtic ens va permetre localitzar 15 exons de GAS6, determinar-ne les seqüències d'aquests i de les seves regions intròniques flanquejants en una regió que ocupa 43,5 Kb al braç llarg del cromosoma 13. Un cop obtinguda aquesta estructura es procedí a identificar la presència de variants al·lèliques mitjançant l'anàlisi amb SSCP de productes amplificats de PCR (de mostres de DNA d'un grup d'individus control) que contenien les seqüències exòniques amb les seves regions intròniques flanquejants. Aquestes anàlisis revelaren la presència de diferents variants al·lèliques que varen ser confirmades com a polimorfismes de cadena senzilla (SNP). Un primer estudi d'associació d'aquests SNP identificats mostrà que un d'aquests polimorfismes (c.834+7G>A a l'intró 8 de GAS6) presentava una diferència estadísticament significativa en la distribució al·lèlica i genotípica en el grup de pacients respecte a la població control en una població amb malaltia aterotrombòtica, sobretot en el subgrup de malaltia cerebrovascular. Posteriorment, es va realitzar la confirmació d'aquests resultats en una població amb malatia cerebrovascular molt més gran i independent de l'anterior utilitzant estudis de genotips i haplotips, i es confirmà l'associació del genotip c.834+7 AA amb la reducció del risc per a la malaltia cerebrovascular. L'anàlisi d'alguns polimorfismes coneguts dels gens PROZ i F5 i F7 de la coagulació (situats a la mateixa regió cromosòmica que GAS6) que han estat implicats en malaltia cerebrovasculat tampoc indiquen cap associació entre aquest i la malaltia ni estan en desequilibri de lligament amb cap dels polimorfismes identificats a GAS6. L'anàlisi d'haplotips indicà que aquesta associació era encara més forta quan es combinava amb altres SNP, en un haplotip específic (CACA), per a 4 polimorfismes de GAS6 (rs8191973, rs7331124, rs7323932 (c.834+7G>A), rs8191974). D'una banda, aquests resultats suggereixen un paper protector que disminueix en més de dues vegades el risc a patir un accident cerebrovascular d'origen ateroscleròtic o el que afecta a la microvasculatura de l'al·lel c.834+7A i més concretament de l'haplotip CACA de GAS6 D'altra banda, els estudis funcionals realitzats per a determinar el possible paper del polimorfisme de l'intró 8 de GAS6 no mostraren diferències en plaques aterosclerosades d'artèries coronàries respecte a artèries sense placa. Així, l'efecte observat a nivell poblacional d'aquest polimorfisme identificat podria indicar l'efecte no conegut fins ara d'aquest o d'un altre polimorfisme en desequilibri de lligament amb aquest que estaria afectant la via de GAS6 i els seus receptors tirosina quinasa.[eng] The product of the growth arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6), a ligand for the TYRO3,AXL, and MERTK tyrosine kinase receptors, is a vitamin K-dependent protein, structurally related to anticoagulant protein S. Gas6-deficient mice are protected against thrombosis, demonstrating the importance of this protein in the cardiovascular system. The present thesis was aimed at determining the human GAS6 intron-exon structure and analyzing the gene for the presence of allelic variants that could be associated with human diseases. Online analyses allowed us to localize 15 GAS6 exons and to determine the sequence of their intron-flanking regions, in a chromosome 13 region spanning 43.5 kb of DNA. SSCP analysis of PCR-amplified GAS6 exons with their intron-flanking regions from control DNA samples, revealed the presence of different variants, which were confirmed to be single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A preliminary analysis of these SNPs in a group of patients with atherothrombotic disease revealed statistically significant differences between controls and stroke patients in the allelic distributions of one of these variants (c.834+7G>A in intron 8). We confirmed these results in a larger and independent stroke population using genotype and haplotype studies: the GAS6 c.834+7AA genotype was found associated with decreased risk for stroke (OR:0.59; 95%CI:0.37-0.93). Furthermore, haplotype analysis revealed that association was even stronger (OR:0.48;95%CI:0.28-0.83, for ischemic stroke) when the c.834+7 A allele was present in a specific haplotype (CACA) of four GAS6 polymorphisms (rs8191973, rs7331124, rs7323932, rs8191974).These results suggest a protective role for stroke of this haplotype