The Influence of Different Pre-Exercise Routines on Sprint Performance

Sprint performance can be enhanced by interventions for short-term (acute) purposes and/or long-term purposes. Acute neuromuscular responses are usually achieved by using different pre-exercise routines at the end of the warm-up period. Recently, there have been several studies examining the effects of various pre-exercise routines on sprint performance, yet there has not been a research study designed that compared the three most commonly used pre-exercise routines in professional and recreational sports (static stretching, dynamic stretching and foam-rolling). Therefore, this study investigated and compared the results of static stretching, dynamic stretching, self-myofascial release and the control group, in order to provide some general findings in this field of sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of different pre-exercise routines on 60-meter sprint performance. Moreover, the study investigated whether static stretching impairs sprint performance. Ten students from a Midwestern U.S. University were recruited to participate in this study, with 8 participants successfully finished the study. Each participant underwent all four intervention protocols in a randomized order. A repeated measures ANOVA statistical analysis indicated a significant main effect with post-hoc testing comparing 60-meter sprint results for each pre-exercise protocol did not show statistical significance amongst the selected values: SS time - DS time, SS time - CG time, SMR time - DS time, SMR time - CG time, and DS time - CG time (p=0.061; p=0.259; p=0.356; p=0.111; p=0.265; respectively). However, comparing the results from the SS group and the SMR group showed that the SMR had a significantly greater effect than the SS (p=0.024), The findings of this study indicate that using self-myofascial release is a more beneficial pre-exercise protocol for improving 60-meter sprint performance than either static or dynamic stretching. . Additionally, the results suggest that static stretching does not impair 60-meter sprint performance compared to a control group

The Influence of Different Pre-Exercise Routines on Sprint Performance

Sprint performance can be enhanced by interventions for short-term (acute) purposes and/or long-term purposes. Acute neuromuscular responses are usually achieved by using different pre-exercise routines at the end of the warm-up period. Recently, there have been several studies examining the effects of various pre-exercise routines on sprint performance, yet there has not been a research study designed that compared the three most commonly used pre-exercise routines in professional and recreational sports (static stretching, dynamic stretching and foam-rolling). Therefore, this study investigated and compared the results of static stretching, dynamic stretching, self-myofascial release and the control group, in order to provide some general findings in this field of sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of different pre-exercise routines on 60-meter sprint performance. Moreover, the study investigated whether static stretching impairs sprint performance. Ten students from a Midwestern U.S. University were recruited to participate in this study, with 8 participants successfully finished the study. Each participant underwent all four intervention protocols in a randomized order. A repeated measures ANOVA statistical analysis indicated a significant main effect with post-hoc testing comparing 60-meter sprint results for each pre-exercise protocol did not show statistical significance amongst the selected values: SS time - DS time, SS time - CG time, SMR time - DS time, SMR time - CG time, and DS time - CG time (p=0.061; p=0.259; p=0.356; p=0.111; p=0.265; respectively). However, comparing the results from the SS group and the SMR group showed that the SMR had a significantly greater effect than the SS (p=0.024), The findings of this study indicate that using self-myofascial release is a more beneficial pre-exercise protocol for improving 60-meter sprint performance than either static or dynamic stretching. . Additionally, the results suggest that static stretching does not impair 60-meter sprint performance compared to a control group

Heart failure and excess mortality after aortic valve replacement in aortic stenosis

INTRODUCTION: In aortic stenosis (AS), the heart transitions from adaptive compensation to an AS cardiomyopathy and eventually leads to decompensation with heart failure. Better understanding of the underpinning pathophysiological mechanisms is required in order to inform strategies to prevent decompensation. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we therefore aim to appraise the current pathophysiological understanding of adaptive and maladaptive processes in AS, appraise potential avenues of adjunctive therapy before or after AVR and highlight areas of further research in the management of heart failure post AVR. EXPERT OPINION: Tailored strategies for the timing of intervention accounting for individual patient's response to the afterload insult are underway, and promise to guide better management in the future. Further clinical trials of adjunctive pharmacological and device therapy to either cardioprotect prior to intervention or promote reverse remodelling and recovery after intervention are needed to mitigate the risk of heart failure and excess mortality

Studies of intermolecular interactions in solid dispersions using advanced surface chemical analysis

The aim of this study is to utilise an advanced surface chemical analysis based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine and characterise drug/polymer interactions in solid dispersions manufactured via hot melt extrusion (HME). Cetirizine HCl (CTZ) and verapamil HCl (VRP) were used as model cationic drugs while Eudragit® grade L100 and L100-55 polymers were used as anionic carriers. A molecular dynamics (MD) based simulation approach predicted drug/polymer interactions while scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) mapping showed homogenous distribution of the drug particles onto the polymer matrices. Hot stage microscopy (HSM) characterised the solid state of the drugs in extruded formulations. XPS analysis revealed the strength and nature of interaction between the –NH3 groups of the APIs with the –COOH groups of the polymers. The results obtained from XPS were supported by XRD and NMR studies. The estimation of non-protonated/protonated N atom (N/N′) ratios using XPS revealed the strength of the intermolecular interaction in drug/polymer extrudates which can be used as an efficient tool to study the drug/polymer interaction

Molecular modeling of lipid probes and their influence on the membrane

In this review a number of Molecular Dynamics simulation studies are discussed which focus on the understanding of the behavior of lipid probes in biomembranes. Experiments often use specialized probe moieties or molecules to report on the behavior of a membrane and try to gain information on the membrane as a whole from the probe lipids as these probes are the only things an experiment sees. Probes can be used to make NMR, EPR and fluorescence accessible to the membrane and use fluorescent or spin-active moieties for this purpose. Clearly membranes with and without probes are not identical which makes it worthwhile to elucidate the differences between them with detailed atomistic simulations. In almost all cases these differences are confined to the local neighborhood of the probe molecules which are sparsely used and generally present as single molecules. In general, the behavior of the bulk membrane lipids can be qualitatively understood from the probes but in most cases their properties cannot be directly quantitatively deduced from the probe behavior. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biosimulations edited by Ilpo Vattulainen and Tomasz Róg

Iron-binding and anti-fenton properties of novel amino acid-derived cyclic imide dioximes

We present a novel route for the preparation of amino acid-derived cyclic imide dioxime derivatives. Readily accessible amino acids were conveniently converted to their corresponding cyclic imide dioximes in simple synthetic steps. The aim of this work was to describe and compare the iron-chelating and antioxidant properties of synthesized compounds in relation to their molecular structure, and in particular, which of those features are essential for iron(II)-chelating ability. The glutarimide dioxime moiety has been established as an iron(II)-binding motif and imparts potent anti-Fenton properties to the compounds. Compound 3 was shown to strongly suppress hydroxyl radical formation by preventing iron cycling via Fe-complexation. These findings provide insights into the structural requirements for achieving anti-Fenton activity and highlight the potential use of glutarimide dioximes as antioxidants