Diagnostic mycologique d’une mucormycose disséminée chez un enfant atteint d’aplasie médullaire idiopathique : à propos d’un cas: Mucological diagnosis of disseminated mucormycosis in a patient with idiopathic aplastic anemia: case report

Mucormycosis is a rare, opportunistic and aggressive fungal infectious disease occurring mainly in immunocompromised individuals. It is invasive with most often, a fatal evolution. It is due to a filamentous fungi of the order mucorales. The transmission is by air, with a nasal-sinus tropism. However, other localizations including digestive, cutaneous pulmonary and disseminated localizations are possible but rare. The clinical signs are not specific, which delays the diagnosis. The Clinical expression of mucormycosis includes nasal, neurological, cutaneous and ophthalmologic signs in a context of fever and deterioration of the overall condition of the patient. The positive diagnosis is based on mycological and pathological examination. The prognosis is dark, depending on the early diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we report a case of an 11-year-old child with disseminated mucormycosis whose evolution was pejorative. La murcomycose est une pathologie infectieuse fongique rare, survenant surtout chez les sujets immunodéprimés, d’évolution fatale le plus souvent. La transmission se fait par voie aérienne, avec un tropisme naso-sinusien par ailleurs d’autres localisations : pulmonaire cutanée digestive et disséminées sont possibles mais exceptionnelles. Les signes cliniques sont peu spécifiques ce qui retarde le diagnostic qui repose sur l’examen mycologique et anatomopathologique des tissus infectés. Nous rapportons le cas d’une mucormycose disséminée à point de départ cutané chez un enfant suivi pour aplasie médullaire idiopathique, dont l’évolution était péjorative

Chemical Composition and Anticandidal Effect of Three Thymus Species Essential Oils from Southwest of Morocco against the Emerging Nosocomial Fluconazole-Resistant Strains

The purpose of this present work is to study the essential oils composition of three endemic Thymus species from southwest of Morocco: Thymus satureioides Coss., Thymus pallidus Batt. and Thymus leptobotrys Murb., as well as their antifungal activity towards nineteen strains of emerging nosocomial Fluconazole-resistant Candida species. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined by capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry analysis. The results reveal qualitative and quantitative variation in composition of Thymus species. Seventy-three different compounds, 56 for T. satureioides accounting for 99.97% of the total essential oil, 52 for T. pallidus, accounting for 98.94% of the total essential oil, and 40 for T. leptobotrys accounting for 99.20%, were determined. The results obtained for the anticandidal disc-diffusion assay shows that the 19 strains of Candida species tested were inhibited by the Moroccan Thymus essential oils to a varying degree, with the diameters of the inhibition zone ranging from 49±1.00 to 85±1.15 mm. There were significant differences (p ? 0.05) in the antifungal activities of the essential oils on all species tested who showed larger inhibition zones than the positive control fluconazole and amphotericine B. Candida albicans showed a high sensitivity to essential oils of Thymus pallidus and Thymus leptobotrys compared with essential oil of Thymus satureioides and controls. While non- albicans Candida species showed less sensitivity to essential oils of Thymus pallidus and Thymus leptobotrys and are more sensitive to essential oils of Thymus satureioides than Candida albicans. Interestingly C. krusei, C. dubliniensis and C. glabrata were found to be resistant to conventional antifungal (fluconazole and amphotericine B), while our essential oils tested were able to inhibit the growth of Candida strains resistant to antifungal agents. The value of Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of the Thymus essential oils studied ranges from 0.33 mg/mL to 0.91 mg/mL. All the essential oils possessed higher antifungal potential than classical fungicide. Keywords: Thymus species, essential oils, anticandidal activity, Nosocomial fluconazole-resistant strains

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women of the Marrakech-Safi region, Morocco

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by an intracellular protozoan named Toxoplasma gondii. Its prevalence had been investigated in several studies throughout the world showing that it varied from one country to another. In contrast, few studies had been carried out on this infection across the kingdom of Morocco, hence the objective of this work, which is the determination of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in the region of Marrakech-Safi. Methods: The serological results of a cohort of 5692 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Those patients had been into different public and private medical laboratories in the region of Marrakech-Safi for a toxoplasmosis serology, requested between the 1st January, 2014 and 31st December, 2016. According to each laboratory, the techniques adopted for this serology were ELISA (ELFA, MEIA, EIA) and CMIA. Results: The results showed that for pregnant women, the overall seroprevalence in the study region were 28.88%. Conclusion: The variation of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence is related not only to climatic factors but also to lifestyle, eating habits, socio-economic status and hygiene conditions. In this study, we noticed that in Morocco, as in other countries, pregnant women encounter several difficulties when serologic screening for toxoplasmosis. Keywords: Seroprevalence, Toxoplasmosis, pregnant women, Marrakech-Safi regio