58 research outputs found
Towards a multidimensional assessment grid of smallholders' oil palm plantations: a preliminary proposal from SPOP Project
International audienceThis contribution is an intermediate product of the ANR 1 research project, SPOP (Sustainable Palm Oil Production). SPOP project aims at providing scientific knowledge on the diverse oil palm cropping systems in Indonesia and Cameroon, and on their social, economic and environmental impacts. This knowledge should help identify best practices, adaptation strategies, and improvement needs towards sustainability. At this stage of the research programme, we first aimed to present the applied methodology and analyse its relevancy in light of the first field data collection
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants : metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society
Recent advances in human genetics, together with a large body of epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical trial results, provide strong support for a causal association between triglycerides (TG), TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and TRL remnants, and increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. These data also indicate that TRL and their remnants may contribute significantly to residual cardiovascular risk in patients on optimized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapy. This statement critically appraises current understanding of the structure, function, and metabolism of TRL, and their pathophysiological role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Key points are (i) a working definition of normo- and hypertriglyceridaemic states and their relation to risk of ASCVD, (ii) a conceptual framework for the generation of remnants due to dysregulation of TRL production, lipolysis, and remodelling, as well as clearance of remnant lipoproteins from the circulation, (iii) the pleiotropic proatherogenic actions of TRL and remnants at the arterial wall, (iv) challenges in defining, quantitating, and assessing the atherogenic properties of remnant particles, and (v) exploration of the relative atherogenicity of TRL and remnants compared to LDL. Assessment of these issues provides a foundation for evaluating approaches to effectively reduce levels of TRL and remnants by targeting either production, lipolysis, or hepatic clearance, or a combination of these mechanisms. This consensus statement updates current understanding in an integrated manner, thereby providing a platform for new therapeutic paradigms targeting TRL and their remnants, with the aim of reducing the risk of ASCVD. [GRAPHICS] .Peer reviewe
Tipo de carne da dieta e perfil lipĂdico sĂ©rico em pacientes com diabete melito tipo 2 com nefropatia diabĂ©tica
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A História da Alimentação: balizas historiogråficas
Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da HistĂłria da Alimentação, nĂŁo como um novo ramo epistemolĂłgico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de prĂĄticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicaçÔes, associaçÔes, encontros acadĂȘmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condiçÔes em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biolĂłgica, a econĂŽmica, a social, a cultural e a filosĂłfica!, assim como da identificação das contribuiçÔes mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histĂłrica, foi ela organizada segundo critĂ©rios morfolĂłgicos. A seguir, alguns tĂłpicos importantes mereceram tratamento Ă parte: a fome, o alimento e o domĂnio religioso, as descobertas europĂ©ias e a difusĂŁo mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rĂĄpido balanço crĂtico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema
La clofarabine dans les leucĂ©mies aigĂŒes de l'enfant rĂ©fractaires ou en rechute (expĂ©rience niçoise)
Le pronostic des leucĂ©mies aigĂŒes (LA) rĂ©fractaires ou en rechute reste extrĂȘmement pĂ©joratif chez l enfant. La Clofarabine, nouvel analogue nuclĂ©osidique, est indiquĂ©e dans les LA de l enfant rĂ©fractaires ou en rechute aprĂšs au moins deux lignes de traitement. L objectif de ce travail est de rapporter l'expĂ©rience de l'utilisation de la Clofarabine dans les LA de l enfant au sein du service d onco-hĂ©matologie pĂ©diatrique de Nice tant en termes de tolĂ©rance que d efficacitĂ©. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective sur une pĂ©riode de 4 ans des dossiers de tous les patients pris en charge pour une LA et traitĂ©s par Clofarabine. Les donnĂ©es recueillies portaient sur le type de leucĂ©mie, les facteurs pronostiques associĂ©s, les traitements reçus avant la Clofarabine, la tolĂ©rance et l'efficacitĂ© ainsi que le devenir de ces patients. L efficacitĂ© de la Clofarabine Ă©tait Ă©valuĂ©e en fonction du taux de rĂ©ponse global observĂ© immĂ©diatement aprĂšs avoir bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© du traitement. Sur 7 patients inclus dans l Ă©tude : 5 patients ont reçu l association clofarabine/cyclophosphamide/Ă©toposide sur une durĂ©e de 5 jours et 2 patients ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s par une bithĂ©rapie clofarabine/aracytine. Tous ont prĂ©sentĂ© au moins un effet secondaire mais avec une tolĂ©rance acceptable. Le taux de rĂ©ponse global Ă©tait de 86%. 6 patients ont pu bĂ©nĂ©ficier d une allogreffe de moelle. 3 patients (43%) sont actuellement en rĂ©mission. MalgrĂ© une petite cohorte, notre Ă©tude confirme l efficacitĂ© de la Clofarabine dans les LA rĂ©fractaires ou en rechute. La tolĂ©rance est acceptable et 86% des patients ont pu ĂȘtre greffĂ©s ce qui est l objectif en cas de maladie rĂ©fractaire. Ce traitement permet d obtenir une rĂ©mission chez des patients en Ă©chec des prĂ©cĂ©dentes chimiothĂ©rapies. Les perspectives actuelles concernent l utilisation de la Clofarabine de maniĂšre plus prĂ©coce notamment dĂšs la premiĂšre rechute dans les leucĂ©mies du groupe haut risque.NICE-BU MĂ©decine Odontologie (060882102) / SudocSudocFranceF
Faqr al-dam, l'indigence du sang, comme héritage (représentations & enjeux sociaux des hémoglobinopathies héréditaires au sultanat d'Oman)
Cette thĂšse est une contribution Ă trois champs distincts d analyse anthropologique : d une part le traitement social des maladies hĂ©rĂ©ditaires ; d autre part les usages sociaux des connaissances gĂ©nĂ©tiques ; enfin, l Ă©tude des systĂšmes de soins du monde arabe. FondĂ©e sur une enquĂȘte ethnographique d environ dix-huit mois au sultanat d Oman (pĂ©ninsule Arabique), elle aborde deux maladies hĂ©rĂ©ditaires du sang, drĂ©panocytose et bĂȘta-thalassĂ©mie nommĂ©es faqr al-dam, l indigence du sang dans le pays. Pour ce faire, ce travail s articule autour de la description de l apparente disjonction entre une technicitĂ© telle que l on peut l attendre dans un pays dotĂ© d une rente pĂ©troliĂšre, et les affres quotidiennes de l expĂ©rience des malades et de leurs familles. Il s agit d Ă©tudier Ă des Ă©chelles sociales diverses (expĂ©rience de la maladie aussi bien que politiques de santĂ© publique) des faits de santĂ© impliquant des innovations mĂ©dicales rĂ©centes (gĂ©nĂ©tique) dans le Golfe, zone du globe d ordinaire plus volontiers examinĂ©e pour ses soubresauts politiques et religieux. Cette recherche observe la sociĂ©tĂ© omanaise des annĂ©es 2000 Ă travers le prisme de ces maladies hĂ©rĂ©ditaires du sang, qui constituent une mise Ă l Ă©preuve du politique. Les objets d Ă©tude que sont ces deux hĂ©moglobinopathies permettent d interroger la construction politique de la sociĂ©tĂ© et de commencer Ă dĂ©mĂȘler l Ă©cheveau des liens entre les institutions, les identitĂ©s et l histoire.This thesis is a contribution to three different anthropological fields of analysis: social treatment of inherited disorders on one hand; social uses of genetic knowledge on the other hand; and finally the study of healthcare systems in the Arab world. Based on an eighteen-month ethnographic fieldwork in Oman (Arabian Peninsula), this PhD deals with two inherited blood disorders: sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia named faqr al-dam, indigence of the blood in the country. The thesis broaches the description of the apparent disjunction between advanced technologies one can expect to find in an oil-producing country and the daily throes of patients and families experiences. The aim of this PhD is to study at various social scales (experience of illness as well as public health policy) recent medical innovations (genetics) in the Gulf, whereas this area is usually more examined for its political and religious upheavals. This work observes the contemporary Omani society through these inherited blood disorders which put to the test the country's political institutions. As anthropological objects, these two hemoglobinopathies allow to examine the political construction of social order as well as to begin to disentangle the links between institutions, identities and history.AIX-MARSEILLE3-BU Droit Sci.Eco. (130012102) / SudocSudocFranceF
Le Code judiciaire dâĂ©volutions en rĂ©volutions : quel (nouveau) visage pour la Justice ?
Le Code judiciaire fut introduit dans lâordre juridique belge par la loi du 10 octobre 1967 . Cette Ćuvre lĂ©gislative majeure du XXe siĂšcle est le fruit du remarquable travail des deux commissaires royaux Ă la rĂ©forme judiciaire, C. VAN REEPINGHEN et E. KRINGS. LâĆuvre mĂ©ritait sans nul doute, Ă lâoccasion de son jubilĂ©, quâun arĂ©opage de prĂšs de quarante auteurs prenne la plume et, au grĂ© de non moins de 34 contributions, rende compte du chemin parcouru, mais surtout, de celui restant Ă parcourir. Lâouvrage Le Code judiciaire a 50 ans. Et aprĂšs ? â 50 jaar Gerechtelijk wetboek. Wat nu ? dresse ainsi, en prĂšs de 800 pages, lâĂ©tat des lieux de ce quâil reste des grandes intuitions initiales, tout en tentant dâentrâapercevoir la Justice de demain. En regard de la quantitĂ© et de la richesse des rĂ©flexions qui sont ainsi livrĂ©es au lecteur, lâobjectif que sâassignent les soussignĂ©s est modeste. Plus que de prĂ©senter une synthĂšse de chaque contribution, il sâagira dâenvisager compendieusement, au dĂ©part de lâouvrage et en prenant pour appui les prĂ©occupations originelles des auteurs du Code, les tendances, dĂ©fis et enjeux que suscite Ă lâheure actuelle la quĂȘte, intemporelle celle-ci, dâune justice idĂ©ale , conçue comme Ă©tant Ă la fois bonne, rapide et Ă©conomiquement abordable
Trajectories of cropâlivestock integration in the context of specialization in Northwest Vietnam
International audienceMixed cropâlivestock systems, the world's most widespread farming systems, promote farm resilience through diversification and allow for cropâlivestock integration (CLI). Intensification and specialization challenge these systems. In Northwest Vietnam, the standard farm model is based on mixed cropâlivestock family farms but is shifting towards more specialized farming systems. The aim of the current study was to identify the new balance between livestock and crops on farms in Northwest Vietnam and to examine the effects of specialization on CLI practices and production system intensification by identifying current CLI practices and performing a retrospective analysis of changes in these practices. One hundred farms were surveyed and 24 interviews on farm trajectories were conducted in Dien Bien district (Dien Bien province) between January and April 2022. Based on the level of CLI and farm diversification, seven types of farms were identified and classified into three categories: (B) mixed farms, (A) farms specializing in livestock and (C) farms specializing in crops. The study of farm trajectories revealed three main changes: the conversion of mixed cropâlivestock farms into more specialized crop systems, a change from mixed cropâlivestock to more specialized family livestock farms and a change in the management of large ruminant herds and their feed system from free grazing to forage-fed systems. Understanding these changes will help identify drivers and potential constraints to the development of new practices for the integration of crop and livestock farming
Efeitos da dieta de galinha na função renal de pacientes com diabete melito tipo 2 (dm2) com e sem microalbuminĂșria
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