Same-sex couples, disputes and dispute resolution

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Interactive and common knowledge in the state-space model

This paper deals with the prevailing formal model for knowledge in contemporary economics, namely the state-space model introduced by Robert Aumann in 1976. In particular, the paper addresses the following question arising in this formalism: in order to state that an event is interactively or commonly known among a group of agents, do we need to assume that each of them knows how the information is imparted to the others? Aumann answered in the negative, but his arguments apply only to canonical, i.e., completely specified state spaces, while in most applications the state space is not canonical. This paper addresses the same question along original lines, demonstrating that the answer is negative for both canonical and not-canonical state spaces. Further, it shows that this result ensues from two counterintuitive properties held by knowledge in the state-space model, namely Substitutivity and Monotonicity.

Early Experiments in Consumer Demand Theory: 1930-1970

This paper reconstructs the history of experimental research on consumer demand behavior between 1930 and 1970. The backgrounds of the experiments and their impact on the development of consumption theory are also investigated. Among other things, the paper shows that in fact many prominent economists of the period were involved in this stream of research.

The role of transitional justice and access to justice in conflict resolution and democratic advancement

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Becker random behavior and the as-if defense of rational choice theory in demand analysis

In discussing rational choice theory (RCT) as an explanation of demand behavior, Becker (1962, Journal of Political Economy, 70, 1–13) proposed a model of random choice in which consumers pick a bundle on their budget line according to a uniform distribution. This model has then been used in various ways to assess the validity of RCT and to support as-if arguments in defense of it. This paper makes both historical and methodological contributions. Historically, it investigates how the interpretation of Becker random behavior evolved between the original 1962 article and the modern experimental literature on individual demand, and surveys six experiments in which it has been used as an alternative hypothesis to RCT. Methodologically, this paper conducts an assessment of the as-if defense of RCT from the standpoint of Becker’s model. It argues that this defense is ‘weak’ in a number of senses, and that it has negatively influenced the design of experiments about RCT

History of consumer demand theory 1871-1971: A Neo-Kantian rational reconstruction

This paper examines the history of the neoclassical theory of consumer demand from 1871 to 1971 by bringing into play the knowledge theory of the Marburg School, a Neo-Kantian philosophical movement. The work aims to show the usefulness of a Marburg-inspired epistemology in rationalizing the development of consumer analysis and, more generally, to understand the principles that regulate the process of knowing in neoclassical economics.Consumer Theory, Demand Theory, Utility Theory, Neo- Kantianism, Marburg School

W.E. Johnson’s 1913 Paper and the Question of His Knowledge of Pareto

In 1913, the Cambridge logician W.E. Johnson published a famous article on demand theory in the Economic Journal. Although Johnson’s treatment of the subject strongly resembles the analysis set forth by Pareto in the Manual of Political Economy, Johnson does not cite the Italian economist. This has aroused a long-standing debate about Johnson’s actual acquaintance with Pareto’s works, but the debated point has never been thoroughly investigated. The present paper addresses the question of Johnson’s knowledgeof Pareto both from an analytical and historical viewpoint, by examining Johnson’s life in the Cambridge environment and his available unpublished papers. Even though the new evidence gathered gives some weight to the thesis that Johnson could not have been unaware of Pareto’s Manual, it cannot exclude the possibility that the logician wrote his paper autonomously.Johnson, Pareto, Cambridge School, Consumer Theory, Complementarity

Non-minimal 331331 model for Lepton Flavour Universality Violation in b→sℓℓb\to s\ell\ell decays

331 models constitute an extension of the Standard Model (SM) obtained by enlarging the SM gauge group $SU(3)_\text{C}\times SU(2)_\text{L}\times U(1)_Y$ to the group $SU(3)_\text{C}\times SU(3)_\text{L}\times U(1)_X$. We investigate how a non-minimal 331 model may embed lepton flavour universality violating contributions to $b\to s\ell\ell$ processes without introducing lepton flavour violation, as suggested by the recent LHCb measurements of the ratios $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$. We discuss the model-independent scenarios of New Physics in $b\to s\ell\ell$ currently favoured by the data that could be accommodated by this model and consider a few phenomenological constraints on this model.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Nugae civilistiche. Sulla scuola romana del primo Novecento

Nell’articolo l’autore ripercorre le varie tappe dell’insegnamento del diritto civile alla Sapienza, attraverso le figure di alcuni importanti Professori che hanno innovato o contribuito ad innovare la didattica del diritto civile presso la Facoltà di giurisprudenza dell’Università di Roma: in particolare Francesco Schupfer, Vittorio Scialoja, Emidio Pacifici Mazzoni e Vittorio Polacco. Nella Facoltà romana, dagli anni ottanta, si comincia a impartire un insegnamento autonomo di storia del diritto e si sviluppano ampiamente gli studi civilistici; agli inizi del novecento, anche a Roma così come a Parigi, i corsi di Storia del diritto e di Diritto civile iniziano ad ampliare i loro orizzonti e ad acquisire una propria ed autonoma configurazione. Vengono ricordate, inoltre, le vicende relative alla cattedra di Diritto privato comparato, il cui insegnamento è avviato da Vittorio Scialoja. Dagli studi attuali risulta che negli anni venti del Novecento soltanto a Roma, Pavia e Palermo è tenuto l’insegnamento di Diritto privato comparato, anche se con corsi ancora instabili. Nel 1935, viene chiamato alla Sapienza, per l’insegnamento di Diritto privato comparato Salvatore Galgano. Negli stessi anni, si istituisce la Sezione di diritto privato comparato e l’Annuario di Diritto privato comparato.In this article, the author examines the various stages of the chair of Private Law at La Sapienza, through the figures of some important Professors who have innovated or contributed to innovate the discipline of this subject at the Faculty of Law of the University of Rome: particular attention is given to Francesco Schupfer, Vittorio Scialoja, Emidio Pacifici Mazzoni and Vittorio Polacco. In the roman Law School, since the eighties, the course of History of Law was taught autonomously and private law doctrines are widely developed; at the beginning of the twentieth century, in Rome as in Paris, the courses of History of Law and Private Law began to broaden their perspectives and to acquire their own independent configuration. The author also mentions the events that occurred to the chair of Comparative Private Law, which was for the first time taught by Vittorio Scialoja. Current studies demonstrate how in the beginning of the 20th century only Rome, Pavia and Palermo held courses of Comparative Private Law, even if they were not stable yet. In 1935 Sapienza called Salvatore Galgano to teach Comparative Private Law. In the same years the Comparative Private Law Department and the Comparative Private Law Yearbook were settled