Sleep coaching: nefarmakološko liječenje neokrepljujućeg spavanja u smjenskih radnika na austrijskoj željeznici

Sleep coaching by Holzinger & Klösch™ is a new, Gestalt therapy-based holistic approach to non-pharmacological treatment of non-restorative sleep. It includes psychotherapeutic aspects which enable participants to improve their sleep quality by developing their own coping strategies as a daily routine. Dream work and relaxation techniques are also part of the programme. The aim of this study was to measure the effectiveness of a two-day sleep coaching seminar on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and work and life quality in shift workers employed in an Austrian railway company (Österreichische Bundesbahnen, ÖBB). Thirty shift workers (28 male; mean age=24±45.90, age range 24–56 years) answered the same survey before and six months after the seminar (baseline and follow-up) containing items of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), their chronotype, personality factors, and burnout risk factors. The baseline findings in this group were compared with those of non-completers (who did not take the follow-up survey) (N=154) to see if the two groups differed significantly enough to create a bias among completers (who took the follow-up survey as well). Groups differed significantly in burnout levels as well as sleep duration, but not in the distribution of critical PSQI and ESS values. The two-day sleep coaching seminar resulted in a significant improvement in total PSQI score and subjective sleep quality and in a significant reduction in diurnal fatigue, sleep latency, and daytime sleepiness. Nevertheless, more research with a larger sample and a longitudinal design is needed to establish the long-term effects of sleep coaching.Sleep coaching (vođenje spavanja) je novi holistički pristup nefarmakološkom liječenju neokrepljujućega sna koji su osmislili Holzinger & KlöschTM. Obuhvaća psihoterapijske oblike koji korisnicima omogućuju da poprave kvalitetu spavanja tako što će razviti vlastite svakodnevne strategije kako se nositi s tim problemom. Program također obuhvaća rad na snu i tehnike opuštanja. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja bio utvrditi djelotvornost dvodnevnoga seminara iz spavanja na poboljšanje kvalitete spavanja, dnevnu pospanost te na kvalitetu rada i života smjenskih radnika jedne austrijske željezničke tvrtke (Österreichische Bundesbahnen, ÖBB). Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 30 radnika (28 muškaraca i dvije žene, srednja dob 24±45,90 godina, u dobnom rasponu od 24 do 56 godina) koji su odgovorili na upitnik prije seminara te šest mjeseci nakon njega da bi se utvrdile početne vrijednosti i promjene. Upitnik je sadržavao pitanja iz Pittsburgh indeksa kvalitete spavanja (izv. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, krat. PSQI) i iz Epworthove ljestvice pospanosti (izv. Epworth Sleepiness Scale, krat. ESS), zatim kronotip ispitanika, čimbenike osobnosti i rizične čimbenike za izgaranje na poslu (engl. burnout). Početne su vrijednosti u ovoj skupini uspoređene s početnim vrijednostima u skupini koja nije ispunila upitnik nakon seminara (N=154) kako bi se utvrdilo razlikuju li se te dvije skupine dovoljno da se može pretpostaviti otklon (engl. bias) u skupini koja je ispunila upitnik nakon seminara. Dvije su se skupine razlikovale samo razinom izgaranja na poslu i trajanjem spavanja, ali ne i distribucijom vrijednosti iz PSQI i ESS upitnika. Dvodnevni je seminar iz vođenja spavanja u skupini koja je ispunila upitnik nakon seminara doveo do značajnoga poboljšanja u ukupnim bodovima iz PSQI upitnika te do značajnoga smanjenja dnevnoga umora, odgode spavanja i dnevne pospanosti. S obzirom na mali uzorak, potrebno je provesti veće longitudinalno istraživanje s većim uzorkom kako bi se utvrdili dugotrajni učinci vođenja spavanja

Johannes Brahms. Erläuterung seiner bedeutendsten Werke von C. Beyer, R. Heuberger, Prof. J. Knorr, Dr. H. Riemann ... Nebst einer Darstellung seines Lebensganges mit besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Werke. Von A. Morin.

2 p. ., (vii)-xliv, 307 p. incl. front. (port.) illus. (music) 19 cm

Sub-continental-scale carbon stocks of individual trees in African drylands

Abstract The distribution of dryland trees and their density, cover, size, mass and carbon content are not well known at sub-continental to continental scales 1–14 . This information is important for ecological protection, carbon accounting, climate mitigation and restoration efforts of dryland ecosystems 15–18 . We assessed more than 9.9 billion trees derived from more than 300,000 satellite images, covering semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa north of the Equator. We attributed wood, foliage and root carbon to every tree in the 0–1,000 mm year −1 rainfall zone by coupling field data 19 , machine learning 20–22 , satellite data and high-performance computing. Average carbon stocks of individual trees ranged from 0.54 Mg C ha −1 and 63 kg C tree −1 in the arid zone to 3.7 Mg C ha −1 and 98 kg tree −1 in the sub-humid zone. Overall, we estimated the total carbon for our study area to be 0.84 (±19.8%) Pg C. Comparisons with 14 previous TRENDY numerical simulation studies 23 for our area found that the density and carbon stocks of scattered trees have been underestimated by three models and overestimated by 11 models, respectively. This benchmarking can help understand the carbon cycle and address concerns about land degradation 24–29 . We make available a linked database of wood mass, foliage mass, root mass and carbon stock of each tree for scientists, policymakers, dryland-restoration practitioners and farmers, who can use it to estimate farmland tree carbon stocks from tablets or laptops

Field linkage and magnetic helicity density (dataset)

This is a file in .csv and .xlsx format of the data underpinning Table 1 in this paper (Lund et al 2020, MN